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Noreen A, Anwar Z, Ahsan Ejaz M, Usmani M, Khan T, Ali Sheraz M, Ahmed S, Mirza T, Khurshid A, Ahmad I. Riboflavin (vitamin B 2) sensitized photooxidation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C): A kinetic study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123813. [PMID: 38198998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AH2) photoxidation sensitized by riboflavin (RF) has been studied between pH 2.0 and 12.0 in ambient air and anaerobic environment using UV and visible irradiation sources. The kinetics of AH2 degradation in aqueous medium along with RF is found to be first-order for its photodegradation. AH2 photolysis rate constants in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with RF (1.0-5.0 × 10-5 M) are 0.14-3.89 × 10-2 and 0.026-0.740 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The rate constants (k2) of second-order kinetics for AH2 and RF photochemical interaction in aerobic and anaerobic conditions are in the range of 0.24-3.70 to 0.05-0.70 × 10-3 M-1 min-1, respectively, which manifests that increasing the RF concentration also increases the rate of photodegradation (photooxidation) of AH2. The k2 versus pH graph is bell-shaped which indicates that increasing the pH increases photolytic degradation rate of AH2 with RF. Increasing the pH results in the increased ionization of AH2 (ascorbyl anion, AH-) and redox potential which leads to the higher rates of photodegradation of AH2. Two-component spectrophotometric (243 and 266 nm, AH2 and RF, respectively) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been used to determine the concentration of AH2 and RF in pure and degraded solutions. The results obtained from these two methods are compared using a student t-test which showed no noteworthy difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Noreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Muneeba Usmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Allama I.I., Kazi Campus, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Tania Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
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Mehrabanpour N, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Ghattavi S. Cefotaxime degradation by the coupled binary CdS-PbS: characterization and the photocatalytic process kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33725-33736. [PMID: 36495433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased water pollution due to discharging industrial/urban/hospital wastewater has been adopted to introduce/develop novel removal techniques/catalyst/adsorbent. The hexagonal (wurtzite) CdS and the cubic PbS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized, coupled, and supported onto clinoptilolite NPs (CNP). Then, the sample was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX) techniques. The average crystallite size for CdS NPs, PbS NPs, CNP, and CdS-PbS/CNP samples was obtained at about 24, 36, 27, and 14 nm using the Scherrer formula value of nanometer, by the W-H formula, 31, 17, 39, and 51, respectively. Only a detectable slope can be observed from the DRS spectra for CdS NPs at 591 nm corresponding to an Eg value of 2.1 eV. PbS NPs have a broad abruption peak that begins from the visible region and extends to the IR region of the light. A boosted photocatalytic activity of the supported binary catalysts towards cefotaxime (CT) was reached. An apparent first kinetic model was reached with a k-value of 0.021 min-1 corresponding to the t1/2 value of 33 min. A decreased COD trend for the photodegraded CT solutions was reached, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) results in the Hinshelwood model showed a k-value of 0.016 min-1, corresponding to a t1/2 value of 43 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najme Mehrabanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Shirin Ghattavi
- Department of Chemistry, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Mehrabanpour N, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Ghattavi S. The boosted photocatalytic effects of a zeolite supported CdS towards an antibiotic model pollutant: a brief kinetics study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5089-5102. [PMID: 35978238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, increased world population and industrial activities explosively polluted our environment, especially the aquatic resources. This requires introducing/developing novel methods to decrease the pollution extent of such resources. Here, the hexagonal (wurtzite) CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and supported onto ball-mill prepared clinoptilolite NPs (CNP). Samples were briefly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The average crystallite size for CdS NPs and CdS-CNP samples was estimated to be about 9.0 nm and 12.3 nm (from the Scherrer formula) and about 19.7 and 17.5 nm (from the Williamson-Hall model), respectively. From the DRS spectra, the absorption wavelengths of 595 and 546 nm correspond to band gap energies of 2.08, and 2.27 eV was obtained for CdS NPs and CdS-CNP samples. The samples were then used in the photodegradation of cefotaxime (CT), and the results showed a boosted photocatalytic activity for CdS-CNP rather than CdS NPs. The photodegradation process obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the CdS and CdS-CNP catalysts obtained the k-values of 0.013 min-1 and 0.023 min-1. When the photodegraded CT solutions were used in COD experiments, the k-values changed to 0.011 min-1 and 0.029 min-1, respectively. The zeolite support is an eco-friendly natural zeolite with abundant deposits in Iran that yields a cost-effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najme Mehrabanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Shirin Ghattavi
- Department of Chemistry, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Karungamye P, Rugaika A, Mtei K, Machunda R. A Review of Methods for Removal of Ceftriaxone from Wastewater. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:223-235. [PMID: 35997364 PMCID: PMC9397013 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater poses a threat to public health and has significant effects on the ecosystem. Since most wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at removing molecules efficiently, some pharmaceuticals enter aquatic ecosystems, thus creating issues such as antibiotic resistance and toxicity. This review summarizes the methods used for the removal of ceftriaxone antibiotics from aquatic environments. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in many countries, including Tanzania. Ceftriaxone has been reported to be less or not degraded in traditional wastewater treatment of domestic sewage. This has piqued the interest of researchers in the monitoring and removal of ceftriaxone from wastewater. Its removal from aqueous systems has been studied using a variety of methods which include physical, biological, and chemical processes. As a result, information about ceftriaxone has been gathered from many sources with the searched themes being ceftriaxone in wastewater, ceftriaxone analysis, and ceftriaxone removal or degradation. The methods studied have been highlighted and the opportunities for future research have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Karungamye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Dodoma (UDOM), Dodoma P.O. Box 338, Tanzania
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +255-763750792
| | - Anita Rugaika
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Kelvin Mtei
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Revocatus Machunda
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
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Pavanello A, Miranda MA, Marin ML. Organic photoredox catalysts for wastewater remediation: Beyond the established advanced oxidation processes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Niu Y, Yin Y, Xu R, Yang Z, Wang J, Xu D, Yuan Y, Han J, Wang H. Electrocatalytic oxidation of low concentration cefotaxime sodium wastewater using Ti/SnO 2-RuO 2 electrode: Feasibility analysis and degradation mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134146. [PMID: 35231478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, Ti/SnO2-RuO2 stable anode was successfully prepared by thermal decomposition method, and low concentration cefotaxime sodium (CFX) was degraded by green and sustainable electrocatalytic oxidation technology. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the Ti/SnO2-RuO2 coating electrode were studied according to the polarization curve of oxygen and chlorine evolution. The effects of current density, initial concentration, pH, electrolyte concentration, and other technological parameters on the degradation efficiency were discussed. Orthogonal experiment results indicated that when the current density was 25 mA cm-2, concentration of electrolyte was 5 mM and the pH value was 7, the best CFX removal rate of 86.33% could be obtained. The degradation efficiency of electrocatalytic oxidation was discussed through electrochemical analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the different inlet and outlet stages before and after the degradation of CFX, and the possible degradation process was discussed. Therefore, the electrocatalytic oxidation of Ti/SnO2-RuO2 electrode was a clean and efficient technology, which could be widely used in the treatment of CFX wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Niu
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Yue Yin
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Runyu Xu
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Zhinian Yang
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Jinlong Han
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, Tangshan, PR China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China.
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Pavanello A, Fabbri D, Calza P, Battiston D, Miranda MA, Marin ML. Biomimetic photooxidation of noscapine sensitized by a riboflavin derivative in water: The combined role of natural dyes and solar light in environmental remediation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 229:112415. [PMID: 35231758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Noscapine (NSC) is a benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid discovered in 1930 as an antitussive agent. Recently, NSC has also been reported to exhibit antitumor activity and, according to computational studies, it is able to attack the protease enzyme of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and thus could be used as antiviral for COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, an increasing use of this drug could be envisaged in the coming years. NSC is readily metabolized with a half-life of 4.5 h giving rise to cotarnine, hydrocotarnine, and meconine, arising from the oxidative breaking of the CC bond between isoquinoline and phthalide moieties. Because of its potentially increasing use, high concentrations of NSC but also its metabolites will be delivered in the environment and potentially affect natural ecosystems. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the degradation of NSC in the presence of naturally occurring photocatalysts. As a matter of fact, the present contribution has demonstrated that NSC can be efficiently degraded in the presence of a derivative of the natural organic dye Riboflavin (RFTA) upon exposure to visible light. Indeed, a detailed study of the mechanism involved in the photodegradation revealed the similarities between the biomimetic and the photocatalyzed processes. In fact, the main photoproducts of NSC were identified as cotarnine and opianic acid based on a careful UPLC-MS2 analysis compared to the independently synthesized standards. The former is coincident with one of the main metabolites obtained in humans, whereas the latter is related to meconine, a second major metabolite of NSC. Photophysical experiments demonstrated that the observed oxidative cleavage is mediated mainly by singlet oxygen in a medium in which the lifetime of 1O2 is long enough, or by electron transfer to the triplet excited state of RFTA if the photodegradation occurs in aqueous media, where the 1O2 lifetime is very short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pavanello
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, E-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Calza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Debora Battiston
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, E-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Marin
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, E-46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Zhu L, Li C, Wang D. A novel ultraviolet illumination used in riboflavin photochemical method to inactivate drug-resistant bacteria in blood components. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 204:111782. [PMID: 32062389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent lamp (FL) was applied in mainstream riboflavin photochemical method (RPM) to inactivate pathogens in blood components. Low UV irradiance emitted by UV-FL resulted in more time to achieve effective inactivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel light emitting diode (LED) UV illumination with adjustable irradiance was developed by us. Two strains of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB), pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were cultured and used for evaluating the inactivation effectiveness of RPM using UV-LED or UV-FL against DRB in plasma or platelets. Three plasma factors and four platelet parameters were measured after treatments. RESULTS There was a linear relationship between UV-LED irradiance and electric current, the minimum UV irradiance was 24 mW/cm2, and the maximum was 258 mW/cm2. At the same UV dose of 15 J/cm2, inactivation effectiveness of UV-LED with 258 mW/cm2 against PDRAB in plasma or platelets were comparable to that of UV-FL with 16 mW/cm2, both above 98%. UV-FL treatment required 10-15 min, but UV-LED only required 1-2 min. However, MRSA showed a resistance to UV-LED (inactivation effectiveness was around 40%) compared with UV-FL (inactivation effectiveness was above 98%). The retention of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII in plasma and platelet counts in platelets with UV-LED treatment were significantly higher than UV-FL at the same UV dose. CONCLUSION The treatment of RPM using UV-LED with high UV irradiance was able to dramatically shorten inactivation time against PDRAB in plasma or platelets and improve retention of blood components compared with UV-FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.26 Huacai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.26 Huacai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, China.
| | - Deqing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Anwar Z, Sheraz MA, Ahmed S, Mustaan N, Khurshid A, Gul W, Khattak SUR, Ahmad I. Photolysis of thiochrome in aqueous solution: A kinetic study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 203:111766. [PMID: 31927488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of thiochrome (THC), an oxidation product of thiamine (vitamin B1) (THE), used for its fluorimetric assay, has been studied in the pH range 7.0-12.0. THC undergoes photooxidation to oxodihydrothiochrome (ODTHC) which is oxidized to a non-fluorescent compound (OP1) on UV irradiation. The kinetics of the consecutive first-order reactions: THC→k1ODTHC→k2OP1, has been evaluated and the values of first-order rate constants, k1 (0.58-4.20 × 10-5, s-1) and k2 (0.05-2.03 × 10-5, s-1), at pH 7.0-12.0 have been determined. The rates of degradation of THC and ODTHC are enhanced with pH and the second-order rate constants k1' and k2' for the OH- ion-catalyzed reaction are in the range of 0.002-58.3 M-1 s-1. The quantum yields of the photolysis of THC and ODTHC in the pH range 7.0-12.0 have been determined. THC, ODTHC and OP1 have been identified by chromatographic, spectrometric and fluorimetric methods. THC and ODTHC have similar fluorescence characteristics and emit at 450 and 445 nm, respectively. THC, ODTHC and OP1 with distinct absorption maxima (370, 344 and 290 nm, respectively) have been determined by a newly developed and validated multicomponent spectrometric method during the photolysis reactions. The on-line formation of THC by the photooxidation of THE may lead to the degradation of THC and give erroneous results in the fluorimetric assay of THE. A scheme for the photolysis reactions of THC in aqueous solution is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Anwar
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, near Toll Plaza, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, near Toll Plaza, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, near Toll Plaza, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Mustaan
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, near Toll Plaza, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Khurshid
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, near Toll Plaza, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman Khattak
- Central Drug Laboratories, Ministry of Health, DRAP, Block-B, S.M.C.H., Karachi 74400, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, near Toll Plaza, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
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Challier C, Laurella S, Allegretti P, Sabini C, Sabini L, García NA, Biasutti A, Criado S. Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Degradation of Antidiabetic Compounds: Cytotoxic Implications of Their Photodegradation Products. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1151-1158. [PMID: 30066952 DOI: 10.1111/php.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been described in their double physiological function, helping in the maintenance of health as well as contributing to oxidative stress. Diabetes mellitus is a chronical disease nearly related to oxidative stress, whose treatment (in type II variant) consists in the administration of antidiabetic compounds (Andb) such as Gliclazide (Gli) and Glipizide (Glip). In this context, as Andb may be exposed to high ROS concentrations in diabetic patients, we have studied the potential ROS-mediated degradation of Gli and Glip through photosensitized processes, in the presence of Riboflavin (Rf) vitamin. We found that singlet oxygen (O2 (1 ∆g )) participated in the Rf-sensitized photodegradation of both Andb, and also superoxide radical anion in the case of Gli. Two principal products derived from O2 (1 ∆g )-mediated degradation of Gli were identified and their chemical structures characterized, through HPLC mass spectrometry. O2 (1 ∆g )-mediated degradation products and their toxicity was assayed on Vero cell line. These studies demonstrated that neither Gli nor its photoproducts caused cytotoxic effect under the experimental conditions assayed. Our results show strong evidences of ROS-mediated Andb degradation, which may involve the reduction or loss of their therapeutic action, as well as potential cytotoxicity derived from their oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Challier
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Sergio Laurella
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia Allegretti
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carola Sabini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Liliana Sabini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Norman A García
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Alicia Biasutti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Susana Criado
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Yegane Badi M, Azari A, Pasalari H, Esrafili A, Farzadkia M. Modification of activated carbon with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle composite for removal of ceftriaxone from aquatic solutions. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cacciari RD, Reynoso E, Montejano HA, Biasutti MA. Photodegradation of prednisolone under UVB solar irradiation. Role of photogenerated ROS in the degradation mechanism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1717-1726. [PMID: 29072760 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of biologically active substances with anti-inflammatory properties such as corticosteroids has increased considerably in the last few decades. Particularly, the compound we are interested in, prednisolone (Predn), is a glucocorticoid with high biological activity. This compound absorbs UV radiation and may participate in photochemical processes, which can result in its own decomposition. These processes could result in the formation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). On these grounds, the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the direct photodegradation of Predn have been studied in aqueous medium under different atmospheric conditions by stationary and time-resolved techniques. The mechanism involved in the photodegradation has been elucidated. Predn is capable of generating the excited triplet state 3Predn* as a result of UVB light absorption. In the presence of oxygen, 3Predn* allows the formation of ROS, of which O2(1Δg) (ΦΔ = 0.014), H2O2 and the radical OH˙ stand out. The latter is generated from the spontaneous dismutation of O2˙- and subsequent homolytic cleavage, photochemically promoted, of H2O2. Predn undergoes unimolecular photodegradation reactions under an inert argon atmosphere. In this study we found that in the presence of oxygen, the Predn photo-consumption is improved. This implies that the attack by ROS involves a very important additional contribution to the photodegradation of Predn under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Cacciari
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Barua MG, Escalada JP, Bregliani M, Pajares A, Criado S. Antioxidant capacity of (+)-catechin visible-light photoirradiated in the presence of vitamin B 2. Redox Rep 2017; 22:282-289. [PMID: 27712465 PMCID: PMC6837740 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1240287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Catechins are important components of human diet and have received special attention due to their antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this paper was to study the antioxidant action of (+)-catechin (CTQ) in the presence of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) as light-absorbing agent. Furthermore, two model compounds, catechol (CTC) and resorcinol (RSC), were selected in order to elucidate the reactive target of the CTQ molecule. The influence of pH-medium was investigated. METHODS Stationary photolysis, polarographic detection of dissolved oxygen, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavengers, time-resolved near-IR phosphorescence detection, stationary, and time-resolved fluorescence and laser flash photolysis techniques were employed. RESULTS CTQ interacts with riboflavin under visible-light photoirradiation as well as with different ROS which are generated in this mechanism. Radical-scavenging activity increases with increasing of pH-medium. DISCUSSION pH-effect of the medium on radical-scavenging activity comes from the increased electron-donating ability of CTQ upon deprotonation. These results are very interesting due to the fact that the pH of the food products displays important variations. The [Formula: see text]-scavenging ability of CTQ, would be equal to the additive contribution of each reactive center, CTC, and RSC, present at the molecule of CTQ. However, CTQ would have a moderate ability to removal of [Formula: see text]-species at pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Barua
- Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - J. P. Escalada
- Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - M. Bregliani
- Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - A. Pajares
- Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - S. Criado
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Cacciari D, Reynoso E, Spesia MB, Criado S, Biasutti MA. Vancomycin-sensitized photooxidation in the presence of the natural pigment vitamin B 2: Interaction with excited states and photogenerated ROS. Redox Rep 2017; 22:166-175. [PMID: 27082285 PMCID: PMC6837406 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1169621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitized photooxidation processes in the presence of natural pigments may provide an alternative to antibiotics degradation since these compounds are transparent to natural light irradiation, therefore, they can be degraded by the action of photosensitizers which absorb light and produce highly reactive species, especially those derived from molecular oxygen (ROS). Most antibiotics used currently belong to a group of pharmaceutical substances that have been considered a new type of contaminants due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. OBJECTIVE In this context, we decided to investigate the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of Vancomycin (Vanco) photosensitized degradation in the presence of the natural pigment Riboflavin (Vitamin B2, Rf) and the artificial dye Rose Bengal (RB) for comparative purposes. METHODS The study have been done by using Stationary photolysis, Laser flash photolysis, Time-resolved phosphorence detection of O2(1Δg) experiments and Bactericidal activity evaluation. The experiments were carried out in aqueous solution at different pH values in order to establish relationships between the structure of the compound and its susceptibility to ROS-mediated photooxidation. RESULTS Experimental evidence indicates that in the presence of Rf there is considerable contribution of the radical-mediated mechanism, while in the presence of RB the photooxidation process occurs exclusively through O2(1Δg) and the reactivity to this excited species increases with increasing pH of the environment. DISCUSSION The results obtained, have been shown that Rf can raise the photodegradation of Vanco by both the radical pathway and the O2(1Δg) mediated. Furthermore, the antibiotic is able to interact with the excited electronic states of Rf as well as O2(1Δg) generated by energy transfer between the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer and the oxygen ground state. The predominant mechanism for photodegradation of Vanco in the presence of the Rf is the radical via because of the considerable interaction with the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer demonstrated by laser flash photolysis experiments. Microbiological test on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 showed that the bactericidal activity of the antibiotic on the strain studied was affected by the sensitized photodegradation process, suggesting that photoproducts generated eventually do not retain the bactericidal properties of the original antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Cacciari
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - E. Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - M. B. Spesia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - S. Criado
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - M. A. Biasutti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Argentina
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Visible light-mediated photodegradation of imidazoline drugs in the presence of Riboflavin: Possible undesired effects on imidazoline-based eye drops. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Uchida A, Onoue S, Ohtake H, Seto Y, Teramatsu T, Terajima T, Oguchi T. Photochemical Mechanism of Riboflavin-Induced Degradation of Famotidine and a Suggested Pharmaceutical Strategy for Improving Photostability. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:741-746. [PMID: 26505739 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the mechanism of photodegradation of famotidine with riboflavin (FMT/RF), and to develop a photochemically stabilized formulation of FMT/RF. Photochemical properties of RF were characterized by UV-VIS spectral analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and photostability testing. Pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rats after intravenous administration of FMT (1 mg/kg) formulation containing RF (0.01 mg/kg). The UV-VIS spectral pattern of RF partly overlapped with the sunlight spectrum, and ROS generation from photoirradiated RF was remarkable; thus, RF had high photoreactive potential. In the photostability testing, after irradiation (250 W/m(2)), degradation rate for FMT in FMT/RF was ca. 11-fold higher than that in FMT alone. The addition of radical scavengers to FMT/RF led to attenuated photodegradation of FMT/RF; in particular, the addition of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C; VC) to FMT/RF showed ca. 86% inhibition of the photodegradation of FMT/RF. The pharmacokinetic study on FMT indicated that the addition of VC (1 mg/kg) to FMT/RF had no significant impact on the pharmacokinetic behavior of FMT. These findings suggest that ROS-mediated photochemical reaction would be involved in the photodegradation pathway of FMT/RF, and the complementary use of VC might be an attractive approach to improve the photostability of FMT/RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohtake
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Seto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Teramatsu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tomoko Terajima
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshio Oguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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