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Dan Y, Chen L, Jin S, Xing X, Zhu Y, Jiang M, Zhang C, Xiang LF. Photobiomodulation Using 830 nm Lighting-Emitting Diode Inhibits Melanogenesis via FOXO3a in Human Melanocyte. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 39169669 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) using 830 nm light-emitting diode (LED) benefits tissue regeneration, wound healing and neural stimulation. However, there is not much exploration of its effect on melanocytes and ex vivo skin model. This study aims to investigate the mechanism behind the anti-melanogenic activity of 830 nm LED and provides evidence for its activity in human ex vivo skin model. Our results showed that 830 nm LED at fluences ranging from 5 to 20 J/cm2 inhibited melanosome maturation and reduced melanin content, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis-related proteins. 830 nm LED inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream FOXO3a, leading to nuclear translocation of FOXO3a. Furthermore, FOXO3a knockdown and AKT activator like SC79 could reverse the melanogenesis inhibition phenotype induced by 830 nm LED. In human ex vivo skin model, Fontana-Masson staining revealed a decrease in epidermal basal pigmentation after 830 nm LED irradiation. Taken together, 830 nm LED demonstrated the anti-melanogenic activity via FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Dan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shanglin Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijian Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Leihong Flora Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Shin DW. Various biological effects of solar radiation on skin and their mechanisms: implications for phototherapy. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:181-188. [PMID: 33029294 PMCID: PMC7473273 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1808528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin protects our body from various external factors, such as chemical and physical stimuli, microorganisms, and sunlight. Sunlight is a representative environmental factor that considerably influences the physiological activity of our bodies. The molecular mechanisms and detrimental effects of ultraviolet rays (UVR) on skin have been thoroughly investigated. Chronic exposure to UVR generally causes skin damage and eventually induces wrinkle formation and reduced elasticity of the skin. Several studies have shown that infrared rays (IR) also lead to the breakdown of collagen fibers in the skin. However, several reports have demonstrated that the appropriate use of UVR or IR can have beneficial effects on skin-related diseases. Additionally, it has been revealed that visible light of different wavelengths has various biological effects on the skin. Interestingly, several recent studies have reported that photoreceptors are also expressed in the skin, similar to those in the eyes. Based on these data, I discuss the various physiological effects of sunlight on the skin and provide insights on the use of phototherapy, which uses a specific wavelength of sunlight as a non-invasive method, to improve skin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Katagiri W, Lee G, Tanushi A, Tsukada K, Choi HS, Kashiwagi S. High-throughput single-cell live imaging of photobiomodulation with multispectral near-infrared lasers in cultured T cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-18. [PMID: 32193907 PMCID: PMC7081057 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.036003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photobiomodulation is a well-established therapeutic modality. However, the mechanism of action is poorly understood, due to lack of research in the causal relationship between the near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation and its specific biological effects, hindering broader applications of this technology. AIM Since biological chromophores typically show several absorption peaks, we determined whether specific effects of photobiomodulation are induced with a combination of two wavelengths at a certain range of irradiance only, rather than a single wavelength of NIR light. APPROACH In order to analyze a wide array of combinations of multispectral NIR light at various irradiances efficiently, we developed a new optical platform equipped with two distinct wavelengths of NIR lasers by high-throughput multiple dosing for single-cell live imaging. Two wavelengths of 1064 and 1270 nm were selected based on their photobiomodulatory effects reported in the literature. RESULTS A specific combination of wavelengths at low irradiances (250 to 400 mW / cm2 for 1064 nm and 55 to 65 mW / cm2 for 1270 nm) modulates mitochondrial retrograde signaling, including intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species in T cells. The time-dependent density functional theory computation of binding of nitric oxide (NO) to cytochrome c oxidase indicates that the illumination with NIR light could result in the NO release, which might be involved in these changes. CONCLUSIONS This optical platform is a powerful tool to study causal relationship between a specific parameter of NIR light and its biological effects. Such a platform is useful for a further mechanistic study on not only photobiomodulation but also other modalities in photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Katagiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Keio University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - GeonHui Lee
- Korea University, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Tanushi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kosuke Tsukada
- Keio University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Satoshi Kashiwagi, E-mail: ; Hak Soo Choi, E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Satoshi Kashiwagi, E-mail: ; Hak Soo Choi, E-mail:
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Beauté L, McClenaghan N, Lecommandoux S. Photo-triggered polymer nanomedicines: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:148-166. [PMID: 30553952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects is central to nanomedicine. In this context, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) such as chemical/physical gels or nanoparticles such as polymersomes, micelles or nanogels are particularly promising and are the focus of this review. Several stimuli have been considered but light as an exogenous trigger presents many advantages that are pertinent for clinical applications such as high spatial and temporal control and low cost. Underlying mechanisms required for the release of therapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo range from the molecular scale, namely photoisomerization, hydrophobicity photoswitching, photocleavage or heat generation via nanoheaters, through to the macromolecular scale. As well as these approaches, DDS destabilization, DDS permeation pore unblocking and formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Beauté
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33405, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, UMR CNRS 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Nathan McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence 33405, France.
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, UMR CNRS 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac 33607, France.
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Kimizuka Y, Katagiri W, Locascio JJ, Shigeta A, Sasaki Y, Shibata M, Morse K, Sîrbulescu RF, Miyatake M, Reeves P, Suematsu M, Gelfand J, Brauns T, Poznansky MC, Tsukada K, Kashiwagi S. Brief Exposure of Skin to Near-Infrared Laser Modulates Mast Cell Function and Augments the Immune Response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:3587-3603. [PMID: 30420435 PMCID: PMC6289684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of skin with a low-power continuous-wave (CW) near-infrared (NIR) laser prior to vaccination is an emerging strategy to augment the immune response to intradermal vaccine, potentially substituting for chemical adjuvant, which has been linked to adverse effects of vaccines. This approach proved to be low cost, simple, small, and readily translatable compared with the previously explored pulsed-wave medical lasers. However, little is known on the mode of laser-tissue interaction eliciting the adjuvant effect. In this study, we sought to identify the pathways leading to the immunological events by examining the alteration of responses resulting from genetic ablation of innate subsets including mast cells and specific dendritic cell populations in an established model of intradermal vaccination and analyzing functional changes of skin microcirculation upon the CW NIR laser treatment in mice. We found that a CW NIR laser transiently stimulates mast cells via generation of reactive oxygen species, establishes an immunostimulatory milieu in the exposed tissue, and provides migration cues for dermal CD103+ dendritic cells without inducing prolonged inflammation, ultimately augmenting the adaptive immune response. These results indicate that use of an NIR laser with distinct wavelength and power is a safe and effective tool to reproducibly modulate innate programs in skin. These mechanistic findings would accelerate the clinical translation of this technology and warrant further explorations into the broader application of NIR lasers to the treatment of immune-related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kimizuka
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Wataru Katagiri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
- Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ayako Shigeta
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Yuri Sasaki
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Mai Shibata
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Kaitlyn Morse
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Mizuki Miyatake
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; and
| | - Patrick Reeves
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Timothy Brauns
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Kosuke Tsukada
- Graduate School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; and
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129;
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
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de Gálvez MV, Aguilera J, Sánchez-Roldán C, Herrera-Acosta E, Herrera-Ceballos E. Water-Filtered Infrared Radiation Decreases the Generation of Photodermatoses Dependent on Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:874-878. [PMID: 30447157 DOI: 10.1111/php.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of infrared radiation in photodermatoses has received very little attention, even though the main sources of radiation used for photobiological studies (UVA, UVB and visible light) include infrared radiation. The objective of the work was to assess whether infrared radiation is involved in the development of skin lesions in patients with different types of photodermatoses. Twenty patients with different photodermatoses were exposed to UVA, UVB and visible radiation using a high-pressure mercury UVA lamp, a fluorescent broadband UVB lamp, a tungsten bulb and a slide projector for visible radiation. Part of the radiation emitted by these lamps was water-filtered to block infrared radiation above 1300 nm. All 20 patients developed lesions when exposed to different light sources used for phototest. When exposed to same sources without infrared radiation, 17 patients (85%) did not develop any lesions and the other three (15%) developed less severe lesions than in the area exposed to unfiltered light. Our results show that infrared radiation was necessary for the development of skin lesions in 85% of the patients with photodermatoses in our study. We believe that infrared radiation studies should be included in standard photobiology protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V de Gálvez
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Aguilera
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Roldán
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrera-Acosta
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Dermatology Service, Vithas Xanit Hospital Internacional, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrera-Ceballos
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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Vaupel P, Piazena H, Müller W, Notter M. Biophysical and photobiological basics of water-filtered infrared-A hyperthermia of superficial tumors. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 35:26-36. [PMID: 29745269 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1469169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermography-controlled, water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) is a novel, effective and approved heating technique listed in the ESHO quality assurance guidelines for superficial hyperthermia clinical trials (2017). In order to assess the special features and the potential of wIRA-hyperthermia (wIRA-HT), detailed and updated information about its physical and photobiological background is presented. wIRA allows for (a) application of high irradiances without skin pain and acute grade 2-4 skin toxicities, (b) prolonged, therapeutically relevant exposure times using high irradiances (150-200 mW/cm2) and (c) faster and deeper heat extension within tissues. The deeper radiative penetration depth is mainly caused by forward Mie-scattering. At skin surface temperatures of 42-43 °C, the effective heating depth is 15 mm (T ≥ 40 °C) and 20 mm (T ≥ 39.5 °C). Advantages of wIRA include its contact-free energy input, easy power steering by a feed-back loop, extendable treatment fields, real-time and noninvasive surface temperature monitoring with observation of dynamic changes during HT, and - if necessary - rapid protection of temperature-sensitive structures. wIRA makes the compliant heating of ulcerated and/or bleeding tumors possible, allows for HT of irregularly shaped and diffusely spreading tumors, is independent of individual body contours, allows for very short 'transits' between HT and RT (1-4 min) or continuous heating between both therapeutic interventions. New treatment options for wIRA-HT may include malignant melanoma, vulvar carcinoma, skin metastases of different primary tumors, cutaneous T-and B-cell lymphoma, large-area hemangiomatosis, inoperable squamous cell, basal cell and eccrine carcinoma of the skin with depth extensions ≤20 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vaupel
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy , Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM) , München , Germany
| | - Helmut Piazena
- b Medical Photobiology Group, Department of Internal Medicine , Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- c Physical Optics Consultant Office , Wetzlar , Germany
| | - Markus Notter
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , Lindenhofspital , Bern , Switzerland
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de Gálvez MV, Aguilera J, Sánchez-Roldán C, Herrera-Ceballos E. Infrared radiation increases skin damage induced by other wavelengths in solar urticaria. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2018; 32:284-290. [PMID: 27622861 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodermatoses are typically investigated by analyzing the individual or combined effects of ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and visible light using light sources that simulate portions of the solar spectrum. Infrared radiation (IRR), however, accounts for 53% of incident solar radiation, but its effects are not taken into account in standard phototest protocols. AIMS The aim was to analyze the effects of IRR, alone and combined with UVA and visible light on solar urticaria lesions, with a distinction between infrared A (IRA) and infrared B (IRB). METHODS We performed standard phototests with UVA and visible light in four patients with solar urticaria and also tested the effects after blocking IRB with a water filter. To analyze the direct effect of IRR, we performed phototests with IRA and IRB. RESULTS Initial standard phototests that were all positive found the induction of erythema and whealing, while when IRR was blocked from the UVA and visible light sources, three of the patients developed no lesions, while the fourth developed a very small wheal. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IRR has the potential to produce and exacerbate lesions caused by other types of radiation. Consideration of these effects during phototesting could help prevent diagnostic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria de Gálvez
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Aguilera
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Roldán
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Herrera-Ceballos
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory, Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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Hoffmann G. Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) overcomes swallowing disorders and hypersalivation - a case report. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2017; 15:Doc11. [PMID: 28794695 PMCID: PMC5547272 DOI: 10.3205/000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Case description: A patient with a Barrett oesophageal carcinoma and a resection of the oesophagus with gastric pull-up developed swallowing disorders 6 years and 2 months after the operation. Within 1 year and 7 months two recurrences of the tumor at the anastomosis were found and treated with combined chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy respectively. 7 years and 9 months after the operation local tumor masses and destruction were present with no ability to orally drink or eat (full feeding by jejunal PEG tube): quality of life was poor, as saliva and mucus were very viscous (pulling filaments) and could not be swallowed and had to be spat out throughout the day and night resulting in short periods of sleep (awaking from the necessity to spit out). In total the situation was interpreted more as a problem related to a feeling of choking (with food or fluid) in the sense of a functional dysphagia rather than as a swallowing disorder from a structural stenosis. At that time acetylcysteine (2 times 200 mg per day, given via the PEG tube) and irradiation with water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA), a special form of heat radiation, of the ventral part of the neck and the thorax were added to the therapy. Within 1 day with acetylcysteine saliva and mucus became less viscous. Within 2 days with wIRA (one day with 4 to 5 hours with irradiation with wIRA at home) salivation decreased markedly and quality of life clearly improved: For the first time the patient slept without interruption and without the need for sleep-inducing medication. After 5 days with wIRA the patient could eat his first soft dumpling although drinking of fluids was still not possible. After 2½ weeks with wIRA the patient could eat his first minced schnitzel (escalope). Following the commencement of wIRA (with typically approximately 90-150 minutes irradiation with wIRA per day) the patient had 8 months with good quality of life with only small amounts of liquid saliva and mucus and without the necessity to spit out. During this period the patient was able to sleep during the night. Discussion: The main physiological effects of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) are: wIRA increases tissue temperature, tissue oxygen partial pressure and tissue perfusion markedly. The five main clinical effects of wIRA are: wIRA decreases pain, inflammation and exudation/hypersecretion, and promotes infection defense and regeneration, all in a cross-indication manner. Therefore there is a wide range of indications for wIRA. The effects of wIRA are based on both its thermal effects (relying on transfer of heat energy) and thermic effects (temperature-dependent effects, occurring together with temperature changes) as well as on non-thermal and temperature-independent effects like direct effects on cells, cell structures or cell substances. Conclusion: Besides in a variety of other indications for wIRA, in cases of swallowing disorders (functional dysphagia) and hypersalivation or hypersecretion of mucus the use of wIRA should be considered as part of the treatment regime for improving a patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Hoffmann
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Quistorf JC, Kockott D, Garbe B, Heinrich U, Tronnier H, Braun N. Development of an in vitro Test Procedure to Determine the Direct Infrared A Protection of Sunscreens and Non-Cosmetic Samples. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 30:171-179. [PMID: 28558374 DOI: 10.1159/000475474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every day human skin is exposed to infrared A (IRA) radiation as part of the natural sun rays. As IRA radiation accounts for around one third of the solar radiation, it has gained great attention concerning its effects on the human body and skin. In the past few years it has been discussed controversially whether IRA radiation (of solar origin) is harmful or not. Nonetheless, there are several sunscreens on the German market that claim IRA protection for themselves. AIMS The present study seeks to find an experimental set-up and a test procedure for the determination and quantification of direct IRA protection (realized via reflection or absorption of the IRA radiation), since to our knowledge these do not yet exist. METHODS In this study we proved the usability of a set-up consisting of a light source, an IRA-transmissible filter system and a sensor unit, for the determination and quantification of the IRA protection of cosmetic and non-cosmetic samples. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The applicability of the IRA emission of the light source, the spectral detector, transmissivity of the filter systems and the sample carriers could be validated. This experimental set-up can be used as an in vitro test procedure for the determination of direct IRA protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Carlos Quistorf
- Institute for Experimental Dermatology, DermaTronnier, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Wilczyński S, Deda A, Koprowski R, Banyś A, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. The Use of Directional Reflectance Measurement for in vivo Assessment of Protective Properties of Cosmetics in the Infrared Radiation Range. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1303-1311. [PMID: 28471503 DOI: 10.1111/php.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoprotection of skin is now focused on UV radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo cosmetic products in terms of protection against infrared radiation (IR) and propose a methodology for conducting such measurements. The directional reflectance (DR) of 12 UV filters, six care creams and two preparations containing fumed silica applied on the forearm of 36 volunteers was examined in six spectral bands for two angles of incidence. SOC-410 Directional Hemispherical Reflectometer was used to measure DR. There is very little change in DR for all spectral bands for both incident angles for both UV filters, care creams and preparations containing fumed silica. For example, for 15% of fumed silica in glycerin for the spectral band of 0.9-1.1 μm and the incident angle of 20°, skin DR prior to application was 0.543; 5 min after application was 0.533 and 30 min after application was 0.559. Both UV filters, care creams and fumed silica do not protect skin against IR. The proposed method of in vivo measurements is superior to in vitro studies which have been conducted so far because it takes into account both the refractive index at the tissue/air interface and the absorption of IR by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Deda
- Department of Skin Structural Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Robert Koprowski
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Banyś
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Portantiolo Lettnin A, Teixeira Santos Figueiredo Salgado M, Gonsalez Cruz C, Manoel Rodrigues da Silva-Júnior F, Cunha Gonzalez V, de Souza Votto AP, Santos Trindade G, de Moraes Vaz Batista Filgueira D. Protective effect of infrared-A radiation against damage induced by UVB radiation in the melan-a cell line. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hoffmann G, Hartel M, Mercer JB. Heat for wounds - water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) for wound healing - a review. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2016; 14:Doc08. [PMID: 27408610 PMCID: PMC4928028 DOI: 10.3205/000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) is a special form of heat radiation with high tissue penetration and a low thermal load to the skin surface. wIRA corresponds to the major part of the sun’s heat radiation, which reaches the surface of the Earth in moderate climatic zones filtered by water and water vapour of the atmosphere. wIRA promotes healing of acute and chronic wounds both by thermal and thermic as well as by non-thermal and non-thermic cellular effects. Methods: This publication includes a literature review with search in PubMed/Medline for “water-filtered infrared-A” and “wound”/”ulcus” or “wassergefiltertes Infrarot A” and “Wunde”/”Ulkus”, respectively (publications in English and German), and additional analysis of study data. Seven prospective clinical studies (of these six randomized controlled trials (RCT), the largest study with n=400 patients) were identified and included. All randomized controlled clinical trials compare a combination of high standard care plus wIRA treatment vs. high standard care alone. The results below marked with “vs.” present these comparisons. Results: wIRA increases tissue temperature (+2.7°C at a tissue depth of 2 cm), tissue oxygen partial pressure (+32% at a tissue depth of 2 cm) and tissue perfusion (effect sizes within the wIRA group). wIRA promotes normal as well as disturbed wound healing by diminishing inflammation and exudation, by promotion of infection defense and regeneration, and by alleviation of pain (with respect to alleviation of pain, without any exception during 230 irradiations, 13.4 vs. 0.0 on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0–100), median difference between groups 13.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.3/16.7, p<0.000001) with a substantially reduced need for analgesics (52–69% less in the three groups with wIRA compared to the three control groups in visceral surgery, p=0.000020 and 0.00037 and 0.0045, respectively; total of 6 vs. 14.5 analgesic tablets on 6 surveyed days (of weeks 1–6) in chronic venous stasis ulcers, median difference –8, 95% CI –10/–5, p=0.000002).
Further effects are: Faster reduction of wound area (in severely burned children: 90% reduction of wound size after 9 vs. 13 days, after 9 days 89.2% vs. 49.5% reduction in wound area, median difference 39.5% wound area reduction, 95% CI 36.7%/42.2%, p=0.000011; complete wound closure of chronic venous stasis ulcers after 14 vs. 42 days, median difference –21 days, 95% CI –28/–10, p=0.000005). Better overall evaluation of wound healing (surgical wounds: 88.6 vs. 78.5 on a VAS 0–100, median difference 8.9, 95% CI 6.1/12.0, p<0.000001). Better overall evaluation of the effect of irradiation (79.0 vs. 46.8 on a VAS 0–100 with 50 as neutral point, median difference 27.9, 95% CI 19.8/34.6, p<0.000001). Higher tissue oxygen partial pressure during irradiation with wIRA (at a tissue depth of 2 cm 41.6 vs. 30.2 mmHg, median difference 11.9 mmHg, 95% CI 9.6/14.2 mmHg, p<0.000001). Higher tissue temperature during irradiation with wIRA (at a tissue depth of 2 cm 38.9 vs. 36.4°C, median difference 2.6°C, 95% CI 2.2/2.9°C, p<0.000001). Better cosmetic result (84.5 vs. 76.5 on a VAS 0–100, median difference 7.9, 95% CI 3.7/12.0, p=0.00027). Lower wound infection rate (single preoperative irradiation: 5.1% vs. 12.1% wound infections in total, difference –7.0%, 95% CI –12.8%/–1.3%, p=0.017, of these: late wound infections (postoperative days 9-30) 1.7% vs. 7.7%, difference –6.0%, 95% CI –10.3%/–1.7%, p=0.007). Shorter hospital stay (9 vs. 11 postoperative days, median difference –2 days, 95% CI –3/0 days, p=0.022).
Most of the effects have been proven with an evidence level of 1a or 1b. Conclusion: Water-filtered infrared-A is a useful complement for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Hoffmann
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mark Hartel
- Department of Surgery, Klinikzentrum Mitte, Dortmund, Germany
| | - James B Mercer
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Barolet D, Christiaens F, Hamblin MR. Infrared and skin: Friend or foe. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 155:78-85. [PMID: 26745730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, it has been proposed that the sun's IR-A wavelengths might be deleterious to human skin and that sunscreens, in addition to their desired effect to protect against UV-B and UV-A, should also protect against IR-A (and perhaps even visible light). Several studies showed that NIR may damage skin collagen content via an increase inMMP-1 activity in the same manner as is known for UVR. Unfortunately, the artificial NIR light sources used in such studies were not representative of the solar irradiance. Yet, little has been said about the other side of the coin. This article will focus on key information suggesting that IR-A may be more beneficial than deleterious when the skin is exposed to the appropriate irradiance/dose of IR-A radiation similar to daily sun exposure received by people in real life.IR-A might even precondition the skin--a process called photo prevention--from an evolutionary standpoint since exposure to early morning IR-A wavelengths in sunlight may ready the skin for the coming mid-day deleterious UVR. Consequently IR-A appears to be the solution, not the problem. It does more good than bad for the skin. It is essentially a question of intensity and how we can learn from the sun. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barolet
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Division, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada; RoseLab Skin Optics Laboratory, LavalH7T 0G3, Canada.
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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