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Zhang B, Wang M, Sun L, Liu J, Yin L, Xia M, Zhang L, Liu X, Cheng Y. Recent Advances in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Are PDCs the Next Generation of ADCs? J Med Chem 2024; 67:11469-11487. [PMID: 38980167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, and linkers, which can integrate the advantages of antibodies and small molecule drugs to achieve targeted cancer treatment. However, ADCs also have some shortcomings, such as non-negligible drug resistance, a low therapeutic index, and payload-related toxicity. Many studies have focused on changing the composition of ADCs, and some have even further extended the concept and types of targeted conjugated drugs by replacing the targeted antibodies in ADCs with peptides, revolutionarily introducing peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs). This Perspective summarizes the current research status of ADCs and PDCs and highlights the structural innovations of ADC components. In particular, PDCs are regarded as the next generation of potential targeted drugs after ADCs, and the current challenges of PDCs are analyzed. Our aim is to offer fresh insights for the efficient design and expedited development of innovative targeted conjugated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Libinghan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
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Fayez H, Selim A, Shamma R, Rashed H. Intranasal Radioiodinated Ferulic Acid Polymeric Micelles as the First Nuclear Medicine Imaging Probe for ETRA Brain Receptor. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:209-217. [PMID: 38213167 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710269885231113070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this work was to prepare a selective nuclear medicine imaging probe for the Endothelin 1 receptor A in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ferulic acid (an ETRA antagonist) was radiolabeled using 131I by direct electrophilic substitution method. The radiolabeled ferulic acid was formulated as polymeric micelles to allow intranasal brain delivery. Biodistribution was studied in Swiss albino mice by comparing brain uptake of 131I-ferulic acid after IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles, IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution and IV administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution. RESULTS Successful radiolabeling was achieved with an RCY of 98 % using 200 μg of ferulic acid and 60 μg of CAT as oxidizing agents at pH 6, room temperature and 30 min reaction time. 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were successfully formulated with the particle size of 21.63 nm and polydispersity index of 0.168. Radioactivity uptake in the brain and brain/blood uptake ratio for I.N 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were greater than the two other routes at all periods. CONCLUSION Our results provide 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles as a hopeful nuclear medicine tracer for ETRA brain receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Fayez
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adli Selim
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Hassan Rashed
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
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Darwish WM, Bayoumi NA, El-Shershaby HM, Moustafa KA. A novel gold-polymer-antibody conjugate for targeted (radio-photothermal) treatment of HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:53-71. [PMID: 35929853 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Localization of the near-infrared (NIR) plasmonic nanoparticles at the tumor sites is essential for safe and efficient photothermal therapy of cancer. In this work, two biocompatible polymers: modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) were used to bind plasmonic hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) to the tumor-specific antibody, atezolizumab (ATZ). The photo-immunoconjugate (HAuNS-PEI-PEG-ATZ) was prepared via a simple and cost-effective procedure. The conjugate was also prepared with the radioiodinated antibody (ATZ-131I) to combine the targeted radio- and photothermal cytotoxic actions against human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. In vitro study revealed that attachment to the antibody and the use of cellular internalizing polymers enhanced the cellular localization of both gold and the radiotherapeutic Iodine-131. Compared to bare gold nanoparticles, (HAuNS-PEI-PEG-ATZ) conjugate exhibited a significantly enhanced photothermal ablation of HepG2 cells after laser irradiation (0.4 W cm-2, 5 min). Laser irradiation of the cells treated with the radiolabeled conjugate (HAuNS-PEI-PEG-ATZ-131I) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells due to the combinatorial cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Darwish
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Noha A Bayoumi
- Department of Radiolabelled Compounds, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Shershaby
- Department of Radiolabelled Compounds, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamel A Moustafa
- Department of Radiolabelled Compounds, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Łażewski D, Murias M, Wierzchowski M. Pegylation – in search of balance and enhanced bioavailability. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of finding better therapeutics, thousands of new molecules are synthesised every day. Many of these can be poorly soluble in water, leading to a potentially promising drug being rejected during testing due to its poor solubility. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has become known as an excellent modification to remedy this and was initially used to increase circulation time and reduce the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Thus significantly increasing their safety and range of use. Another group of compounds in which significant benefits of pegylation have been seen are photosensitisers. Used in photodynamic therapy, they are often characterised by very high hydrophobicity. Pegylation of their structure significantly increases their affinity for cancer cells and facilitates their penetration through cell membranes. Classical small-molecule drugs can benefit from temporary combinations hydrolysed in the body or very short PEG chains. This approach allows a significant increase in the bioavailability of the drug while avoiding the disadvantages of small molecule pegylation. However, the most common motive for pegylation recently is the creation of drug carriers. Liposomes and nanoparticles make it possible to exploit the advantages of PEG to stabilise their structure and increase circulation time while not modifying the structure of the active compound. Unfortunately, PEGs also have their drawbacks. The first is their high molecular weight range, especially for longer chains, which poses difficulties in purification. Another is the emergence of antibodies directed against PEG. Nevertheless, pegylation is still an up-and-coming method for modifying pharmaceutically active molecules.
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Rennie CC, Edkins RM. Targeted cancer phototherapy using phthalocyanine-anticancer drug conjugates. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13157-13175. [PMID: 36018269 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and photothermal, whereby photosensitizer irradiation generates reactive oxygen species or heat, respectively, to disrupt the cancer microenvironment. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are prominent phototherapeutics due to their desirable optical properties and structural versatility. Targeting of Pc photosensitizers historically relied on the enhanced permeation and retention effect, but the weak specificity engendered by this approach has hindered bench-to-clinic translation. To improve specificity, antibody and peptide active-targeting groups have been employed to some effect. An alternative targeting method exploits the binding of anticancer drugs to direct the photosensitizer close to essential cellular components, allowing for precise, synergistic phototherapy. This Perspective explores the use of Pc-drug conjugates as targeted anticancer phototherapeutic systems with examples of Pc-platin, Pc-kinase, and Pc-anthracycline conjugates discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Rennie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Robert M Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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Darwish WM, Bayoumi NA, Ebeid NH. Biocompatible mucoadhesive nanoparticles for brain targeting of ropinirole hydrochloride: Formulations, radiolabeling and biodistribution. Biopolymers 2022; 113:e23489. [PMID: 35403210 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two nanoformulations with mucoadhesive properties and brain-targeting mechanisms were designed to deliver the anti-Parkinson's drug, ropinirole hydrochloride (RH). In the first formulation, RH and the amphiphilic block copolymer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(caprolactone) were assembled in a core-shell morphology followed by coating with a mucoadhesive chitosan outer layer producing a multilayer vehicle (MLV). In the second formulation, RH was encapsulated during the polyelectrolyte complexation of two natural polymers, chitosan and alginate producing RH-loaded chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte (PEC) nanocomplex. Conditions of each formulation were adopted for optimal drug loading. Physico-chemical characterization of the prepared formulations (particle size, polydispersity index and zeta-potential) exhibited stable monodispersed nanoparticles. RH was radiolabeled by I-131 radiotracer in a high-radiochemical yield. Biodistribution and brain targeting of RH from the prepared formulations were studied after administration of 131 I-RH-loaded nanoparticles to albino mice via intranasal and intravenous routs. Elevated brain radioactivity was detected post IN administration of (131 I-RH/PCL-PEG/CS) nanoparticles and (131 I-RH/CS-ALG) nanoparticles comparing with the IN administrated RH solutions (Cmax = 2.8 ± 0.3, 2 ± 0.3, 0.93 ± 0.03% radioactivity/g, 1 h post administration, respectively). This demonstrated that a relatively high-brain targeting could be achieved via intranasal route of administration of RH-loaded nanoparticles. The proposed models are further potential for application to deliver many other brain-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Darwish
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Noha A Bayoumi
- Department of Radiolabeled Compounds, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed H Ebeid
- Department of Radiolabeled Compounds, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Recent Progress in Phthalocyanine-Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092426. [PMID: 34578740 PMCID: PMC8469866 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes the last decade’s developments in the field of phthalocyanine (Pc)-polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), including studies with at least in vitro data. Moreover, special attention will be paid to the various strategies for enhancing the behavior of Pc-polymeric NPs in PDT, underlining the great potential of this class of nanomaterials as advanced Pcs’ nanocarriers for cancer PDT. This review shows that there is still a lot of research to be done, opening the door to new and interesting nanodelivery systems.
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Lei N, Shen Y, Li Y, Tao P, Yang L, Su Z, Zheng K. Electrochemical Iodoamination of Indoles Using Unactivated Amines. Org Lett 2020; 22:9184-9189. [PMID: 33185451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly electrochemical approach for iodoamination of various indole derivatives with a series of unactivated amines, amino acid derivatives, and benzotriazoles (more than 80 examples) has been developed. This strategy was further applied in late-stage functionalization of natural products and pharmaceuticals and gram-scale synthesis and radiosynthesis of 131I-labeled compounds. Fundamental insights into the mechanism of the reaction based on control experiments, density functional theory calculation, and cyclic voltammetry are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Pan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Liquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Gierlich P, Mata AI, Donohoe C, Brito RMM, Senge MO, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Ligand-Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5317. [PMID: 33202648 PMCID: PMC7698280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment which involves a photosensitizer (PS), light at a specific wavelength for PS activation and oxygen, which combine to elicit cell death. While the illumination required to activate a PS imparts a certain amount of selectivity to PDT treatments, poor tumor accumulation and cell internalization are still inherent properties of most intravenously administered PSs. As a result, common consequences of PDT include skin photosensitivity. To overcome the mentioned issues, PSs may be tailored to specifically target overexpressed biomarkers of tumors. This active targeting can be achieved by direct conjugation of the PS to a ligand with enhanced affinity for a target overexpressed on cancer cells and/or other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Alternatively, PSs may be incorporated into ligand-targeted nanocarriers, which may also encompass multi-functionalities, including diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we highlight the major advances in active targeting of PSs, either by means of ligand-derived bioconjugates or by exploiting ligand-targeting nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gierlich
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Ana I. Mata
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
| | - Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rui M. M. Brito
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- BSIM Therapeutics, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Lígia C. Gomes-da-Silva
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
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Darwish W. Polymers for enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy: Phthalocyanines as a photosensitzer model. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Darwish
- Laser Technology Group, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences; Department of Polymers and Pigments National Research Centre Giza Egypt
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Darwish WM, Abdoon AS, Shata MS, Elmansy M. Vincristine-loaded polymeric corona around gold nanorods for combination (chemo-photothermal) therapy of oral squamous carcinoma. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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