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Zarei S, Eggert J, Franqui-Dominguez L, Carl Y, Boria F, Stukova M, Avila A, Rubi C, Chinea A. Comprehensive review of neuromyelitis optica and clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica patients in Puerto Rico. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:242. [PMID: 30603227 PMCID: PMC6293609 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_224_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is characterized by concurrent inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve (optic neuritis [ON]) and the spinal cord (myelitis). Multiple studies show variations in prevalence, clinical, and demographic features of NMO among different populations. In addition, ethnicity and race are known as important factors on disease phenotype and clinical outcomes. There are little data on information about NMO patients in underserved groups, including Puerto Rico (PR). In this research, we will provide a comprehensive overview of all aspects of NMO, including epidemiology, environmental risk factors, genetic factors, molecular mechanism, symptoms, comorbidities and clinical differentiation, diagnosis, treatment, its management, and prognosis. We will also evaluate the demographic features and clinical phenotype of NMO patients in PR. This will provide a better understanding of NMO and establish a basis of knowledge that can be used to improve care. Furthermore, this type of population-based study can distinguish the clinical features variation among NMO patients and will provide insight into the potential mechanisms that cause these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zarei
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - James Eggert
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Yonatan Carl
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Fernando Boria
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Marina Stukova
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Cristina Rubi
- Caribbean Neurological Center, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Angel Chinea
- Caribbean Neurological Center, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA
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ESPEN guideline clinical nutrition in neurology. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:354-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shirvani-Farsani Z, Kakhki MP, Gargari BN, Doosti R, Moghadasi AN, Azimi AR, Behmanesh M. The expression of VDR mRNA but not NF-κB surprisingly decreased after vitamin D treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurosci Lett 2017; 653:258-263. [PMID: 28576565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and NF-κB mRNAs in vitamin D (VD) supplemented multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS RRMS patients received 50,000 IU vitamin D3/week as an intra-muscular injection for 2 months. Blood samples were obtained from 30 MS patients before and after VD supplementation and 32 healthy individuals, and then VDR and NF-κB mRNA levels were measured by real time PCR method and analyzed with independent and paired t-tests. Moreover, some correlations were performed between the expression levels of selected genes and some clinical features of MS and control groups. RESULTS Surprisingly, the expression level of VDR mRNA significantly decreased after 2 months supplementation with VD in our selected patients and in contrast, the level of serum 25(OH) D increased after supplementation. Although, we didn't find any significant difference in the expression level of NF-κB gene before and after treatment with VD, its expression significantly decreased in untreated MS cases compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found some new evidences from the molecular mechanism of vitamin D effectiveness in MS treatment. Also, we need more functional studies to find the effect of VD on the expression level of VDR mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pahlevan Kakhki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Naghavi Gargari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozita Doosti
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Azimi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Naghavi Gargari B, Behmanesh M, Shirvani Farsani Z, Pahlevan Kakhki M, Azimi AR. Vitamin D supplementation up-regulates IL-6 and IL-17A gene expression in multiple sclerosis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:414-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Farsani ZS, Behmanesh M, Sahraian MA. Interleukin-10 but not transforming growth factor-β1 gene expression is up-regulated by vitamin D treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2015; 350:18-23. [PMID: 25680585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Variety of different genetics and environmental factors are involved in MS pathology. The epidemiological studies demonstrated that vitamin D has immune and immunomodulating effects on MS disease. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D treatment on the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) genes in MS patients. We found that, the expression level of IL-10 gene in treated patients was up-regulated 3.84 times more than before treatment, but the expression level of TGF-β1 was not affected by vitamin D treatment. Also, a significant relationship was observed between vitamin D level and EDSS in MS patients. Our results indicated that the increased level of serum vitamin D and IL-10 gene expression may be associated with the reduction of EDSS scores in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shirvani Farsani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Moghtaderi A, Tamadon GH, Haghighi F. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentration in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Remitting-relapse Multiple Sclerosis. Prague Med Rep 2014; 114:162-71. [DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological, geographical and immunological evidence suggesting that low environmental supplies of vitamin D3 may act as a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS), possibly due to dysfunction in the immunomodulatory properties of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) in the brain. The objective of this study is to measure the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 25-OH-D3 in MS patients during their relapsing phase. 52 patients with remitting-relapse and 58 patients with other non-inflammatory diseases of central and peripheral nervous system were entered into the study. Patients in both groups were admitted for the first time to do diagnostic procedures and they were not on any other treatment for neurological disorders. The means and medians for serum levels of 25-OH-D3 in MS patients and control group were 10.64 ± 9.2 ng/ml (median: 9.6 ng/ml) and 13.23 ± 17.56 ng/ml (median: 11.90 ng/ml), respectively (p=0.328). CSF concentrations for the same values were 2.02 ± 1.94 ng/ml (median: 0.23 ng/ml) and 3.28 ± 2.96 (median: 0.29 ng/ml), respectively (p=0.242). The differences between calculated numbers of serum/CSF ratios were not statistically significant too. The serum and CSF concentrations of 25-OH-D3 in MS group were lower than the control counterpart without any statistical difference and the authors did not find any influence of serum 25-OH-D3 concentration on the CSF concentration based on the non-significant statistical difference between the serum/CSF ratios in two study groups of MS patients and control cases.
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC, Gurrea G. Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:911-8. [PMID: 24494834 DOI: 10.1111/php.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is considered the most important environmental risk factor in the development of melanoma and skin cancer. Outdoor workers are among those with the highest risk from exposure to solar UVR, as their daily activities constantly expose them to this radiation source. A study was carried out in Valencia, Spain, in summer 2012 and involved a group of 11 workers for a period of six 2-day recordings. Sensitive spore-film filter-type personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were used to measure erythemal UVR received by environmental agents in the course of their daily work. Median 2-day UV exposure was 6.2 standard erythema dose (SED), with 1 SED defined as effective 100 J m(-2) when weighted with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage's (CIE) erythemal response function. These workers were found to receive a median of 8.3% total daily ambient ultraviolet erythemal radiation. Comparison with the occupational UV exposure limit showed that the subjects had received an erythemal UV dose in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures against this risk are highly advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, España
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC, Gurrea G. Personal UV exposure for different outdoor sports. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:671-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to measure UV exposure for three groups of amateur athletes in their training/recreational schedules using VioSpor personal dosimeters and we found that two of these groups exceeded the international UV threshold level for non-sun-adapted Mediterranean skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Cañada
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gurrea
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Solar UV exposure in construction workers in Valencia, Spain. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:525-530. [PMID: 22739681 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has long been recognized as the most important environmental risk factor for melanoma and skin cancer. Outdoor workers are among the groups most at risk from exposure to solar UVR in their daily activities. Sensitive spore-film filter-type personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were used to measure the biologically effective UVR received by construction workers in the course of their daily work. The study took place in Valencia, Spain, in July 2010 and involved a group of eight workers for a period of 5 days. The median UV exposure was 6.11 standard erythema dose (SED) per day, with 1 SED defined as effective 100 J/m(2) when weighted with the Commission Internationale de L'Eeclairage erythemal response function. These workers were found to receive a median of 13.9% of total daily ambient ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER). Comparison with the occupational UVR exposure limit showed that the subjects had received UVER exposure in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures against this risk are highly advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Energética, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, España.
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Kampman MT, Steffensen LH, Mellgren SI, Jørgensen L. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on relapses, disease progression, and measures of function in persons with multiple sclerosis: exploratory outcomes from a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Mult Scler 2012; 18:1144-51. [PMID: 22354743 DOI: 10.1177/1352458511434607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High vitamin D levels may reduce the risk of relapses and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. METHODS This 96-week randomised controlled trial was designed to assess the effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation on bone mineral density in persons with multiple sclerosis. Supplementation with 20,000 IU vitamin D(3) weekly raised median serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) to 121 nmol/L. The modified intention to treat analysis included 35 persons in the vitamin D(3) group and 33 in the placebo group. Participants were age 21 to 50 years and fully ambulatory (median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 2.5). We studied the effect of supplementing vitamin D(3) on the exploratory outcomes annualised relapse rate (ARR), EDSS, multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC) components, grip strength, and fatigue. RESULTS After 96 weeks, there was no significant difference between groups in ARR (absolute difference 0.10, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.27; p = 0.25), EDSS (absolute difference -0.01, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.35; p = 0.97), MSFC components, grip strength, or fatigue. CONCLUSION Supplementation with 20,000 IU vitamin D(3) weekly did not result in beneficial effects on the measured multiple sclerosis-related outcomes. This study was not powered to address clinical outcomes, but none of the results were suggestive of an effect in this unselected population of fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margitta T Kampman
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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CAM Interventions for Multiple Sclerosis: Part 1—Diet and Supplements for Relieving Symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/act.2011.17301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bogh MKB, Schmedes AV, Philipsen PA, Thieden E, Wulf HC. Interdependence between body surface area and ultraviolet B dose in vitamin D production: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:163-9. [PMID: 21039402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation increases serum vitamin D level expressed as 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(3) [25(OH)D], but the relationship to body surface area and UVB dose needs investigation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the importance of body surface area and UVB dose on vitamin D production after UVB exposure. METHODS We randomized 92 participants to have 6%, 12% or 24% of their skin exposed to 0·75 (7·5 mJ cm(-2) at 298 nm using the CIE erythema action spectrum), 1·5 (15 mJ cm(-2) ) or 3·0 (30 mJ cm(-2) ) standard erythema doses (SED) of UVB. Each participant underwent four UVB exposures at intervals of 2-3 days. Skin pigmentation and 25(OH)D levels were measured before and 48 h after the final exposure. RESULTS The increase in 25(OH)D after irradiation [Δ25(OH)D] was positively correlated with body surface area (P = 0·006; R(2) = 0·08) and UVB dose (P < 0·0001; R(2) = 0·28), and negatively correlated with baseline 25(OH)D (P < 0·0001; R(2) = 0·18), for the entire data sample. However, when analysing each body surface area separately, we found a significant UVB response correlation for 6% (P < 0·0001; R(2) = 0·48) and 12% (P = 0·0004; R(2) = 0·35), but not for 24%. We also found a significant skin area response correlation for 0·75 SED (P < 0·0001; R(2) = 0·56), but not for 1·5 and 3·0 SED when analysing each UVB dose separately. The relationships did not change significantly after adjustment of Δ25(OH)D for baseline 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION The increase in 25(OH)D depends mainly on the UVB dose; however, for small UVB doses the area of irradiated body surface is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K B Bogh
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Can vitamin D supplementation prevent bone loss in persons with MS? A placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol 2011; 258:1624-31. [PMID: 21400196 PMCID: PMC3165120 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-5980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a possible cause of secondary osteoporosis. In this phase II trial we assessed whether a weekly dose of 20,000 IU vitamin D3 prevents bone loss in ambulatory persons with MS age 18–50 years. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT00785473. All patients managed at the University Hospital of North Norway who fulfilled the main inclusion criteria were invited to participate in this double-blinded trial. Participants were randomised to receive 20,000 IU vitamin D3 or placebo once a week and 500 mg calcium daily for 96 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip, the spine, and the ultradistal radius over the study period. Of 71 participants randomised, 68 completed. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in the intervention group increased from 55 nmol/L at baseline to 123 nmol/L at week 96. After 96 weeks, percentage change in BMD did not differ between groups at any site. BMD decreased at the hip, by 1.4% in the placebo group (95% CI −2.3 to −0.4, SD 2.7, p = 0.006) and by 0.7% in the treatment group (−1.6 to 0.2, 2.7, p = 0.118), difference 0.7% (−1.9 to 0.7, p = 0.332). Findings were not altered by adjustment for sex or serum 25(OH)D. Supplementation with 20,000 IU vitamin D3 a week did not prevent bone loss in this small population. Larger studies are warranted to assess the effect of vitamin D on bone health in persons with MS.
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Kampman MT, Eriksen EF, Holmøy T. Multiple sclerosis, a cause of secondary osteoporosis? What is the evidence and what are the clinical implications? Acta Neurol Scand 2011; 124:44-9. [PMID: 21711256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both women and men with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis. METHODS A non-systematic review of the prevalence,pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS MS and osteoporosis share aetiological risk factors such as smoking and hypovitaminosis D, as well as pathogenetic players such as osteopontin and osteoprotegerin. Recently, low bone mineral density (BMD) values have been measured shortly after diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome and MS and in fully ambulatory persons with MS below 50 years of age. Studies consistently show that BMD at the femoral neck decreases with increasing MS-related disability. Osteoporosis-related fractures cause increased morbidity and mortality and add to the burden of having MS. CONCLUSION We argue that MS, like a number of other chronic diseases, is a cause of secondary osteoporosis. Therefore, bone health assessment should be a part of the integral management of persons with MS. We suggest that BMD be measured shortly after diagnosis, that BMD measurements be repeated depending on BMD values and individual osteoporosis risk profile, and that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D be monitored. All persons with MS should receive bone health advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kampman
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Solar radiation and human health. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:109-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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