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Algharib SA, Dawood AS, Huang L, Guo A, Zhao G, Zhou K, Li C, Liu J, Gao X, Luo W, Xie S. Basic concepts, recent advances, and future perspectives in the diagnosis of bovine mastitis. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e18. [PMID: 38311330 PMCID: PMC10839174 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that adversely affects the profitability of the dairy industry worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and identification of pathogens early to cull infected animals and minimize the spread of infection in herds is critical for improving treatment effects and dairy farm welfare. The major pathogens causing mastitis and pathogenesis are assessed first. The most recent and advanced strategies for detecting mastitis, including genomics and proteomics approaches, are then evaluated . Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, potential research directions, and future perspectives are reported. This review provides a theoretical basis to help veterinarians select the most sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting bovine mastitis early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Attia Algharib
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry & Science Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps., Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, QG, Egypt
| | - Ali Sobhy Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Lingli Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jinhuan Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wanhe Luo
- Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry & Science Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps., Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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He L, Chen B, Hu Y, Hu B, Li Y, Yang X. A sample-preparation-free, point-of-care testing system for in situ detection of bovine mastitis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5499-5509. [PMID: 37382653 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a highly integrated point-of-care testing (POCT) device capable of immediately and accurately screening bovine mastitis infection based on somatic cell counting (SCC). The system primarily consists of a homemade cell-counting chamber and a miniature fluorescent microscope. The cell-counting chamber is pre-embedded with acridine orange (AO) in advance, which is simple and practical. And then SCC is directly identified by microscopic imaging analysis to evaluate the bovine mastitis infection. Only 4 μL of raw bovine milk is required for a simple sample testing and accurate SCC. The entire assay process from sampling to result in presentation is completed quickly within 6 min, enabling instant "sample-in and answer-out." Under laboratory conditions, we mixed bovine leukocyte suspension with whole milk and achieved a detection limit as low as 2.12 × 104 cells/mL on the system, which is capable of screening various types of clinical standards of bovine milk. The fitting degrees of the proposed POCT system with manual fluorescence microscopy were generally consistent (R2 > 0.99). As a proof of concept, four fresh milk samples were used in the test. The average accuracy of somatic cell counts was 98.0%, which was able to successfully differentiate diseased cows from healthy ones. The POCT system is user-friendly and low-cost, making it a potential tool for on-site diagnosis of bovine mastitis in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Boheng Hu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems, International Joint-Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Systems of Henan Province, School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Borja KV, Amador AM, Parra SHS, Cárdenas CF, Núñez LF. Comparison of two diagnostic methods through blood and urine sample analyses for the detection of ketosis in cattle. Vet World 2022; 15:737-742. [PMID: 35497956 PMCID: PMC9047117 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.737-742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Several Ecuadorian farms use human test strips (cheaper than veterinary strips) to diagnose bovine ketosis; however, their reliability is unknown. This study aimed to determine the confidence level of human strips for the detection of ketosis in bovines by comparing two diagnostic methods for ketosis: one used in bovines (gold standard) to analyze blood samples and the other used in humans to analyze urine samples. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on an Ecuadorian farm using 50 animals, ten from each of five categories: heifers, 4 months pregnant (4MP), 15 days prepartum (15DPRE), 15 days postpartum (15DPOST), and 42 days postpartum (42DPOST). Blood samples were collected through coccygeal venipuncture and urine samples were collected during spontaneous urination. BHBCheck™ assay was used to measure b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the blood, whereas Combur10Test® was used to measure acetoacetate (AcAc) in urine for the determination of ketosis. Results: BHB was detected in all animals. Based on a ketosis cutoff point of 0.8-1.2 mmol/L, 13 animals from the 15DPOST and 42DPOST categories had ketosis; AcAc was detected in the urine from nine animals originated from the two same categories. Metabolites, either BHB or AcAc, were not detected in heifers, 4MP, or 15DPRE individuals. Finally, the BHBCheck™ assay had better efficiency in detecting ketosis in animals (p<0.05) than the Combur10Test®. Conclusion: Combur10Test® urine strips reached 92% reliability for the detection of ketosis in dairy cattle, compared to BHBCheck™ assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Verónica Borja
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124
| | - Andrés Miguel Amador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124
| | - Silvana Hipatia Santander Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124
| | - Cristian Fernando Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124
| | - Luis Fabian Núñez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, One Health Research Group; Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, Antigua Vía a Nayón S/N, Quito EC 170124
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