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Khodabakhshi A, Davoodi SH, Vahid F. Vitamin D status, including serum levels and sun exposure are associated or correlated with bone mass measurements diagnosis, and bone density of the spine. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 36918953 PMCID: PMC10013235 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a health complication worldwide, especially in developing countries. The prevalence was reported to be 18.3% globally. While the effect of biochemical factors on fracture risk/odds has been documented, the association/correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels, vitamin D dietary intake, and sun exposure with bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association and correlation between vitamin D status, including serum levels, dietary intakes, and sun exposure with BMD. We hypothesized that vitamin D-related factors would have different correlations/associations with BMD, which would help better evaluate future studies' results. METHODS A total of 186 individuals were included in this study (winter 2020). BMD was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood serum levels of 25(OH)D, phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin were tested using standard lab tests. Valid and reliable questionnaires were used for sun exposure assessment and dietary intakes. RESULTS There was a significant protective association between spine BMD (classifications, two groups) (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50-0.94; p-value = 0.023), BMD diagnosis (classifications, two groups) (OR = 0. 69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.87; p-value = 0.036) and sun exposure. There was a significant and moderate correlation between Spine measurements (Spine BMD: Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.302, p-value = 0.046; Spine T-score: Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.322, p-value = 0.033, Spine Z-score: Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.328, p-value = 0.030) and serum 25(OH)D. In addition, participants with osteopenia and osteoporosis significantly consume a higher amount of soluble fiber than the normal BMD group. There was no significant correlation between vitamin D intake and BMD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D levels and sun exposure are correlated and associated with BMD. However, prospective studies are needed to investigate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Khodabakhshi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg. .,Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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2
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Han J, Jang Y, Shin DY, Lee J, Seo YR. A Genomic Approach to Identify the Different between Acute and Chronic UVB Exposures in the Causation of Inflammation and Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:199-207. [PMID: 36713944 PMCID: PMC9836911 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a principal component of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure can be harmful depending on the duration and intensity because the human body can easily be exposed to it. Many studies have demonstrated that UVB causes a series of inflammatory and other skin disorders. UVB has been classified as the Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Diverse studies have focused on UVB exposure but the complex perspective of acute and chronic UVB exposure is still lacking. This review presents the differences between acute and chronic exposure to UVB and summarizes public information in terms of toxicogenomic characteristics. We also demonstrated the differences between adverse effects of acute and chronic UVB exposure on the skin system. From the published literatures, we compared the biological pathways predict of the adverse effects caused by each UVB exposure type. Furthermore, our review not only clarifies the differences in each UVB exposure network but also suggests major hub genes related to cellular mechanisms and diseases that are thought to be affected by acute and chronic UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunPyo Han
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Yeop Shin
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea,Correspondence to Young Rok Seo, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-4073
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3
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Calvache Ruales MF, Westerhausen S, Zapata Gallo HA, Strehl B, Naza Guzman SD, Versteeg H, Stöppelmann W, Wittlich M. UVR Exposure and Prevention of Street Construction Workers in Colombia and Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127259. [PMID: 35742508 PMCID: PMC9223545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
(1) Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a major risk factor for developing skin cancer after years of chronic exposure. The irradiation is strongly dependent upon the activity or occupation carried out, but also on the climate conditions at the workplace. Knowledge of both has been tested within the occupational group of road construction workers in Colombia and Germany. (2) The GENESIS-UV measurement system has been used at both locations for consistency. A number of workers in both countries wore an electronic data logging dosimeter for several months to deliver detailed information on UVR exposure. (3) It was found that in a tropical climate, UVR exposure remains constant throughout the year, while in a temperate climate seasonal effects are visible, superimposed by behavioural aspects e.g., in springtime. The daily distribution of the radiation shows a distinct dip, especially in the Colombian data. Derived data show the high fraction of working days exceeding a threshold set by the skin type. (4) Road construction work involves high UVR exposure. In both countries, preventive measures are required to reduce the personal exposure to a minimum. Exceedance of the minimal erythema dose (MED) suggests a possible enhancing effect, especially in fair skinned people. Intercomparison of UVR exposure at workplaces is possible between countries and climate zones, emphasizing efforts for global action against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Westerhausen
- Department of Ergonomics: Physical Environmental Factors, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany;
| | | | - Benjamin Strehl
- Department Accident Prevention: Digitalisation—Technologies, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany;
| | - Sergio D. Naza Guzman
- Risk Management Consultancy CGR, SURA, Cali 760046, Colombia; (M.F.C.R.); (S.D.N.G.)
| | - Helmut Versteeg
- Department Exposure and Risk Assessment, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany; (H.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Wiho Stöppelmann
- Department Exposure and Risk Assessment, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany; (H.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Marc Wittlich
- Department Accident Prevention: Digitalisation—Technologies, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-13001-3500
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4
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Soueid L, Triguero-Mas M, Dalmau A, Barrera-Gómez J, Alonso L, Basagaña X, Thieden E, Wulf HC, Diffey B, Young AR, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Dadvand P. Estimating personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure through time spent outdoors, ambient levels and modelling approaches. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:266-273. [PMID: 34403140 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on validation of surrogates applied to evaluate the personal exposure levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in epidemiological studies is scarce. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the validity of three approaches, including (i) ambient UVR levels, (ii) time spent outdoors, and (iii) a modelling approach integrating the aforementioned parameters, to estimate personal UVR exposure over a period of six months among indoor and outdoor workers and in different seasons (summer/winter). METHODS This validation study was part of the EU ICEPURE project and was performed between July 2010 and January 2011 in a convenience sample of indoor and outdoor workers in Catalunya - Spain. We developed linear regression models to quantify the variation in the objectively measured personal UVR exposure that could be explained, separately, by the ambient UVR, time spent outdoors, and modelled UVR levels. RESULTS Our 39 participants - mostly male and with a median age of 35 years- presented a median daily objectively measured UVR of 0.37 standard erythemal doses (SEDs). The UVR dose was statistically significantly higher in summer and for outdoor workers. The modelled personal UVR exposure and self-reported time spent outdoors could reasonably predict the variation in the objectively measured personal UVR levels (R2 = (0.75, 0.79)), whereas ambient UVR was a poor predictor (R2 =0.21). No notable differences were found between seasons or occupation. CONCLUSIONS Time outdoors and our modelling approach were reliable predictors and of value to be applied in epidemiological studies of the health effects of current exposure to UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soueid
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Triguero-Mas
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, ICTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Dalmau
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Barrera-Gómez
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Alonso
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Thieden
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H C Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Diffey
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - A R Young
- King's College London, St John´s Institute of Dermatology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Linde K, Wright CY, du Plessis JL. Personal Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure of Farmworkers: Seasonal and Anatomical Differences Suggest Prevention Measures Are Required. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 66:41-51. [PMID: 34302333 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Farmworkers are at risk of excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during their work activities, especially if they work in geographical areas with high ambient solar UVR levels such as in South Africa. Excess exposure to solar UVR may lead to several negative health effects such as certain cataracts and skin cancer. This study evaluated personal solar UVR exposure of a group of farmworkers to determine if they were at risk of health-related problems due to excess solar UVR exposure. METHODS Polysulphone film (PSF) badges were placed on the shoulder, arm, and top of the head of outdoor and indoor farmworkers on a macadamia nut and avocado farm in the Limpopo province for the duration of their daily work shift to evaluate their total daily solar UVR exposure. Sixteen days were assessed for each of the three, high solar UVR seasons, i.e. autumn, spring, and summer. RESULTS During autumn, farmworkers' arms received the highest solar UVR exposures (geometric mean (GM) = 7.8 SED, where 1 standard erythemal dose (SED) = 100 J/m2, 95% CI 6.1-9.8 SED) while the highest exposures were on the top of the head during spring (GM = 11.6 SED, 95% CI 7.3-17.4 SED) and summer (GM = 13.9, 95% CI 10.4-17.9 SED). Statistically significant differences in solar UVR exposure were found between the body sites during spring and summer but not autumn. CONCLUSIONS The relatively high daily solar UVR exposure levels of farmworkers suggest this occupational group is at risk of excess solar UVR exposure and preventive measures with awareness information to safeguard health is necessary for employers and employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien Linde
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.,Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Caradee Yael Wright
- Environmental and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.,Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Johannes Lodewykus du Plessis
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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6
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Abstract
During leisure time, people can decide if they want to expose themselves to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and to what extent. While working, people do not have this choice. Outdoor workers are exposed to solar UV radiation (UVR) on a daily basis. This may pose a certain health risk, which can be estimated when the personal solar UVR exposure (PE) is known. During past decades, a variety of studies were conducted to measure PE of outdoor workers and our knowledge of the PE of outdoor workers has increased remarkably. As shown by this review, studies clearly indicate that PE of most outdoor workers exceeds the internationally proposed threshold limit value, which is comparable to 1.0 to 1.3 standard erythema dose (SED), respectively, to 1.1 to 1.5 UV Index received over one hour. Besides working in a high UVR environ, monotonic workflow (limited movement, nearly static posture) is a risk factor. In such cases, PE can be higher than ambient UVR. In this review, we provide also a list of milestones, depicting the progress and the most important findings in this field during the past 45 years. However, in many respects our knowledge is still rudimentary, for several reasons. Different measuring positions have been used so that measured PE is not comparable. Few studies were designed to enable the extension of measured PE to other locations or dates. Although the importance of a proper calibration of the measuring devices in respect to the changing solar spectrum was pointed out from the beginning, this is often not performed, which leads to high uncertainties in the presented PE levels. At the end of our review, we provide some key points, which can be used to evaluate the quality of a study respectively to support the design of future studies.
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7
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Occupational exposure: rural Australian farmers’ sun-protective behaviours. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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8
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Baradaran Mahdavi S, Mansourian M, Shams E, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Dashti R, Taheri M, Kelishadi R. Association of Sunlight Exposure with Sleep Hours in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:4-14. [PMID: 31098631 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the association of sunlight exposure with sleep duration and sleep onset time in children. Data were obtained from the fifth survey of a national school-based surveillance program in Iran. Sunlight exposure time, sleep duration, sleep onset time, physical activity time, mental health status and frequency of consuming coffee and tea were recorded. Overall, 14 274 students aged 7-18 years were recruited. Sleep duration was associated positively with sex, age, body mass index and physical activity, as well as with sunlight exposure and negatively with the consumption of coffee and tea. Higher physical activity, exposure to sunlight and mental status score in children exposed to sunlight via their face, hands, arms and feet, reduced the likelihood of sleep onset time after midnight (odds ratio (OR) = 0.909, 0.741 and 0.554 respectively). Daily exposure to sunlight may increase sleep duration and advance the sleep onset time in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran.,Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran
| | - Elaheh Shams
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149779453, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Department, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran 1997755611, Iran
| | - Razieh Dashti
- Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8167636954, Iran
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9
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Corradi E, Baczynska KA, Morelii M, Giulietti D, Khazova M. Method for Measurements of Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation on Inclined Surfaces in Personal Dosimetry Field Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1454-1460. [PMID: 31172526 DOI: 10.1111/php.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is essential for the evaluation of the health risks and benefits; however, personal dosimetry could be challenging in large-scale or/and long-term population studies. Alternatively, personal exposure could be simulated using three-dimensional models and lifestyle surveys together with data on a body position with respect to the sun. These models require a real-time input on local environmental UVR. The main challenge in using this method is retrieval of the diffuse irradiance as it requires an often-expensive tracking of solar position. In this study, a hypothesis that UVR measured on a vertical plane in the north direction can be used in the UK as a proxy for diffuse radiation was tested against direct measurements and compared with models based on solar tracker data in Chilton, UK, (51.57°N) in June-July 2018. The statistical analysis over 17 days under all weather conditions showed that for 45° and 90° tilted surfaces the proposed method performed as well as the best of the models based on solar tracker data. A proposed system could offer a portable and low-cost alternative to measurements of diffuse radiation by solar tracking radiometers for spatial distribution of terrestrial erythema effective UVR in population field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Corradi
- SiHealth, Didcot, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katarzyna A Baczynska
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | | | | | - Marina Khazova
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
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10
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Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. Personal electronic UVR dosimeter measurements: specific and general uncertainties. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1461-1470. [PMID: 30958489 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) dosimetry has been performed for decades to objectively measure human exposure to UVR. These measurements have been used to investigate solar behaviour and its negative effects on human health such as skin cancer and positive effects such as vitamin D formation. A specific electronic dosimeter is described with a spectral sensitivity as the erythema response for human skin and temperature measurements for compliance control. Technical, methodological and environmental causes of uncertainties regarding personal UV dosimetry are investigated using this dosimeter as an example, which enables us to show the dosimeter's limitations and enables readers to compare their dosimeters with that described and to increase awareness of imperfections of dosimeters. The dosimeter's spectral response, cosine response, linearity, temperature dependency and sensitivity are investigated. As opposed to biological and chemical dosimeters, electronic dosimeters do not measure UV radiation continuously but at time-intervals (sampling). The error introduced by sampling is investigated for sampling intervals from 1 second up to 60 seconds for 3 groups of people (n = 18, 1.1-4.6 hours of positive UV measurements) on sunny (n = 12) and cloudy (n = 6) days. Increasing the sample time by 1 second added on average an uncertainty of maximum +0.29% to -0.27% per added second compared to the 1-second sample time. The importance of dirt on the sensor was investigated in 24 dosimeters after 6 months use by farmers. The reduction in the registered dose due to the dirty sensor was 2.3% (median = 2.0%, inter-quartile range = 2.0%, max = 5%) suggesting that dirt on the sensor generally does not play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Heydenreich
- Department of Dermatology, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Determinants of Sunburn and Sun Protection of Agricultural Workers During Occupational and Recreational Activities. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 59:1089-1094. [PMID: 28858909 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify determinants of occupational sunburn in agricultural workers and assess their occupational and recreational sun protection habits. METHODS Specific surveys of agricultural workers in Switzerland and France were conducted (N = 1538). Multivariate logistic regressions identified occupational sunburn determinants. Occupational and recreational sun protection habits were estimated and correlated. RESULTS One-year occupational and recreational sunburn prevalences were 19.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Occupational sunburn increased with having a recent recreational sunburn, highly sensitive skin, young age, high perceived skin cancer risk, using sunscreen, and not wearing a hat. Correlation between protection habits during work and leisure was substantial (rs 0.5 to 0.7). Skin health knowledge was high and pro-tanning attitude moderate. CONCLUSION Potentially modifiable sunburn determinants and suboptimal recreational and occupational sun protection practices were identified in agricultural workers. Refining and tailoring sun protection messages targeting the agricultural sector are needed.
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12
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Lerche CM, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. UVR: sun, lamps, pigmentation and vitamin D. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:291-301. [PMID: 27834434 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has important and significant consequences on human health. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the beneficial effects of UVR. This perspective gives an introduction to the solar spectrum, UV lamps, UV dosimetry, skin pigment and vitamin D. The health benefits of UVR exposure through vitamin D production or non-vitamin D pathways will be discussed in this themed issue in the following articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - P A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - H C Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Downs NJ, Parisi AV, Butler H, Rawlings A, Elrahoumi RS. An Inexpensive High-Temporal Resolution Electronic Sun Journal for Monitoring Personal Day to Day Sun Exposure Patterns. Front Public Health 2017; 5:310. [PMID: 29201865 PMCID: PMC5696337 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to natural sunlight, specifically solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation contributes to lifetime risks of skin cancer, eye disease, and diseases associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Improved knowledge of personal sun exposure patterns can inform public health policy; and help target high-risk population groups. Subsequently, an extensive number of studies have been conducted to measure personal solar UV exposure in a variety of settings. Many of these studies, however, use digital or paper-based journals (self-reported volunteer recall), or employ cost prohibitive electronic UV dosimeters (that limit the size of sample populations), to estimate periods of exposure. A cost effective personal electronic sun journal (ESJ) built from readily available infrared photodiodes is presented in this research. The ESJ can be used to complement traditional UV dosimeters that measure total biologically effective exposure by providing a time-stamped sun exposure record. The ESJ can be easily attached to clothing and data logged to personal devices (including fitness monitors or smartphones). The ESJ improves upon self-reported exposure recording and is a cost effective high-temporal resolution option for monitoring personal sun exposure behavior in large population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Downs
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfio V. Parisi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Harry Butler
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Rawlings
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Raja Salem Elrahoumi
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Riccò M, Razio B, Poletti L, Panato C. Knowledge, attitudes, and sun-safety practices among agricultural workers in the Autonomous Province of Trento, North-Eastern Italy (2016). GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 155:31-40. [PMID: 28895375 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate sun safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among agricultural workers (AWs) in the Autonomous Province of Trento (North-Eastern Italy). METHODS A cross sectional study was performed among AWs who attended pesticide training courses (2016). Participants received a structured questionnaire focusing on KAP towards sun protective behaviors. Synthetic scores for knowledge (GKS), risk perception (RPS), behavioral adaptation and use of personal protective equipment (SPPS) were calculated. Regression analysis was modelled in order to assess GKS, RPS and individual factors as predictors of SPPS. RESULTS The sample included 204 AWs (89.7% males, 10.3% females, mean age 43.9±15.9 years). Sun protective behaviors were irregularly referred by participants, in particular receiving medical skin assessment by a dermatologist (33.8%), avoiding sun radiations at noon and taking rest breaks in shady areas (30.9%), and wearing sunscreen (13.3%). GKS was correlated with RPS, and RPS was characterized as a significant predictor of SPPS (B=0.307; 95% CI 0.224-0.389, P<0.001), alongside increased seniority (B=4.957: 95% CI 3.064-6.851, P<0.001) and previous history of sunburns (B=5.829; 95% CI 1.520-10.139, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that AWs are not appropriately aware of the risks associated with occupational exposure to solar radiation, and eventually report inadequate skin cancer prevention practices. Since SPPS found significant predictors in individual factors, tailored interventions and training may contribute to fill knowledge gaps and raise the concerns of AWs towards occupational dermatological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Operative Unit for Health and Safety in the Workplaces, Department of Prevention, Provincial Agency for Health Services (APSS) of the Autonomous Province of Trento, Trento, Italy - .,Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, Department of Public Health, Service for Health and Safety in the Workplace, AUSL IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy -
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