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Han Q, El Mohamad M, Brown S, Zhai J, Rosado CJ, Shen Y, Blanch EW, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL. Small angle X-ray scattering investigation of ionic liquid effect on the aggregation behavior of globular proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:376-388. [PMID: 37302221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globular proteins are well-folded model proteins, where ions can substantially influence their structure and aggregation. Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts in the liquid state with versatile ion combinations. Understanding the IL effect on protein behavior remains a major challenge. Here, we employed small angle X-ray scattering to investigate the effect of aqueous ILs on the structure and aggregation of globular proteins, namely, hen egg white lysozyme (Lys), human lysozyme (HLys), myoglobin (Mb), β-lactoglobulin (βLg), trypsin (Tryp) and superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP). The ILs contain ammonium-based cations paired with the mesylate, acetate or nitrate anion. Results showed that only Lys was monomeric, whereas the other proteins formed small or large aggregates in buffer. Solutions with over 17 mol% IL resulted in significant changes in the protein structure and aggregation. The Lys structure was expanded at 1 mol% but compact at 17 mol% with structural changes in loop regions. HLys formed small aggregates, with the IL effect similar to Lys. Mb and βLg mostly had distinct monomer and dimer distributions depending on IL type and IL concentration. Complex aggregation was noted for Tryp and sfGFP. While the anion had the largest ion effect, changing the cation also induced the structural expansion and protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Mohamad El Mohamad
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stuart Brown
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carlos J Rosado
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ewan W Blanch
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Review on the applications of atomic force microscopy imaging in proteins. Micron 2022; 159:103293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Examining the Availability and Accessibility of Rehabilitation Services in a Rural District of South Africa: A Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094692. [PMID: 33924910 PMCID: PMC8125304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rehabilitation services aim to optimise individuals’ functioning and reduce disability. However, people with disabilities, who represent a key population of users of rehabilitation services, continue to have unmet needs for rehabilitation services that include the provision of assistive devices. This paper examines the availability and accessibility of rehabilitation services in a rural district of South Africa in order to explore why unmet needs for rehabilitation services persist. Methods: All nine district hospitals in a rural district of South Africa were included in the study. Rehabilitation services capacity was assessed by examining the available assistive devices, consumables and human resources at the level of the health facility. Data collection was conducted using the Global Co-operative Assistive Technology [GATE] Assistive Products List, AT2030’s ATScale priority list and the South African National Catalogue of Commodities for Primary Health Care Facilities. Descriptive statistics were then used for the analysis. For the qualitative component, semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults with physical disabilities at household level to explore barriers to accessing assistive device inclusive rehabilitation services and the consequences thereof in the same rural district. An interview guide based on the WHO health system building blocks was used. Thematic content analysis guided the analysis of the interview transcripts. Findings: The findings of the research demonstrate that rehabilitation service capacity in the district was constrained as a result of low availability of assistive devices [2–22%] and consumables [2–47%], as well as, possibly, a shortage of rehabilitation providers [n = 30] with an unequal distribution across health facilities [n = 9]. In addition, people with physical disabilities reported poor referral pathways, financial constraints, transport and road consideration and equipment unavailability as barriers to accessing rehabilitation services. Moreover, these barriers to access predisposed individuals to finance-, health- and person-related harm. Conclusion: Rehabilitation service availability is constrained by a lack of service capacity in rural South Africa. In addition, the rehabilitation services in district hospitals are not adequately accessible because of existing barriers to enable key populations to achieve optimised functioning.
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Liu H, Hao C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Sun R. The interaction of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles with trypsin: Insights from adsorption behaviors, conformational structure and enzymatic activity investigations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111688. [PMID: 33721802 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (GO-AgNPs) hybrids by one-pot method. Since there are relatively few reports on whether GO-AgNPs bind and change the structure and function of trypsin, A variety of methods were employed to systematically characterize the molecular interaction between GO-AgNPs and trypsin. Results exhibited that GO-AgNPs bound with trypsin to form a ground state complex. GO-AgNPs had higher adsorption capacity for trypsin compared with single GO. Langmuir-Blodgett assembly method was used to confirm that AgNPs did not interfere with the adsorption of trypsin by GO. The secondary structure and the microenvironment of amino acid residues of trypsin were altered after interacting with GO-AgNPs. In addition, GO-AgNPs can enhance the activity of trypsin and promote the hydrolysis of bovine serum protein (BSA) by trypsin. These findings provide important support for the application of GO-based nanocomposites in the efficient immobilization of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Liu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Changchun Hao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Runguang Sun
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Khan MV, Zakariya SM, Khan RH. Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation: A tale of constructive to destructive assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:217-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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