1
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Acosta RB, Durantini EN, Spesia MB. Evaluation of quantification methods to determine photodynamic action on mono- and dual-species bacterial biofilms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1195-1208. [PMID: 38703274 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The effect of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) sensitized by 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N,N-trimethylammoniophenyl)porphyrin (TMAP4+) on different components of mono- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was determined by different methods. First, the plate count technique showed that TMAP4+-PDI was more effective on S. aureus than E. coli biofilm. However, crystal violet staining revealed no significant differences between before and after PDI biofilms of both bacteria. On the other hand, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method indicated a reduction in viable cells as the light exposure time increases in both, mono- and dual-species biofilms. Furthermore, it was determined that as the irradiation time increases, the amount of extracellular polymeric substances present in the biofilms decreased. This effect was presented in both strains and in the mixed biofilm, being more evident in S. aureus mono-specie biofilm. Finally, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a decrease in the number of cells forming the biofilm after photosensitization treatments. This information makes it possible to determine whether the photodynamic action is based on damage to metabolic activity, extracellular matrix and/or biomass, which may be useful in establishing a fully effective PDI protocol for the treatment of microorganisms growing as biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío B Acosta
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Rossi GG, Tisoco I, Moreira KS, de Lima Burgo TA, de Campos MMA, Iglesias BA. Photophysical, photobiological, and mycobacteria photo-inactivation properties of new meso-tetra-cationic platinum(II) metalloderivatives at meta position. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:11-24. [PMID: 38051456 PMCID: PMC10920514 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we report the photo-inactivation evaluation of new tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II) complexes ate meta N-pyridyl positions in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of rapidly growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Four different metalloderivatives were synthetized and applied. aPDT experiments in the strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Massiliense (ATCC 48898), and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084) conducted with adequate concentration of photosensitizers (PS) under white-light conditions at 90 min (irradiance of 50 mW cm-2 and a total light dosage of 270 J cm-2) showed that the Zn(II) derivative is the most effective PS significantly reduced the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The effectiveness of the molecule as PS for PDI studies is also clear with mycobacteria, which is strongly related with the porphyrin peripheral charge and coordination platinum(II) compounds and consequently about the presence of metal center ion. This class of PS may be promising antimycobacterial aPDT agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle Guidolin Rossi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora Tisoco
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Schneider Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose Do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto de Lima Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose Do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Photosensitizers combination approach to enhance photodynamic inactivation of planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2433-2444. [PMID: 37490212 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve bacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI), this work analyzes the photodynamic effect caused by the combination of photosensitizers (PSs) on two bacterial models and different growth mode. Simultaneous administration of PSs from different families, zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis[4-(N-methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine (ZnPPc4+), 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N,N-trimethylammonium phenyl)porphyrin (TMAP4+), meso-tetrakis(9-ethyl-9-methyl-3-carbazoyl)chlorin (TEMCC4+) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl] chlorin (TAPC) was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in planktonic form, biofilm and growth curve. Various PSs combinations showed greater inactivation compared to when used separately under the same conditions but at twice the concentration. However, differences were found in the effectiveness of the PSs combinations on Gram positive and negative bacteria, as well as in planktonic or biofilm form. Likewise, the combination of three PSs completely stopped E. coli growth under optimal nutritional conditions. PSs combination allows extending the range of light absorption by agents that absorb in different areas of the visible spectrum. Therefore, PDI with combined PSs increases its antimicrobial capacity using agents' concentrations and light fluences lower than those necessary to cause the same effect as single PS. These advances represent a starting point for future research on the potentiation of PDI promoted by the combined use of PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Ayoub AM, Atya MS, Abdelsalam AM, Schulze J, Amin MU, Engelhardt K, Wojcik M, Librizzi D, Yousefi BH, Nasrullah U, Pfeilschifter J, Bakowsky U, Preis E. Photoactive Parietin-loaded nanocarriers as an efficient therapeutic platform against triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123217. [PMID: 37429562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of photodynamic therapy has become more and more important in combating cancer. However, the high lipophilic nature of most photosensitizers limits their parenteral administration and leads to aggregation in the biological environment. To resolve this problem and deliver a photoactive form, the natural photosensitizer parietin (PTN) was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PTN NPs) by emulsification diffusion method. PTN NPs displayed a size of 193.70 nm and 157.31 nm, characterized by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, respectively. As the photoactivity of parietin is essential for therapy, the quantum yield of PTN NPs and the in vitro release were assessed. The antiproliferative activity, the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial potential depolarization, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization were evaluated in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). At the same time, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were used to investigate the cellular uptake profile. In addition, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was employed to evaluate the antiangiogenic effect microscopically. The spherical monomodal PTN NPs show a quantum yield of 0.4. The biological assessment on MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that free PTN and PTN NPs inhibited cell proliferation with IC50 of 0.95 µM and 1.9 µM at 6 J/cm2, respectively, and this can be attributed to the intracellular uptake profile as proved by flow cytometry. Eventually, the CAM study illustrated that PTN NPs could reduce the number of angiogenic blood vessels and disrupt the vitality of xenografted tumors. In conclusion, PTN NPs are a promising anticancer strategy in vitro and might be a tool for fighting cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammed S Atya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jan Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad U Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wojcik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Behrooz H Yousefi
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Core Facility Molecular Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Usman Nasrullah
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany.
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Germany.
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5
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Rodrigues BM, Victória HFV, Leite G, Krambrock K, Chaves OA, de Oliveira DF, Garcia RDQ, De Boni L, Costa LAS, Iglesias BA. Photophysical, photobiological, and biomolecule-binding properties of new tri-cationic meso-tri(2-thienyl)corroles with Pt(II) and Pd(II) polypyridyl derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112149. [PMID: 36780772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of new tri-cationic corrole derivatives, containing Pt(II) or Pd(II) complexes attached at the peripheral position of thienyl moieties. Corrole derivatives were characterized through microanalysis, electrochemical, spectrometry and spectroscopy analysis. Singlet and triplet excited-states are investigated by photophysical/theoretical calculation methods and photobiological parameters were also evaluated spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis and EPR). Also, the binding capacity of each corrole derivative with nucleic acids (DNA) and human serum albumin (HSA) was determined by UV-Vis, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, combined with molecular docking analysis. Moreover, the new corroles containing peripheral complexes improve their interactions with biomacromolecules, generate reactive oxygen species under light source irradiation studied and has potential for application in photodynamic therapeutic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Rodrigues
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique F V Victória
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Leite
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Klaus Krambrock
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Otávio A Chaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diego F de Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Q Garcia
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A S Costa
- NEQC - Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Rodrigues BM, Diniz CC, da Rocha VN, Köhler MH, Brandão GP, Machado LA, da Silva Júnior EN, Iglesias BA. First report of trans-A 2B-corrole derived from a lapachone derivative: photophysical, TD-DFT and photobiological assays. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11121-11129. [PMID: 37056965 PMCID: PMC10089255 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, characterization and photophysical assays of a new trans-A2B-corrole derivative from the naturally occurring quinone are described. β-Lapachone is a naturally occurring quinoidal compound that provides highly fluorescent heterocyclic compounds such as lapimidazoles. The new trans-A2B-corrole compound was obtained from the reaction between 2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorophenyl)dipyrromethane and the lapimidazole bearing an aldehyde group. The dyad was characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), NMR spectroscopy (1H, COSY 2D, HMBC, 19F), FT-IR, UV-vis, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, electrochemical studies (CV), TD-DFT analysis and photobiological experiments, in which includes aggregation, stability in solution, photostability and partition coefficients assays. Finally, ROS generation assays were performed using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) method and the presented compound showed significant photostability and singlet oxygen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Rodrigues
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria-RS Brazil
| | - Carlos C Diniz
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria-RS Brazil
| | - Vinicius N da Rocha
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria-RS Brazil
| | - Mateus H Köhler
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria-RS Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Brandão
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Luana A Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Julius Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Am Hubland Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | | | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinoid Material Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria-RS Brazil
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7
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Santamarina SC, Alvarez MG, Heredia DA, Durantini EN. Porphycenes as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers. Potentiation with potassium iodide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Cordero PV, Alvarez MG, Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Heredia DA, Durantini EN. Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of Candida albicans Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:105. [PMID: 36671307 PMCID: PMC9854949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing due to the growing complexity of patients. In particular, Candida albicans exhibits several virulence factors that facilitate yeast colonization in humans. In this sense, the photodynamic inactivation of yeasts is a promising new alternative to eliminate fungal infections. Herein, the photodynamic activity sensitized by a free-base chlorin (TPCF16) and its complexes with Zn(II) (ZnTPCF16) and Pd(II) (PdTPCF16) was investigated in order to eliminate C. albicans under different forms of cell cultures. A decrease in cell survival of more than 5 log was found in planktonic cells incubated with 5 μM TPCF16 or ZnTPCF16 upon 15 min of white-light irradiation. The mechanism of action mainly involved a type II pathway in the inactivation of C. albicans cells. In addition, the photodynamic action induced by these chlorins was able to suppress the growth of C. albicans in a culture medium. These photosensitizers were also effective to photoinactivate C. albicans pseudohyphae suspended in PBS. Furthermore, the biofilms of C. albicans that incorporated the chlorins during the proliferation stage were completely eradicated using 5 μM TPCF16 or ZnTPCF16 after 60 min of light irradiation. The studies indicated that these chlorins are effective photosensitizing agents to eliminate C. albicans as planktonic cells, pseudohyphae, and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Argentina
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9
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Santamarina SC, Heredia DA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN. Porphyrin Polymers Bearing N, N'-Ethylene Crosslinkers as Photosensitizers against Bacteria. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224936. [PMID: 36433062 PMCID: PMC9696963 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of microbes resistant to antibiotics requires the development of alternative therapies for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this work two polymers, PTPPF16-EDA and PZnTPPF16-EDA, were synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin and its Zn(II) complex with ethylenediamine, respectively. In these structures, the tetrapyrrolic macrocycles were N,N'-ethylene crosslinked, which gives them greater mobility. The absorption spectra of the polymers showed a bathochromic shift of the Soret band of ~10 nm with respect to the monomers. This effect was also found in the red fluorescence emission peaks. Furthermore, both polymeric materials produced singlet molecular oxygen with high quantum yields. In addition, they were capable of generating superoxide anion radicals. Photodynamic inactivation sensitized by these polymers was tested in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. A decrease in cell viability greater than 7 log (99.9999%) was observed in S. aureus incubated with 0.5 μM photosensitizer upon 30 min of irradiation. Under these conditions, a low inactivation of E. coli (0.5 log) was found. However, when the cells were treated with KI, the elimination of the Gram-negative bacteria was achieved. Therefore, these polymeric structures are interesting antimicrobial photosensitizing materials for the inactivation of pathogens.
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Orlandi VT, Martegani E, Bolognese F, Caruso E. Searching for antimicrobial photosensitizers among a panel of BODIPYs. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1233-1248. [PMID: 35377108 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) gained increasing attention for its potential to inhibit the growth and spread of microorganisms, both as free-living cells and/or embedded in biofilm communities. In this scenario, compounds belonging to the family of boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) represent a very promising class of photosensitizers for applications in antimicrobial field. In this study, twelve non-ionic and three cationic BODIPYs were assayed for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. As expected, S. aureus showed to be very sensitive to BODIPYs and mild conditions were sufficient to reach good rates of photoinactivation with both neutral and monocationic ones. Surprisingly, one neutral compound (named B9 in this study) resulted the best BODIPY to photoinactivate P. aeruginosa PAO1. The photoinactivation of C. albicans was reached with both neutral and mono-cationic BODIPYs. Furthermore, biofilms of the three model microorganisms were challenged with BODIPYs in light-based antimicrobial technique. S. aureus biofilms were successfully inhibited with milder conditions than those applied to P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Notably, it was possible to eradicate 24-h-old biofilms of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, this study supports the potential of neutral BODIPYs as pan-antimicrobial PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Teresa Orlandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
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11
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Gorbunova EA, Stepanova DA, Kosov AD, Bolshakova AV, Filatova NV, Sizov LR, Rybkin AY, Spiridonov VV, Sybachin AV, Dubinina TV, Milaeva ER. Dark and photoinduced cytotoxicity of solubilized hydrophobic octa-and hexadecachloro-substituted lutetium(III) phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Santamarina SC, Heredia DA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN. Antimicrobial Photosensitizing Material Based on Conjugated Zn(II) Porphyrins. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:91. [PMID: 35052968 PMCID: PMC8773278 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to a considerable increase in the resistance of microorganisms to these agents. Consequently, it is imminent to establish new strategies to combat pathogens. An alternative involves the development of photoactive polymers that represent an interesting strategy to kill microbes and maintain aseptic surfaces. In this sense, a conjugated polymer (PZnTEP) based on Zn(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-[4-(ethynyl)phenyl]porphyrin (ZnTEP) was obtained by the homocoupling reaction of terminal alkyne groups. PZnTEP exhibits a microporous structure with high surface areas allowing better interaction with bacteria. The UV-visible absorption spectra show the Soret and Q bands of PZnTEP red-shifted by about 18 nm compared to those of the monomer. Also, the conjugate presents the two red emission bands, characteristic of porphyrins. This polymer was able to produce singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anion in the presence of NADH. Photocytotoxic activity sensitized by PZnTEP was investigated in bacterial suspensions. No viable Staphylococcus aureus cells were detected using 0.5 µM PZnTEP and 15 min irradiation. Under these conditions, complete photoinactivation of Escherichia coli was observed in the presence of 100 mM KI. Likewise, no survival was detected for E. coli incubated with 1.0 µM PZnTEP after 30 min irradiation. Furthermore, polylactic acid surfaces coated with PZnTEP were able to kill efficiently these bacteria. This surface can be reused for at least three photoinactivation cycles. Therefore, this conjugated photodynamic polymer is an interesting antimicrobial photoactive material for designing and developing self-sterilizing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía C Santamarina
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
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Maldonado-Carmona N, Ouk TS, Leroy-Lhez S. Latest trends on photodynamic disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria: photosensitizer's structure and delivery systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:113-145. [PMID: 34784052 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to overshadow last century's medical advances. Etiological agents of previously eradicated infectious diseases are now resurgent as multidrug-resistant strains, especially for Gram-negative strains. Finding new therapeutic solutions is a real challenge for our society. In this framework, Photodynamic Antimicrobial ChemoTherapy relies on the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species in the presence of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer molecule. The use of reactive oxygen species is common for disinfection processes, using chemical agents, such as chlorine and hydrogen peroxide, and as they do not have a specific molecular target, it decreases the potential of tolerance to the antimicrobial treatment. However, light-driven generated reactive species result in an interesting alternative, as reactive species generation can be easily tuned with light irradiation and several PSs are known for their low environmental impact. Over the past few years, this topic has been thoroughly studied, exploring strategies based on single-molecule PSs (tetrapyrrolic compounds, dipyrrinate derivatives, metal complexes, etc.) or on conjunction with delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most relevant advances of the last 6 years, focusing on photosensitizers design, formulation, and potentiation, aiming for the disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Maldonado-Carmona
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.
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Heredia DA, Durantini JE, Ferreyra DD, Reynoso E, Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Durantini AM, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Charge density distribution effect in pyrrolidine-fused chlorins on microbial uptake and antimicrobial photoinactivation of microbial pathogens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112321. [PMID: 34695700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two novels structurally related pyrrolidine-fused chlorins were synthesized from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)chlorin by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the para-fluoro groups. The reaction with 2-dimethylaminoethanol produced TPCF16-NMe2 in 77% yield, while TPCF16-NBu was obtained using butylamine in 87% yield. The latter was extensively methylated to form TPCF16-N+Bu in 92% yield. The synthetic strategy was designed to compare the effect of charge density distribution on chlorin in the efficacy to induce photodynamic inactivation of pathogens. TPCF16-NMe2 has five tertiary amines that can acquire positive charges in aqueous medium by protonation. Furthermore, four of the cationic groups are located in amino groups linked to the chlorine macrocycle by an aliphatic structure of two carbon atoms, which gives it greater movement capacity. In contrast, TPCF16-N+Bu presents intrinsic positive charges on aromatic rings. Absorption and fluorescence emission properties were not affected by the peripheral substitution on the chlorin macrocycle. Both photosensitizers (PSs) were able to form singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide anion radical in solution. Uptake and photodynamic inactivation mediated by these chlorins were examined on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both phototherapeutic agents produced efficient photoinactivation of S. aureus. However, only TPCF16-NMe2 was rapidly bound to E. coli cells and this chlorin was effective to photoinactivate both strains of bacteria using lower concentrations and shorter irradiation periods. Our outcomes reveal that the charge density distribution is a key factor to consider in the development of new PSs. Accordingly, this work stands out as a promising starting point for the design of new tetrapyrrolic macrocycles with application in PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío D Ferreyra
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Reynoso
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edwin J Gonzalez Lopez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Milanesio
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Pérez ME, Durantini JE, Reynoso E, Alvarez MG, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Porphyrin-Schiff Base Conjugates Bearing Basic Amino Groups as Antimicrobial Phototherapeutic Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195877. [PMID: 34641420 PMCID: PMC8510454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New porphyrin–Schiff base conjugates bearing one (6) and two (7) basic amino groups were synthesized by condensation between tetrapyrrolic macrocycle-containing amine functions and 4-(3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propoxy)benzaldehyde. This approach allowed us to easily obtain porphyrins substituted by positive charge precursor groups in aqueous media. These compounds showed the typical Soret and four Q absorption bands with red fluorescence emission (ΦF ~ 0.12) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Porphyrins 6 and 7 photosensitized the generation of O2(1Δg) (ΦΔ ~ 0.44) and the photo-oxidation of L-tryptophan. The decomposition of this amino acid was mainly mediated by a type II photoprocess. Moreover, the addition of KI strongly quenched the photodynamic action through a reaction with O2(1Δg) to produce iodine. The photodynamic inactivation capacity induced by porphyrins 6 and 7 was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, the photoinactivation of these microorganisms was improved using potentiation with iodide anions. These porphyrins containing basic aliphatic amino groups can be protonated in biological systems, which provides an amphiphilic character to the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. This effect allows one to increase the interaction with the cell wall, thus improving photocytotoxic activity against microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Pérez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.E.P.); (E.R.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Javier E. Durantini
- IITEMA, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina;
| | - Eugenia Reynoso
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.E.P.); (E.R.); (M.G.A.)
| | - María G. Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.E.P.); (E.R.); (M.G.A.)
| | - María E. Milanesio
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.E.P.); (E.R.); (M.G.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.M.); (E.N.D.)
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.E.P.); (E.R.); (M.G.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.M.); (E.N.D.)
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Amphiphilic tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine provides effective photodynamic action to eradicate broad-spectrum microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:939-953. [PMID: 34255302 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivative, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+, was synthesized by ring expansion reaction of boron(III) [2,9(10),16(17)-trinitrosubphthalocyaninato]chloride. First, the reaction of this subphthalocyanine with 2,3-naphthalenedicarbonitrile and Zn(CH3COO)2 catalyzed by 8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene was used to obtain the A3B-type nitrophthalocyanine. After reduction of nitro groups with Na2S and exhaustive methylation of amino groups, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was formed in good yields. In addition, the tetracationic analog (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was synthesized to compare their properties. The absorption and fluorescence spectra showed the Q-bands and the red emission, respectively, which are characteristic of the Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivatives in N,N-dimethylformamide. Furthermore, photodynamic activity sensitized by these compounds was studied in the presence of different molecular probes to sense the formation of reactive oxygen species. (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ efficiently produced singlet molecular oxygen and also it sensitized the formation of superoxide anion radical in the presence of NADH, while the photodynamic activity of (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was very poor, possibly due to the partial formation of aggregates. Furthermore, the decomposition of L-tryptophan induced by (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was mainly mediated by a type II mechanism. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation sensitized by these phthalocyanines was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, as representative microbial cells. In cell suspensions, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was rapidly bound to microbial cells, showing bioimages with red fluorescence emission. After 5 min of irradiation with visible light, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was able to completely eliminate S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μM phthalocyanine, respectively. In contrast, a low photoinactivation activity was found with (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ as a photosensitizer. Therefore, the amphiphilic tricationic phthalocyanine (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ is a promising photosensitizing structure for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial phototherapeutic agent.
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Reynoso E, Durantini AM, Solis CA, Macor LP, Otero LA, Gervaldo MA, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. Photoactive antimicrobial coating based on a PEDOT-fullerene C 60 polymeric dyad. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23519-23532. [PMID: 35479802 PMCID: PMC9036534 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A photostable and photodynamic antimicrobial surface was successfully obtained and applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This approach was based on the synthesis of a fullerene C60 derivative (EDOT-C60) where fullerene C60 is covalently linked to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This dual-functional monomer bears an EDOT center connected via an alkyl chain to a fullerene C60 moiety. In this structure, EDOT acts as an electropolymerizable unit that allows the film formation over conducting substrates, while fullerene C60 performs the photodynamic antimicrobial activity. Electrochemical polymerization of EDOT was used to obtain stable and photodynamic polymeric films (PEDOT-C60) in a controllable procedure. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroscopy studies showed that the fullerene C60 units were not altered during the electropolymerization process, obtaining surfaces with high fullerene content. Photobleaching measurements demonstrated that the electropolymerized films were highly photostable. Moreover, photodynamic properties of PEDOT-C60 were compared with fullerene C60 and showed that electrodeposited films were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the two photomechanisms, producing singlet molecular oxygen (type II) and superoxide radical anion (type I). All studies demonstrated that fullerene C60 moieties covalently attached to the polymeric matrix mainly conserve the photodynamic characteristics. Hence, photodynamic action sensitized by PEDOT-C60 was assessed in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. The photosensitized inactivation by the electropolymerized films on bacteria suspensions produced >99.9% reduction in S. aureus survival. Fluorescence microscopy experiments with S. aureus adhered to the PEDOT-C60 surface showed a complete microbe annihilation. Also, the eradication of biofilms formed on PEDOT-C60 surfaces resulted in a photokilling >99.9% after visible light irradiation. Our results demonstrated that these antimicrobial photodynamic polymeric films are a promising and versatile platform to photoinactivate microorganisms and to obtain photostable self-sterilizing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Claudia A Solis
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
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Vallecorsa P, Di Venosa G, Ballatore MB, Ferreyra D, Mamone L, Sáenz D, Calvo G, Durantini E, Casas A. Novel meso-substituted porphyrin derivatives and its potential use in photodynamic therapy of cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:547. [PMID: 33985453 PMCID: PMC8117271 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer treatment that utilizes the interaction of light and a photosensitiser (PS), promoting tumour cell death mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro photoactivity of four meso-substituted porphyrins and a porphyrin coupled to a fullerene. Methods The cell line employed was the LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma, and the PS with the best photokilling activity was administered to mice bearing the LM3 subcutaneously implanted adenocarcinoma. The TEMCP4+ porphyrin and its analogue TEMCC4+ chlorine contain four identical carbazoyl substituents at the meso positions of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and have A4 symmetry. The TAPP derivative also has A4 symmetry, and it is substituted at the meso positions by aminopropoxy groups. The DAPP molecule has ABAB symmetry with aminopropoxy and the trifluoromethyl substituents in trans positions. The TCP-C604+ dyad is formed by a porphyrin unit covalently attached to the fullerene C60. Results The PSs are taken up by the cells with the following efficiency: TAPP> TEMCP4+ = TEMCC4+ > DAPP >TCP-C604+, and the amount of intracellular PS correlates fairly with the photodamage degree, but also the quantum yields of singlet oxygen influence the PDT outcome. TAPP, DAPP, TEMCC4+ and TEMCP4+ exhibit high photoactivity against LM3 mammary carcinoma cells, being TAPP the most active. After topical application of TAPP on the skin of mice bearing LM3 tumours, the molecule is localized mainly in the stratum corneum, and at a lower extent in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Systemic administration of TAPP produces a tumour: normal skin ratio of 31.4, and high accumulation in intestine and lung. Conclusion The results suggest a potential use of topical TAPP for the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin adnexal neoplasms. In addition, selectivity for tumour tissue after systemic administration highlights the selectivity of and potentiality of TAPP as a new PS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08286-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vallecorsa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP1120AAF, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP1120AAF, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Belén Ballatore
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, FCEFQYN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Dario Ferreyra
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, FCEFQYN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP1120AAF, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sáenz
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP1120AAF, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP1120AAF, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, FCEFQYN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas Gral. José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, CP1120AAF, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rupel K, Zupin L, Brich S, Mardirossian M, Ottaviani G, Gobbo M, Di Lenarda R, Pricl S, Crovella S, Zacchigna S, Biasotto M. Antimicrobial activity of amphiphilic nanomicelles loaded with curcumin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone and activated by blue laser light. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000350. [PMID: 33151640 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa of nanomicelles loaded with curcumin (CUR) alone and activated by blue laser light in an antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) approach. First, free CUR in liquid suspension and loaded in three amphiphilic nanomicelles (CUR-DAPMA, CUR-SPD and CUR-SPM) were tested both on bacteria and keratinocytes. While free CUR exerted limited efficacy showing moderate cytotoxicity, a strong inhibition of bacterial growth was obtained using all three nanosystems without toxicity on eukaryotic cells. CUR-SPM emerged as the most effective, and was therefore employed in APDT experiments. Among the three sublethal blue laser (λ 445 nm) protocols tested, the ones characterized by a fluence of 18 and 30 J/cm2 further decreased the antimicrobial concentration to 50 nM. The combination of blue laser APDT with CUR-SPM nanomicelles results in an effective synergistic activity that represents a promising novel therapeutic approach on resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Rupel
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Brich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Mardirossian
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Palacios YB, Santamarina SC, Durantini JE, Durantini EN, Durantini AM. BODIPYs bearing a dimethylaminopropoxy substituent for imaging and photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 212:112049. [PMID: 33065476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new BODIPY (BDP 1) bearing a dimethylaminopropoxy group attached to a phenylene unit was synthesized. This compound was brominated to obtain the halogenated analog BDP 2, which was designed to enhance the photodynamic effect of BODIPY to kill bacteria without an intrinsic cationic charge. The basic amino group located at the end of the propoxy bridge can acquire a positive charge by protonation in an aqueous medium, increasing the binding to bacterial cells. Interaction and photokilling activity mediated by these compounds was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. BDP 1 and BDP 2 were rapidly bound to bacterial cells, showing bioimages with green emission. Complete elimination of S. aureus was detected when cells were incubated with 1 μM BDP 2 and irradiated for 5 min. Comparable photoinactivation was obtained with E. coli, after an irradiation of 30 min. Furthermore, BDP 2 was effective to kill bacteria at very low concentration (0.5 μM). Thus, BDP 1 showed mainly interesting properties as a fluorophore, whereas BDP 2 was highly effective photosensitizer as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana B Palacios
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sofia C Santamarina
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Scanone AC, Gsponer NS, Alvarez MG, Heredia DA, Durantini AM, Durantini EN. Magnetic Nanoplatforms for in Situ Modification of Macromolecules: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoinactivating Power of Cationic Nanoiman-Porphyrin Conjugates. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5930-5940. [PMID: 35021821 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A nanoplatform concept was developed to synthesize accessible photoactive magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Fe3O4 coated with silica. This approach was based on the covalent binding of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TPPF20) to aminopropyl-grafted MNPs by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (SNAr) to obtain conjugate MNP-P1. After in situ modification, the remaining pentafluorophenyl groups of TPPF20 attached to MNPs were substituted by dimethylaminoethoxy groups to form MNP-P2. The basic amine group of these conjugates can be protonated in aqueous media. In addition, MNP-P1 and MNP-P2 were intrinsically charged to produce cationic conjugates MNP+-P1 and MNP+-P2+ by methylation. All of them were easily purified by magnetic decantation in high yields. The average size of the MNPs was ∼15 nm, and the main difference between these conjugates was the greater coating with positive charges of MNP+-P2+, as shown by the zeta potential values. Absorption spectra exhibited the Soret and Q bands characteristic of TPPF20 linked to MNPs. Furthermore, these conjugates showed red fluorescence emission of porphyrin with quantum yields of 0.011-0.036. The photodynamic effect sensitized by the conjugates indicated the efficient formation of singlet molecular oxygen in different media, reaching quantum yield values of 0.17-0.34 in N,N-dimethylformamide. The photodynamic activity of the conjugates was evaluated to inactivate the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and the yeast Candida albicans. The modified cationic MNP+-P2+ was the most effective conjugate for photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms. Binding of this conjugate to bacteria and photoinactivation capability was checked by means of fluorescence microscopy. Also, sustainable use by recycling was determined after three PDI treatments. Therefore, this methodology is a suitable scaffold for the in situ modification of conjugates, and in particular, MNP+-P2+ represents a useful photodynamic active material to eradicate microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Scanone
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Gsponer
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María G Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Baigorria E, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties and photodynamic activity of Zn(II) phthalocyanine-polymer conjugates as antimicrobial agents. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Quiroga ED, Cordero P, Mora SJ, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. Mechanistic aspects in the photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans sensitized by a dimethylaminopropoxy porphyrin and its equivalent with cationic intrinsic charges. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101877. [PMID: 32534247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photocytotoxic effect induced by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N,N-trimethylaminepropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP+4) was examined in Candida albicans to obtain information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and cell damage. For this purpose, the photokilling of the yeast was investigated under anoxic conditions and cell suspensions in D2O. Moreover, photoinactivation of C. albicans was evaluated in presence of reactive oxygen species scavengers, such as sodium azide and d-mannitol. The results indicated that singlet molecular oxygen was the main reactive species involved in cell damage. On the other hand, the binding and distribution of these porphyrins in the cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Morphological damage was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating modifications in the cell envelopment. Furthermore, deformed cells were observed after photoinactivation of C. albicans by toluidine blue staining. In addition, modifications in the cell envelope due to the photodynamic activity was found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Similar photodamage was observed with both porphyrin, which mainly produced alterations in the cell barriers that lead to the photoinactivation of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Cordero
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Jimena Mora
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Ballatore MB, Milanesio ME, Fujita H, Lindsey JS, Durantini EN. Bacteriochlorin-bis(spermine) conjugate affords an effective photodynamic action to eradicate microorganisms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960061. [PMID: 31602791 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel bacteriochlorin bearing two spermine units (BCS) was synthesized from 3,13-dibromo-8,8,18,18-tetramethylbacteriochlorin (BC-Br 3,13 ). The synthesis involved the Suzuki coupling of BC-Br 3,13 to obtain a bacteriochlorin-dibenzaldehyde (BCA), which was subjected to reductive amination with spermine. The resulting bacteriochlorin BCS presents a strong near-infrared absorption band at 747 nm, emits at 750 nm with fluorescence quantum yield of 0.14, and generates singlet molecular oxygen, O2 (1 Δg ), with a quantum yield of 0.27. Photokilling capacities mediated by BCS were evaluated in microbial cells. The viability of Staphylococcus aureus decreased 7 logs when cells were incubated with 1 μM BCS and irradiated for 15 minutes. Comparable photocytotoxic effect was obtained with Escherichia coli, when cells were treated for 30 minutes with visible light. BCS was also an effective photosensitizer to inactivate Candida albicans. In addition, this bacteriochlorin was able to eradicate bacteria at short incubation times. The structure of BCS contains eight basic amino groups that, when protonated in water, increase the binding to the cell envelope. In summary, the readily accessible bacteriochlorin BCS was highly effective at low concentrations as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Ballatore
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Milanesio
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hikaru Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Behzadpour N, Sattarahmady N, Akbari N. Antimicrobial Photothermal Treatment of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by a Carbon Nanoparticles-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:661-672. [PMID: 32039097 PMCID: PMC6943850 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, it is needed to explore new routes to treat infectious bacterial pathogens due to prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial photothermal therapy (PTT), as a new strategy, eradicates pathogenic bacteria. OBJECTIVE In this study, the antimicrobial effects of a carbon nanoparticles-polypyrrole nanocomposite (C-PPy) upon laser irradiation were investigated to destroy the pathogenic gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental study, the bacterial cells were incubated with 50, 100 and 250 µg mL-1 concentrations of C-PPy and irradiated with a 808-nm laser at two power densities of 0.5 and 1.0 W cm-2. CFU numbers were counted for the irradiated cells, and compared to an untreated sample (kept in dark). To explore the antibacterial properties and mechanism(s) of C-PPy, temperature increment, reactive oxygen species formation, and protein and DNA leakages were evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was also employed to investigate morphological changes in the bacterial cell structures. RESULTS The results showed that following C-PPy attachment to the bacteria surface, irradiation of near-infrared light resulted in a significant decrement in the bacterial cell viability due to photothermal lysis. Slightly increase in protein leakage and significantly increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in the bacteria upon treating with C-PPy. CONCLUSION Photo-ablation strategy is a new minimally invasive and inexpensive method without overdose risk manner for combat with bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Behzadpour
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MSc, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Sattarahmady
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Akbari
- PhD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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Heredia DA, Martínez SR, Durantini AM, Pérez ME, Mangione MI, Durantini JE, Gervaldo MA, Otero LA, Durantini EN. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Polymeric Films Bearing Biscarbazol Triphenylamine End-Capped Dendrimeric Zn(II) Porphyrin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27574-27587. [PMID: 31310503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel biscarbazol triphenylamine end-capped dendrimeric zinc(II) porphyrin (DP 5) was synthesized by click chemistry. This compound is a cruciform dendrimer that bears a nucleus of zinc(II) tetrapyrrolic macrocycle substituted at the meso positions by four identical substituents. These are formed by a tetrafluorophenyl group that possesses a triazole unit in the para position. This nitrogenous heterocyclic is connected to a 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine group by means of a phenylenevinylene bridge, which allows the conjugation between the nucleus and this external electropolymerizable carbazoyl group. In this structure, dendrimeric arms act as light-harvesting antennas, increasing the absorption of blue light, and as electroactive moieties. The electrochemical oxidation of the carbazole groups contained in the terminal arms of the DP 5 was used to obtain novel, stable, and reproducible fully π-conjugated photoactive polymeric films (FDP 5). First, the spectroscopic characteristics and photodynamic properties of DP 5 were compared with its constitutional components derived of porphyrin P 6 and carbazole D 7 moieties in solution. The fluorescence emissions of the dendrimeric units in DP 5 were more strongly quenched by the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, indicating photoinduced energy transfer. In addition, FDP 5 film showed the Soret and Q absorption bands and red fluorescence emission of the corresponding zinc(II) porphyrin. Also, FDP 5 film was highly stable to photobleaching, and it was able to produce singlet molecular oxygen in both N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water. Therefore, the porphyrin units embedded in the polymeric matrix of FDP 5 film mainly retain the photochemical properties. Photodynamic inactivation mediated by FDP 5 film was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. When a cell suspension was deposited on the surface, complete eradication of S. aureus and a 99% reduction in E. coli survival were found after 15 and 30 min of irradiation, respectively. Also, FDP 5 film was highly effective to eliminate individual bacteria attached to the surface. In addition, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) sensitized by FDP 5 film produced >99.99% bacterial killing in biofilms formed on the surface after 60 min irradiation. The results indicate that FDP 5 film represents an interesting and versatile photodynamic active material to eradicate bacteria as planktonic cells, individual attached microbes, or biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Sol R Martínez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Pérez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - María I Mangione
- IQUIR-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , S2002LRK Rosario , Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 , X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba , Argentina
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Reynoso E, Ferreyra DD, Durantini EN, Spesia MB. Photodynamic inactivation to prevent and disrupt Staphylococcus aureus biofilm under different media conditions. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:322-331. [PMID: 31006166 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to investigate the photodynamic activity of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]chlorin (TAPC) and zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis[4-(N-methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine iodide (ZnPPc4+ ) as photosensitizers to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and prevent their formations in different culture media. METHODS We incubated S aureus biofilms in different culture media: tryptic soy (TS), nutrient (N), Müeller Hinton (MH) broth, TS with glucose 2 and 5% (w/v) with 5 μM ZnPPc4+ or TAPC and irradiated with visible light (350-800 nm). Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) was determined by count of colony forming units (CFU) and crystal violet method. Furthermore, we studied PDI effect on biofilm development in TS broth. Finally, we examined the effects of PDI on the structure of S aureus biofilm. RESULTS Greater inactivation was achieved, using TAPC or ZnPPc4+ , when S aureus biofilm was grown in N or MH broths rather than in TS. Besides, glucose addition to the medium decreases the ability to develop biofilm and increase the photoinactivation capacity. Prevention of 3 log biofilm developments was obtained when S aureus cultures were treated with TAPC (10 μM) and 108 J/cm2 in TS broth and the number of CFU was counted after 24 hours. Moreover, microscopy studies demonstrated modifications in biofilm architecture. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TAPC and ZnPPc4+ may be promising photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of S aureus biofilms or to prevent their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Darío D Ferreyra
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Mariana B Spesia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Two phenothiazine dyes as photosensitizers for the production of singlet oxygen. Photophysics, photochemistry and effects of aggregation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tunçel A, Öztürk İ, Ince M, Ocakoglu K, Hoşgör-Limoncu M, Yurt F. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus using zinc phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing healthcare problem worldwide. In the present study, the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of ZnPc and ZnPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnPc-TiO[Formula: see text] were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. A light emitting diode (LED) (630–700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm[Formula: see text] was used on S. aureus at different light doses (8 J/cm2 for 11 min, 16 J/cm2 for 22 min, 24 J/cm2 for 33 min) in the presence of the compounds under the minimum inhibitory concentration values. Both compounds showed similar phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16 and 24 J/cm[Formula: see text] were applied. In addition, the success of APDT increased with an increasing light dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Tunçel
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Öztürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Bornova, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, TR33400, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, TR33400, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - Mine Hoşgör-Limoncu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yurt
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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Baigorria E, Reynoso E, Alvarez MG, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Silica nanoparticles embedded with water insoluble phthalocyanines for the photoinactivation of microorganisms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:261-269. [PMID: 29964223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) embedded with Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(methoxy)phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPcOCH3), Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(4-pyridyloxy) phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPcOPy) and Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(t-butyl) phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPctBu) were synthesized in the nonpolar core of AOT/1-butanol/water micelles using triethoxyvinylsilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. These SiNPs-Pc presented an average diameter of about 20-25 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra presented the characteristic Soret and Q bands of phthalocyanines embedded into the nanoparticles. Moreover, red fluorescence emission of SiNPs bearing phthalocyanines was detected in water. The SiNPs-Pc produced the photodecomposition of 2,2'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(methylmalonic acid), which was used to sense the singlet molecular oxygen O2(1Δg) generation in aqueous medium. Also, the formation of superoxide anion radical was detected by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the presence of NADH. Photoinactivation of microorganisms was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In vitro experiments showed that photosensitized inactivation induced by SiNPZnPcOCH3 and SiNPZnPctBu improved with an increase of irradiation times. After 30 min irradiation, over 7 log reduction was found for S. aureus. Also, these SiNPs-Pc produced a decrease of 2.5 log in C. albicans after 60 min irradiation. In both cases, a lower photoinactivation activity was found for SiNPZnPcOPy. Studies of photodynamic action mechanism showed that the photokilling of microbial cells was protected in the presence of sodium azide and diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Also, a reduction on the cell photodamage was found with the addition of D-mannitol. Therefore, the photodynamic activity sensitized by SiNPZnPcOCH3 and SiNPZnPctBu in microbial cells was mediated by a contribution of both type I and type II photooxidative mechanisms. Thus, silica nanoparticles are interesting materials to vehicle ZnPcOCH3 and ZnPctBu in aqueous media to photoeradicate microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Baigorria
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Elisa Milanesio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Edwards L, Turner D, Champion C, Khandelwal M, Zingler K, Stone C, Rajapaksha RD, Yang J, Ranasinghe MI, Kornienko A, Frolova LV, Rogelj S. Photoactivated 2,3-distyrylindoles kill multi-drug resistant bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1879-1886. [PMID: 29673980 PMCID: PMC5963728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compounds based on the 2,3-distyrylindole scaffold were found to exhibit bactericidal properties upon irradiation with white light. At the concentration of 1 μM, the lead compound 1 completely (ca. 109 CFU/mL) eradicated such Gram-positive organisms as S. aureus (MRSA, MSSA), E. faecalis (VRE), S. pyogenes and S. mutans when irradiated with white light for 2 min. At the concentration of 5 μM and in the presence of polymyxin E at non-bactericidal 1.25 μg/mL concentration, 1 also showed a 7-log to 9-log reductions in bacterial counts of such Gram-negative organisms as multi-drug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii, MDR P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE: KPC and NDM-1), also when irradiated with white light for 2 min. The structure-activity relationship studies revealed that unsubstituted at benzene rings 2,3-distyrylindole 2 was most potent and gave a 5-order of magnitude eradication of a MRSA strain at the concentration of 30 nM upon irradiation with white light. Initial mechanistic experiments revealed the disruption of bacterial cell membrane, but indicated that singlet oxygen production, which is commonly associated with photodynamic therapy, may not play a role in the bactericidal effects of the 2,3-distyrylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Edwards
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Danielle Turner
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Cody Champion
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Megha Khandelwal
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Kailee Zingler
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Cassidy Stone
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Ruwini D Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mahinda I Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA.
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA.
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Huang L, Wang M, Huang YY, El-Hussein A, Wolf LM, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR. Progressive cationic functionalization of chlorin derivatives for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation and related vancomycin conjugates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:638-651. [PMID: 29701222 PMCID: PMC5955822 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
It is known that multiple cationic charges are required to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) or photodynamic therapy of bacteria and fungi. In the present study we describe the synthesis and aPDI testing of a set of derivatives prepared from the parent pheophytin molecule with different numbers of attached side arms (1-3) each consisting of five quaternized cationic groups (pentacationic), producing the corresponding [Zn2+]pheophorbide-a-N(C2N+C1C3)5 (Zn-Phe-N5+, 5 charges), [Zn2+]chlorin e6-[N(C2N+C1C3)5]2 (Zn-Chl-N10+, 10 charges) and [Zn2+]mesochlorin e6-[N(C2N+C1C3)5]3 (Zn-mChl-N15+, 15 charges). Moreover, a conjugate between Zn-Phe-N5+ and the antibiotic vancomycin called Van-[Zn2+]-m-pheophorbide-N(C2N+C1C3)5 (Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+) was also prepared. The aPDI activities of all compounds were based on Type-II photochemistry (1O2 generation). We tested these compounds against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and the fungal yeast Candida albicans. All three compounds were highly active against MRSA, giving eradication (≥6 logs of killing) with <1.0 μM and 10 J cm-2 of 415 nm light. The order of activity was Zn-Phe-N5+ > Zn-Chl-N10+ > Zn-mChl-N15+. In the case of E coli the activity was much lower (eradication was only possible with 50 μM Zn-mChl-N15+ and 20 J cm-2). The order of activity was the reverse of that found with MRSA (Zn-mChl-N15+ > Zn-Chl-N10+ > Zn-Phe-N5+). Activity against C. albicans was similar to E. coli with Zn-mChl-N15+ giving eradication. The activity of Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+ was generally lower than that of Zn-Phe-N5+ (except for E. coli). Red (660 nm) light was also effective as might be expected from the absorption spectra. An initial finding that Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+ might have higher activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus fecium (VRE) strains (compared to vancomycin sensitive strains) was disproved when it was found that VRE strains were also more sensitive to aPDI with Zn-Phe-N5+. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+ were higher than those of Van alone, showing that the antibiotic properties of the Van moiety were lessened in the conjugate. In conclusion, Zn-Phe-N5+ is a highly active PS against Gram-positive species and deserves further testing. Increasing the number of cationic charges increased aPDI efficacy on C. albicans and Gram-negative E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Hussein
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lawrence M Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Reynoso E, Quiroga ED, Agazzi ML, Ballatore MB, Bertolotti SG, Durantini EN. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms sensitized by cationic BODIPY derivatives potentiated by potassium iodide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1524-1536. [PMID: 28836645 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation mediated by 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-[4-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)phenyl]-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 3 and 8-[4-(3-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)propoxy)phenyl]-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 4 was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. In vitro experiments indicated that BODIPYs 3 and 4 were rapidly bound to microbial cells at short incubation periods. Also, fluorescence microscopy images showed green emission of BODIPYs bound to microbial cells. Photosensitized inactivation improved with an increase of the irradiation time. Similar photoinactivation activities were found for both BODIPYs in bacteria. The photoinactivation induced by these BODIPYs was effective for both bacteria. However, the Gram-positive bacterium was inactivated sooner and with a lower concentration of a photosensitizer than the Gram-negative bacterium. After 15 min irradiation, the complete eradication of S. aureus was obtained with 1 μM photosensitizer. A reduction of 4.5 log in the E. coli viability was found when using 5 μM photosensitizer and 30 min irradiation. Also, the last conditions produced a decrease of 4.5 log in C. albicans cells treated with BODIPY 3, while 4 was poorly effective. On the other hand, the effect of the addition of KI on photoinactivation at different irradiation periods and salt concentrations was investigated. A smaller effect was observed in S. aureus because the photosensitizers alone were already very effective. In E. coli, photokilling potentiation was mainly found at longer irradiation periods. Moreover, the photoinactivation of C. albicans mediated by these BODIPYs was increased in the presence of KI. In solution, an increase in the formation of the BODIPY triplet states was observed with the addition of the salt, due to the effect of external heavy atoms. The greater intersystem crossing together with the formation of reactive iodine species induced by BODIPYs may be contributing to enhance the inactivation of microorganisms. Therefore, these BODIPYs represent interesting photosensitizers to inactivate microorganisms. In particular, BODIPY 3 in combination with KI was highly effective as a broad spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Heredia DA, Durantini AM, Sarotti AM, Gsponer NS, Ferreyra DD, Bertolotti SG, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Proton-Dependent Switching of a Novel Amino Chlorin Derivative as a Fluorescent Probe and Photosensitizer for Acidic Media. Chemistry 2018; 24:5950-5961. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Heredia
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
| | - Andrés M. Durantini
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET); Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Natalia S. Gsponer
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
| | - Darío D. Ferreyra
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
| | - Sonia G. Bertolotti
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
| | - María E. Milanesio
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- Departamento de Química; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físico-Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina), Fax
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Durantini AM, Heredia DA, Durantini JE, Durantini EN. BODIPYs to the rescue: Potential applications in photodynamic inactivation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:651-661. [PMID: 29289888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivatives have been proposed in several potential biomedical applications. BODIPYs absorb strongly in blue-green region with high fluorescence emission, properties that convert them in effective fluorophores in the field of biological labeling. However, BODIPY structures can be conveniently modified by heavy atoms substitution to obtain photosensitizers with applications in photodynamic therapy. Also, external heavy atoms effect can be used to increase the photodynamic activity of these compounds. In recent years, BODIPYs have been proposed as phototherapeutic agents for the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Therefore, BODIPY structures need to be optimized to produce an efficient photocytotoxic activity. In this way, amphiphilic cationic BODIPYs can selectively bind to microbial cells, inducing an effective photokilling of pathogenic microbial cells. This review summarizes the attributes of BODIPY derivatives for applications as antimicrobial photosensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Scanone AC, Gsponer NS, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. Photodynamic properties and photoinactivation of microorganisms mediated by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin covalently linked to silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Agazzi ML, Ballatore MB, Reynoso E, Quiroga ED, Durantini EN. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties and photodynamic activity of two cationic BODIPY derivatives with application in the photoinactivation of microorganisms. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:110-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: a bright new technique to kill resistant microbes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 33:67-73. [PMID: 27421070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers (non-toxic dyes) that are activated by absorption of visible light to form reactive oxygen species (including singlet oxygen) that can oxidize biomolecules and destroy cells. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) can treat localized infections. aPDI neither causes any resistance to develop in microbes, nor is affected by existing drug resistance status. We discuss some recent developments in aPDI. New photosensitizers including polycationic conjugates, stable synthetic bacteriochlorins and functionalized fullerenes are described. The microbial killing by aPDI can be synergistically potentiated (several logs) by harmless inorganic salts via photochemistry. Genetically engineered bioluminescent microbial cells allow PDT to treat infections in animal models. Photoantimicrobials have a promising future in the face of the unrelenting increase in antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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