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Zhuang ZJ, Li FJ, Lv D, Duan HQ, Chen LY, Chen P, Shen ZQ, He B. Regulation of Autophagy Signaling Pathways by Ginseng Saponins: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400934. [PMID: 38898600 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ginseng saponins (ginsenosides), bioactive compounds derived from ginseng, are widely used natural products with potent therapeutic properties in the management of various ailments, particularly tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and immune system disorders. Autophagy, a highly regulated and multistep process involving the breakdown of impaired organelles and macromolecules by autophagolysosomes and autophagy-related genes (ATGs), has gained increasing attention as a potential target for ginsenoside-mediated disease treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research advances in the understanding of autophagy-related signaling pathways and the role of ginsenoside-mediated autophagy regulation. By delving into the intricate autophagy signaling pathways underpinning the pharmacological properties of ginsenosides, we highlight their therapeutic potential in addressing various conditions. Our findings serve as a comprehensive reference for further investigation into the medicinal properties of ginseng or ginseng-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- The First People's Hospital of Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan, 615000, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Qian Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products/College of Modern Biomedical Industry, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Li J, Diao M, Li J, Xie N. Production and pharmaceutical research of minor saponins in Panax notoginseng (Sanqi): Current status and future prospects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114099. [PMID: 38641143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a traditional medicinal herb known as Sanqi or Tianqi in Asia and is commonly used worldwide. It is one of the main raw ingredients of Yunnan Baiyao, Fu fang dan shen di wan, and San qi shang yao pian. It is also a source of cardiotonic pill used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China, Korea, and Russia. Approximately 270 Panax notoginseng saponins have been isolated and identified as the major active components. Although the absorption and bioavailability of saponins are predominantly dependent on the gastrointestinal biotransformation capacity of an individual, minor saponins are better absorbed into the bloodstream and act as active substances than major saponins. Notably, minor saponins are absent or are present in minimal quantities under natural conditions. In this review, we focus on the strategies for the enrichment and production of minor saponins in P. notoginseng using physical, chemical, enzyme catalytic, and microbial methods. Moreover, pharmacological studies on minor saponins derived from P. notoginseng over the last decade are discussed. This review serves as a meaningful resource and guide, offering scholarly references for delving deeper into the exploration of the minor saponins in P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China; National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Jianxiu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Mengxue Diao
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
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Bai X, Deng J, Duan Z, Fu R, Zhu C, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rh4 alleviates gastrointestinal mucositis and enhances chemotherapy efficacy through modulating gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155577. [PMID: 38608488 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal mucositis stands as one of the most severe side effects of irinotecan (CPT-11). however, only palliative treatment is available at present. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive medications to alleviate the side effects of CPT-11. PURPOSE In this study, our objective was to explore whether ginsenoside Rh4 could serve as a modulator of the gut microbiota and an adjunctive agent for chemotherapy, thereby alleviating the side effects of CPT-11 and augmenting its anti-tumor efficacy. STUDY DESIGN A CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis model was used to investigate whether ginsenoside Rh4 alleviated CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CPT-11. METHODS In this study, we utilized CT26 cells to establish a xenograft tumor model, employing transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics techniques to investigate the impact of ginsenoside Rh4 on CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis and the effect on the anti-tumor activity of CPT-11. Furthermore, we explored the pivotal role of gut microbiota and their metabolites through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments and supplementation of the key differential metabolite, hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). RESULTS The results showed that ginsenoside Rh4 repaired the impairment of intestinal barrier function and restored intestinal mucosal homeostasis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rh4 treatment modulated gut microbiota diversity and upregulated the abundance of beneficial bacteria, especially Lactobacillus_reuteri and Akkermansia_muciniphila, which further regulated bile acid biosynthesis, significantly promoted the production of the beneficial secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), thereby alleviating CPT-11-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Subsequently, ginsenoside Rh4 further alleviated gastrointestinal mucositis through the TGR5-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. On the other hand, ginsenoside Rh4 combination therapy could further reduce the weight and volume of colon tumors, promote tumor cell apoptosis, and enhance the anti-tumor activity of CPT-11 by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thus exerting a synergistic anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings confirm that ginsenoside Rh4 can alleviate CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis and enhance the anti-tumor activity of CPT-11 by modulating gut microbiota and its related metabolites. Our study validates the potential of ginsenoside Rh4 as a modulator of the gut microbiota and an adjunctive agent for chemotherapy, offering new therapeutic strategies for addressing chemotherapy side effects and improving chemotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Guo J, Yan W, Duan H, Wang D, Zhou Y, Feng D, Zheng Y, Zhou S, Liu G, Qin X. Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Liver Cancer and Their Potential Mechanisms. Nutrients 2024; 16:1642. [PMID: 38892575 PMCID: PMC11174683 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer ranks third globally among causes of cancer-related deaths, posing a significant public health challenge. However, current treatments are inadequate, prompting a growing demand for novel, safe, and effective therapies. Natural products (NPs) have emerged as promising candidates in drug development due to their diverse biological activities, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. This paper begins by reviewing existing treatment methods and drugs for liver cancer. It then summarizes the therapeutic effects of NPs sourced from various origins on liver cancer. Finally, we analyze the potential mechanisms of NPs in treating liver cancer, including inhibition of angiogenesis, migration, and invasion; regulation of the cell cycle; induction of apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; influence on tumor metabolism; immune regulation; regulation of intestinal function; and regulation of key signaling pathways. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of NPs research in liver cancer treatment, offering a foundation for further development and application in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Hao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Diandian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yaxi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Duo Feng
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yue Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Gaigai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China; (J.G.); (W.Y.); (H.D.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Xia Qin
- Graduate Department, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
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Fan W, Lei H, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Exploring the Mechanism of Yiwei Decoction in the Intervention of a Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Rat Based on Network Pharmacology and the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19009-19019. [PMID: 38708213 PMCID: PMC11064180 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE our aim is to explore the mechanism of action of Yiwei decoction (YWD) in addressing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) through a combination of transcriptomics and network pharmacology. By doing so, we hope to identify important pathways of action, key targets, and active components that contribute to the efficacy of YWD. MATERIALS AND METHODS group A comprised of the model + traditional Chinese medicine group, while group B was the model control group and group C was the normal control group. After gavage, serum AMH and E2 levels were measured by using ELISA. HE staining was used to study the impact of YWD on ovarian follicle recovery in POI rats. Additionally, RNA-seq sequencing technology was employed to analyze the transcription levels of mRNAs and miRNAs in the ovarian tissues of each group, and the resulting data were examined using R. YWD used UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS to analyze its active ingredients. Upon obtaining the sequencing results, the miRWalk database was utilized to forecast the targets of DEmiRNAs. Network pharmacology was then applied to predict the targets of active ingredients present in YWD, ultimately constructing a regulatory network consisting of active ingredients-mRNA-miRNA. The coexpression relationship between mRNAs and miRNAs was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and high correlation coefficients between miRNA-mRNA were confirmed through miRanda sequence combination. RESULTS the application of YWD resulted in improved serum levels of AMH and E2, as well as an increased number of ovarian follicles in rats with POI. However, there was a minimal impact on the infiltration of ovarian lymphocytes. Through GSEA pathway enrichment analysis, we found that YWD may have a regulatory effect on PI3K-Akt, ovarian steroidogenesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which could aid in the treatment of POI. Additionally, our research discovered a total of 6 DEmiRNAs between groups A and B, including 2 new DEmiRNAs. YWD contains 111 active compounds, and our analysis of the active component-mRNA regulatory network revealed 27 active components and 73 mRNAs. Furthermore, the coexpression network included 5 miRNAs and 18 mRNAs. Our verification of MiRanda binding demonstrated that 12 of the sequence binding sites were stable. CONCLUSIONS our research has uncovered the regulatory network mechanism of active ingredients, mRNA, and miRNA in YWD POI treatment. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of the active ingredients on key miRNAs and mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisen Fan
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hong Lei
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Xuan Li
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yalin Li
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
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An L, Yu Y, He L, Xiao X, Li P. Ginsenoside Rb1 Deters Cell Proliferation, Induces Apoptosis, Alleviates Oxidative Stress, and Antimetastasis in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04880-z. [PMID: 38530541 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous therapeutic applications for ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), the primary saponin derived from ginseng root. According to earlier research, ginsenoside Rb1 causes apoptosis and reduces the cell cycle. Its adverse effects, especially those on the development of the embryo, still need to be thoroughly studied. A host's lifestyle choices, including smoking, drinking too much alcohol, using tobacco products, and having an HPV infection, can increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most prevalent malignancies of the oral cavity. To address this challenge, this investigation focuses on the design of GRb1 for treating OSCC. In vitro cytotoxicity studies confirmed that GRb1 was more effective in PCI-9A and PCI-13 cells, with reduced toxicity in non-cancerous cells. Further verification of cellular morphology was achieved through various biochemical staining methods. The mechanism of cell death was investigated by Annexin V-FITC and PI methods. Additionally, the antimetastatic attributes of GRb1 have been evaluated using both migration scratch and Transwell migration assays, which have collectively revealed excellent antimetastatic potential. The DNA fragmentation of the PCI-9A and PCI-13 cells was assessed using a comet assay. Ginsenoside Rb1 improved ROS levels and caused mitochondrial membrane potential alterations and DNA damage, which resulted in apoptosis. OSCC administration significantly reduced the levels of SOD, GSH, GPx, and CAT, increasing the levels of PCI-9A and PCI-13 cells, while GRb1 improved this situation. Therefore, we propose that Ginsenoside Rb1 could be an alternative therapeutic strategy for OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le An
- Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.31, Longhua Road, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Long He
- Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.31, Longhua Road, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.31, Longhua Road, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.31, Longhua Road, Haikou, 570100, China.
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Mu KL, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang MJ, He TL, Li KM, Liu YC, Liu G. Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Miao Ethnomedicine Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo Capsule (HZFC) and the Discovery of Active Substances in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10860-10874. [PMID: 38463300 PMCID: PMC10918809 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical substances of Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo Capsule (HZFC) and its potential active ingredients for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were characterized and analyzed by medicinal chemistry combined with bioinformatics methods. Also, the potential active ingredients of HZFC against RA were verified by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation model. The results showed that 79 chemical constituents were successfully identified, mainly including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Among them, 13 active components were closely related to the nine core targets (FASN, ALOX5, EGFR, MMP1, CYP2D6, CNR1, AR, MAOA, and FKBP5) of HZFC in the treatment of RA. Molecular docking further proved that 13 active components had strong docking activity with 9 core targets. In the verification experiment of the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage model, the verified components (magnoflorine, N-feruloyltyramine, canadine, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and pseudocolumbamine) all showed a clear inhibitory effect on the secretion of inflammatory factors in model cells. The above research results suggest that 13 components such as stepharanine, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, corydine methyl ether, canadine, 8-oxoepiberberine, disinomenine, deosinomenine glucoside, tuduranine, magnoflorine, isosinomenine, pseudocolumbamine, and N-feruloyltyramine may be the main active substances of HZFC in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-lang Mu
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Min-jie Zhang
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian-lin He
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Kai-min Li
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-chen Liu
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Bai X, Fu R, Liu Y, Deng J, Fei Q, Duan Z, Zhu C, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rk3 modulates gut microbiota and regulates immune response of group 3 innate lymphoid cells to against colorectal tumorigenesis. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:259-275. [PMID: 38464791 PMCID: PMC10921328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the effect of ginsenoside Rk3 (Rk3) on CRC and gut microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the potential effect of Rk3 on CRC from the perspective of gut microbiota and immune regulation. Our results reveal that treatment with Rk3 significantly suppresses the formation of colon tumors, repairs intestinal barrier damage, and regulates the gut microbiota imbalance caused by CRC, including enrichment of probiotics such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Barnesiella intestinihominis, and clearance of pathogenic Desulfovibrio. Subsequent metabolomics data demonstrate that Rk3 can modulate the metabolism of amino acids and bile acids, particularly by upregulating glutamine, which has the potential to regulate the immune response. Furthermore, we elucidate the regulatory effects of Rk3 on chemokines and inflammatory factors associated with group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and T helper 17 (Th17) signaling pathways, which inhibits the hyperactivation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK-STAT3) signaling pathway. These results indicate that Rk3 modulates gut microbiota, regulates ILC3s immune response, and inhibits the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway to suppress the development of colon tumors. More importantly, the results of fecal microbiota transplantation suggest that the inhibitory effect of Rk3 on colon tumors and its regulation of ILC3 immune responses are mediated by the gut microbiota. In summary, these findings emphasize that Rk3 can be utilized as a regulator of the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Lin S, Chen Z, Li S, Chen B, Wu Y, Zheng Y, Huang J, Chen Y, Lin X, Yao H. Anti-tumor effect and mechanism of the total biflavonoid extract from S doederleinii on human cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24778. [PMID: 38304845 PMCID: PMC10830543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of the total biflavonoid extract of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron (SDTBE) against cervical cancer were originally investigated in vitro and in vivo. First, the inhibition of SDTBE on proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa cells was evaluated, followed by morphological observation with AO/EB staining, Annexin V/PI assay, and autophagic flux monitoring to evaluate the possible effect of SDTBE on cell apoptosis and autophagy. Cell cycle, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔѰm), was detected with flow cytometry. Further, the apoptosis related protein expression and the autophagy related gene LC3 mRNA transcription level were analyzed by Western blot (WB) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Finally, the anti-cervical cancer effect of the SDTBE was also validated in vivo in HeLa cells grafts mice. As results, SDTBE inhibited HeLa cells proliferation with the IC50 values of 49.05 ± 6.76 and 44.14 ± 4.75 μg/mL for 48 and 72 h treatment, respectively. The extract caused mitochondrial ΔѰ loss, induced cell apoptosis by upregulating Bax, downregulating Bcl-2, activating Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, promoting cell autophagy and blocking the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg SDTBE suppressed the growth of HeLa cells xenografts in mice with the mean inhibition rates, 25.3 %, 57.5 % and 62.9 %, respectively, and the change of apoptosis related proteins and microvascular density was confirmed in xenografts by immunohistochemistry analysis. The results show that SDTBE possesses anti-cervical cancer effect, and the mechanism involves in activating Caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Huang X, Su B, Li M, Zhou Y, He X. Multiomics characterization of fatty acid metabolism for the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22472. [PMID: 38110715 PMCID: PMC10728109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy and there is a lack of effective biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. Living organisms are complex, and different omics molecules interact with each other to implement various biological functions. Genomics and metabolomics, which are the top and bottom of systems biology, play an important role in HCC clinical management. Fatty acid metabolism is associated with malignancy, prognosis, and immune phenotype in cancer, which is a potential hallmark in malignant tumors. In this study, the genes and metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism were thoroughly investigated by a dynamic network construction algorithm named EWS-DDA for the early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Three gene ratios and eight metabolite ratios were identified by EWS-DDA as potential biomarkers for HCC clinical management. Further analysis using biological analysis, statistical analysis and document validation in the discovery and validation sets suggested that the selected potential biomarkers had great clinical prognostic value and helped to achieve effective early diagnosis of HCC. Experimental results suggested that in-depth evaluation of fatty acid metabolism from different omics viewpoints can facilitate the further understanding of pathological alterations associated with HCC characteristics, improving the performance of early diagnosis and clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anshan Normal University, Pingan Street, Anshan, 114007, Liaoning, China.
- Biomedical Engineering Postdoctoral Research Station, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- Postdoctoral Workstation of Dalian Yongjia Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Benzhe Su
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengjun Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anshan Normal University, Pingan Street, Anshan, 114007, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu He
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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11
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Katsumata H, Matsumoto K, Yanagita K, Shimizu Y, Hirano S, Kitajima K, Koguchi D, Ikeda M, Sato Y, Iwamura M. Expression of S100A16 Is Associated with Biological Aggressiveness and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Who Underwent Radical Cystectomy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14536. [PMID: 37833982 PMCID: PMC10572706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 calcium binding protein A16 (S100A16) is expressed in various cancers; however, there are few reports on S100A16 in bladder cancer (BC). We retrospectively investigated clinical data including clinicopathological features in 121 patients with BC who underwent radical cystectomy (RC). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate S100A16 expression in archived specimens. Cases with >5% expression and more than moderate staining intensity on cancer cells were considered positive. S100A16 expression was observed in 54 patients (44.6%). Univariate analysis showed that S100A16 expression was significantly associated with age, pT stage, recurrence, and cancer-specific death. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that patients with S100A16 expression had shorter overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than those without S100A16 expression. In multivariate analysis, pT stage was an independent prognostic factor for OS and lymph node metastasis for CSS and RFS. S100A16 expression may be a biomarker of a biologically aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in patients with BC who underwent RC. The PI3k/Akt signaling pathway is probably associated with S100A16 and may be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Katsumata
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Kazumasa Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Kengo Yanagita
- Biofluid Biomarker Center, Niigata University, 8050 ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Niigata, Japan;
| | - Yuriko Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Shuhei Hirano
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Kazuki Kitajima
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Dai Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
- KITASATO-OTSUKA Biomedical Assay Laboratories Co., Ltd., 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0329, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Iwamura
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (K.K.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (Y.S.); (M.I.)
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