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Green Synthesis of a Novel Silver Nanoparticle Conjugated with Thelypteris glandulosolanosa (Raqui-Raqui): Preliminary Characterization and Anticancer Activity. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has had a prominent role in scientific research for industrial and biomedical applications. In this current study, silver nitrate (AgNO3) was reduced and stabilized with an aqueous extract of Thelypteris glandulosolanosa (Raqui-raqui), forming silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-RR). UV-vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were utilized to analyze the structures of AgNPs-RR. The results from this analysis showed a characteristic peak at 420 nm and a mean hydrodynamic size equal to 39.16 nm, while the STEM revealed a size distribution of 6.64–51.00 nm with an average diameter of 31.45 nm. Cellular cytotoxicity assays using MCF-7 (ATCC® HTB-22™, mammary gland breast), A549 (ATCC® CCL-185, lung epithelial carcinoma), and L929 (ATCC® CCL-1, subcutaneous connective tissue of Mus musculus) demonstrated over 42.70% of MCF-7, 59.24% of A549, and 8.80% of L929 cells had cell death after 48 h showing that this nanoparticle is more selective to disrupt neoplastic than non-cancerous cells and may be further developed into an effective strategy for breast and lung cancer treatment. These results demonstrate that the nanoparticle surfaces developed are complex, have lower contact angles, and have excellent scratch and wear resistance.
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Mohos V, Bencsik T, Boda G, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Poór M. Interactions of casticin, ipriflavone, and resveratrol with serum albumin and their inhibitory effects on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:777-784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Interaction of 2'R-ochratoxin A with Serum Albumins: Binding Site, Effects of Site Markers, Thermodynamics, Species Differences of Albumin-binding, and Influence of Albumin on Its Toxicity in MDCK Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090353. [PMID: 30200461 PMCID: PMC6162703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin. Roasting of OTA-contaminated coffee results in the formation of 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA), which appears in the blood of coffee drinkers. Human serum albumin (HSA) binds 2′R-OTA (and OTA) with high affinity; therefore, albumin may influence the tissue uptake and elimination of ochratoxins. We aimed to investigate the binding site of 2′R-OTA (verses OTA) in HSA and the displacing effects of site markers to explore which molecules can interfere with its albumin-binding. Affinity of 2′R-OTA toward albumins from various species (human, bovine, porcine and rat) was tested to evaluate the interspecies differences regarding 2′R-OTA-albumin interaction. Thermodynamic studies were performed to give a deeper insight into the molecular background of the complex formation. Besides fluorescence spectroscopic and modeling studies, effects of HSA, and fetal bovine serum on the cytotoxicity of 2′R-OTA and OTA were tested in MDCK kidney cell line in order to demonstrate the influence of albumin-binding on the cellular uptake of ochratoxins. Site markers displaced more effectively 2′R-OTA than OTA from HSA. Fluorescence and binding constants of 2′R-OTA-albumin and OTA-albumin complexes showed different tendencies. Albumin significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of ochratoxins. 2′R-OTA, even at sub-toxic concentrations, increased the toxic action of OTA.
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Sueck F, Poór M, Faisal Z, Gertzen CGW, Cramer B, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Gohlke H, Humpf HU. Interaction of Ochratoxin A and Its Thermal Degradation Product 2' R-Ochratoxin A with Human Serum Albumin. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070256. [PMID: 29932113 PMCID: PMC6070976 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by several fungal species of the genus Penicillium and Aspergillus. 2′R-Ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA) is a thermal isomerization product of OTA formed during food processing at high temperatures. Both compounds are detectable in human blood in concentrations between 0.02 and 0.41 µg/L with 2′R-OTA being only detectable in the blood of coffee drinkers. Humans have approximately a fifty-fold higher exposure through food consumption to OTA than to 2′R-OTA. In human blood, however, the differences between the concentrations of the two compounds is, on average, only a factor of two. To understand these unexpectedly high 2′R-OTA concentrations found in human blood, the affinity of this compound to the most abundant protein in human blood the human serum albumin (HSA) was studied and compared to that of OTA, which has a well-known high binding affinity. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, equilibrium dialysis, circular dichroism (CD), high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC), and molecular modelling experiments, the affinities of OTA and 2′R-OTA to HSA were determined and compared with each other. For the affinity of HSA towards OTA, a logK of 7.0⁻7.6 was calculated, while for its thermally produced isomer 2′R-OTA, a lower, but still high, logK of 6.2⁻6.4 was determined. The data of all experiments showed consistently that OTA has a higher affinity to HSA than 2′R-OTA. Thus, differences in the affinity to HSA cannot explain the relatively high levels of 2′R-OTA found in human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sueck
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) & Institute for Complex Systems-Structural Biochemistry (ICS 6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus utca 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus utca 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) & Institute for Complex Systems-Structural Biochemistry (ICS 6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Investigation of Non-Covalent Interactions of Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1) with Serum Albumin. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110339. [PMID: 29068381 PMCID: PMC5705954 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are widely spread mycotoxins produced mainly by Aspergillus species. Consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods and drinks causes serious health risks for people worldwide. It is well-known that the reactive epoxide metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) forms covalent adducts with serum albumin. However, non-covalent interactions of aflatoxins with human serum albumin (HSA) are poorly characterized. Thus, in this study the complex formation of aflatoxins was examined with HSA applying spectroscopic and molecular modelling studies. Our results demonstrate that aflatoxins form stable complexes with HSA as reflected by binding constants between 2.1 × 104 and 4.5 × 104 dm3/mol. A binding free energy value of −26.90 kJ mol−1 suggests a spontaneous binding process between AFB1 and HSA at room-temperature, while the positive entropy change of 55.1 JK−1 mol−1 indicates a partial decomposition of the solvation shells of the interacting molecules. Modeling studies and investigations with site markers suggest that Sudlow’s Site I of subdomain IIA is the high affinity binding site of aflatoxins on HSA. Interaction of AFB1 with bovine, porcine, and rat serum albumins was also investigated. Similar stabilities of the examined AFB1-albumin complexes were observed suggesting the low species differences of the albumin-binding of aflatoxins.
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Poór M, Boda G, Needs PW, Kroon PA, Lemli B, Bencsik T. Interaction of quercetin and its metabolites with warfarin: Displacement of warfarin from serum albumin and inhibition of CYP2C9 enzyme. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:574-581. [PMID: 28135601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous molecules in nature with manifold pharmacological effects. Flavonoids interact with several proteins, and thus potentially interfere with the pharmacokinetics of various drugs. Though much is known about the protein binding characteristics of flavonoid aglycones, the behaviour of their metabolites, which are extensively formed in the human body has received little attention. In this study, the interactions of the flavonoid aglycone quercetin and its main metabolites with the albumin binding of the oral anticoagulant warfarin were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and ultrafiltration. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these flavonoids on CYP2C9 enzyme were tested because the metabolic elimination of warfarin is catalysed principally by this enzyme. Herein, we demonstrate that each tested flavonoid metabolite can bind to human serum albumin (HSA) with high affinity, some with similar or even higher affinity than quercetin itself. Quercetin metabolites are able to strongly displace warfarin from HSA suggesting that high quercetin doses can strongly interfere with warfarin therapy. On the other hand, tested flavonoids showed no or weaker inhibition of CYP2C9 compared to warfarin, making it very unlikely that quercetin or its metabolites can significantly inhibit the CYP2C9-mediated inactivation of warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Boda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Paul W Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Beáta Lemli
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus utca 2, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Structure related effects of flavonoid aglycones on cell cycle progression of HepG2 cells: Metabolic activation of fisetin and quercetin by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:998-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Han S, Xiang H, Peng Y, Wu Y, Pan S, Zhang Y, Ruan J. RY10-4 Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Cancer HepG2 Cells by Inducing Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151679. [PMID: 26974964 PMCID: PMC4790938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor activity of RY10-4, a small molecular that was designed and synthesized based on the structure of protoapigenone. A previous screening study showed that RY10-4 possessed anti-proliferative effects against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, the full range of RY10-4 anti-cancer effects on liver tumors and the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Herein, employing flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis, we demonstrate that RY10-4 can induce cell cycle arrest, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cell xenograft tumor model, RY10-4 significantly inhibited the growth of tumors and induced apoptosis in tumor cells, with little side effects. Moreover, RY10-4 caused the suppression of STAT3 activation, which may be involved the apoptosis induction. In addition, RY10-4 inhibited the proliferation of Hep3B and HuH-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that RY10-4 has a great potential to develop as chemotherapeutic agent for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- * E-mail: (YYW); (XZ)
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- * E-mail: (YYW); (XZ)
| | - Shishi Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huiyao Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Yinghua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Songwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Jinlan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Sali N, Nagy S, Poór M, Kőszegi T. Multiparametric luminescent cell viability assay in toxicology models: A critical evaluation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:45-54. [PMID: 26777595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In cellular viability assays the sole determination of a single parameter might not give precise information on the extent of toxicity. In our study we worked out a multiparametric microplate assay based on bioluminescent ATP quantification, esterase activity-related fluorescence, nucleic acid staining and total intracellular protein measurement from the same sample in MDCK and HepG2 tissue cultures. METHODS Dose-response analyses were done after ATP depletion by metabolic poisons (NaF, NaN3) and by ochratoxin A (OTA) mycotoxin treatments. A novel perchloric acid fixation/extraction technique was applied in order to obtain intracellular ATP levels, esterase activity, DNA content and protein data simultaneously. Esterase activity was assessed by a fluorogenic staining. Estimation of cell number was done by DAPI fluorescence. Our results were expressed as ATP/protein, calcein fluorescence/ATP, calcein fluorescence/protein and ATP/DAPI ratios. Apoptosis/necrosis rates were measured by Annexin V-propidium iodide and 7-aminoactinomycin D flow cytometric assays and effects of OTA on actin cytoskeleton were also studied by using labeled phalloidin for visualization of actin. RESULTS We could verify that the esterase assay was not an energy driven (true viability) process. ATP/protein, calcein fluorescence/ATP, calcein fluorescence/protein ratios, DAPI fluorescence and protein levels together with morphological and apoptosis/necrosis parameters deciphered subtle changes in cell viability with good between-run precision. Dose dependent loss in cell number and decreased protein levels were observed in all cases, while disorganization of actin microfilaments was seen in OTA treated cells. The two cell lines did not respond uniformly to the same treatments. DISCUSSION ATP/protein ratio proved to be a useful viability parameter however, the suppression and/or loss of intracellular protein could cause difficulty in interpreting ATP/protein data. We conclude that correct assessment of cellular viability should be done by measuring multiple parameters related to the specific mode of action of the tested toxic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Sali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjuság u. 13., Hungary.
| | - Sándor Nagy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Rókus u. 2., Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjuság u. 13., Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjuság u. 13., Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjuság u. 20., Hungary; Melius Foundation, H-7691 Pécs, Mázsaház u. 24., Hungary.
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Poór M, Kuzma M, Matisz G, Li Y, Perjési P, Kunsági-Máté S, Kőszegi T. Further aspects of ochratoxin A-cation interactions: complex formation with zinc ions and a novel analytical application of ochratoxin A-magnesium interaction in the HPLC-FLD system. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1295-307. [PMID: 24727553 PMCID: PMC4014734 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by different Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Since its mechanism of action is not fully understood yet, it is important to gain further insight into different interactions of OTA at the molecular level. OTA is found worldwide in many foods and drinks. Moreover, it can also be detected in human and animal tissues and body fluids, as well. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive quantitative methods for the determination of OTA is of utmost importance. OTA most likely forms complexes with divalent cations, both in cells and body fluids. In the present study, the OTA-zinc interaction was investigated and compared to OTA-magnesium complex formation using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Our results show that zinc(II) ion forms a two-fold higher stable complex with OTA than magnesium(II) ion. In addition, based on the enhanced fluorescence emission of OTA in its magnesium-bound form, a novel RP-HPLC-fluorescence detector (FLD) method was also established. Our results highlight that the application of magnesium chloride in alkaline eluents results in an approximately two-fold increase in sensitivity using the HPLC-FLD technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Poór
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Kuzma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Matisz
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Yin Li
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Pál Perjési
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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Poór M, Veres B, Jakus PB, Antus C, Montskó G, Zrínyi Z, Vladimir-Knežević S, Petrik J, Kőszegi T. Flavonoid diosmetin increases ATP levels in kidney cells and relieves ATP depleting effect of ochratoxin A. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 132:1-9. [PMID: 24556581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diosmetin (DIOS) is a flavone aglycone commonly occurring in citrus species and olive leaves, in addition it is one of the active ingredients of some medications. Based on both in vitro and in vivo studies several beneficial effects are attributed to DIOS but the biochemical background of its action seems to be complex and it has not been completely explored yet. Previous investigations suggest that most of the flavonoid aglycones have negative effect on ATP synthesis in a dose dependent manner. In our study 17 flavonoids were tested and interestingly DIOS caused a significant elevation of intracellular ATP levels after 6- and 12-h incubation in MDCK kidney cells. In order to understand the mechanism of action, intracellular ATP and protein levels, ATP/ADP ratio, cell viability and ROS levels were determined after DIOS treatment. In addition, impacts of different enzyme inhibitors and effect of DIOS on isolated rat liver mitochondria were also tested. Finally, the influence of DIOS on the ATP depleting effect of the mycotoxin, ochratoxin A was also investigated. Our major conclusions are the followings: DIOS increases intracellular ATP levels both in kidney and in liver cells. Inhibition of glycolysis or citric acid cycle does not decrease the observed effect. DIOS-induced elevation of ATP levels is completely abolished by the inhibition of ATP synthase. DIOS is able to completely reverse the ATP-depleting effect of the mycotoxin, ochratoxin A. Most probably the DIOS-induced impact on ATP system does not originate from the antioxidant property of DIOS. Based on our findings DIOS may be promising agent to positively influence ATP depletion caused by some metabolic poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Poór
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Balázs Veres
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Péter B Jakus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gergely Montskó
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Zita Zrínyi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - József Petrik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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