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Deng M, Gao F, Liu T, Zhan W, Quan J, Zhao Z, Wu X, Zhong Z, Zheng H, Chu J. T. gondii excretory proteins promote the osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells via the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:386. [PMID: 38951811 PMCID: PMC11218376 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone defects, resulting from substantial bone loss that exceeds the natural self-healing capacity, pose significant challenges to current therapeutic approaches due to various limitations. In the quest for alternative therapeutic strategies, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising avenue. Notably, excretory proteins from Toxoplasma gondii (TgEP), recognized for their immunogenicity and broad spectrum of biological activities secreted or excreted during the parasite's lifecycle, have been identified as potential facilitators of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Building on our previous findings that TgEP can enhance osteogenic differentiation, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect and assessed its therapeutic potential in vivo. METHODS We determined the optimum concentration of TgEP through cell cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays. Subsequently, hBMSCs were treated with the appropriate concentration of TgEP. We assessed osteogenic protein markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, and Osx, as well as components of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), siRNA interference of hBMSCs, Western blot analysis, and other methods. Furthermore, we created a bone defect model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats and filled the defect areas with the GelMa hydrogel, with or without TgEP. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to analyze the bone parameters of defect sites. H&E, Masson and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the repair conditions of the defect area. RESULTS Our results indicate that TgEP promotes the expression of key osteogenic markers, including ALP, Runx2, and Osx, as well as the activation of Smad1, BMP2, and phosphorylated Smad1/5-crucial elements of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using a bone defect model in rats demonstrated that TgEP markedly promoted bone defect repair. CONCLUSION Our results provide compelling evidence that TgEP facilitates hBMSC osteogenic differentiation through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic approach for bone tissue engineering for bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Deng
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhan
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juanhua Quan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ziquan Zhao
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuolan Zhong
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Jiaqi Chu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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Hassouna SS, Allam EA, Sheta E, Khodear GAM, Khedr MI, Khedr SI, Gomaa MM. Vaccination with Toxoplasma lysate antigen or its encapsulated niosomes form immunomodulates adjuvant-induced arthritis through JAK3 downregulation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3101-3114. [PMID: 37389660 PMCID: PMC10692027 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory autoimmune arthritis like that present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is treated by medications with many side effects. This study was a trial to benefit from Toxoplasma immune-modulatory effects on its host to treat arthritis in rat model resembling joints affection of RA. To avoid hazards of infection, Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) was given instead of the whole infection, in addition to giving its encapsulated niosomes form, assuming that it would enhance the effect of TLA alone, to compare effects of both on disease activity with that of prednisolone. METHODS Swiss albino rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control group and the remaining 5 groups were injected by CFA adjuvant to induce arthritis; one of those groups was the untreated model. Each of the other groups received one of the following (TLA, TLA-encapsulated niosomes, prednisolone or niosomes) for comparison of their results. Inflammatory markers measured at the end of the experiment were: interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-10 and CRP by ELISA technique; histopathological assessment of the biopsied hind paw joints was done and also, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TLA and TLA-encapsulated niosomes both mitigated the signs of clinical and histopathological arthritis and were having anti-inflammatory effects (decreased CRP, IL-17 and JAK3 expressions, while increased IL-10 levels) with better effects in TLA-encapsulated niosomes-treated RA group, both groups' results were comparable to prednisolone. Niosomes also gave some anti-inflammatory effects but were mild in comparison to TLA and TLA-encapsulated niosomes. CONCLUSION Vaccination with both TLA and TLA-encapsulated niosomes for the first time in adjuvant-induced arthritis ameliorated the disease through diversion of immune system and JAK3 downregulation. Both vaccinations should be further tested to evaluate the possibility of their introduction for disease treatment and in other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S Hassouna
- Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Allam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gehan A M Khodear
- Medical Technology Center, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Khedr
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Khedr
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha M Gomaa
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Aboukamar WA, Habib S, Tharwat S, Nassar MK, Elzoheiry MA, Atef R, Elmehankar MS. Association between toxoplasmosis and autoimmune rheumatic diseases in Egyptian patients. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2023; 19:488-494. [PMID: 37945182 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between T. gondii and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). METHODS This study involved 82 patients with ARDs: 44 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 28 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 10 systemic sclerosis (SSc) and 61 age- and sex-matched controls. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and disease activity was assessed. Exposure to toxoplasmosis risk factors was investigated. Serological tests for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies were assessed using ELISA. RESULTS In SLE patients, a significant difference of T. gondii IgM versus controls was detected (P=.03). In RA and SLE patients, T. gondii IgG showed a significant difference versus controls (34 (77.3%) P=.001 and 18 (64.3%) P=.03, respectively). There was no significant difference in SSc versus controls. Fetal congenital anomalies displayed a significant difference in IgM seropositive compared to seronegative patients (P=.04). Cat exposure showed a significant difference between IgM and IgG seropositive versus seronegative patients (12 (80.0%) P=.02 and 34 (59.6) P=.04, respectively). There was no significant difference in seropositive patients regarding history of abortion, neuro-psychiatric manifestations, disease activity parameters (ESR, CRP), or different regimens of medications. CONCLUSION Toxoplasma IgM seropositivity is associated with SLE patients. T. gondii IgG seropositivity is associated with both RA and SLE patients. However, Toxoplasma seropositivity had no association with SSc patients. An association between fetal congenital anomalies and IgM seropositivity was demonstrated. A linkage between cat exposure as a risk factor and toxoplasmosis was suggested among ARD patiants. Exploration of impact of toxoplasmosis on ARDs is a necessity through randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Aboukamar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Samar Habib
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar Tharwat
- Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamal Nassar
- Mansoura Nephrology & Dialysis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal A Elzoheiry
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania Atef
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Manar S Elmehankar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Asghari A, Nourmohammadi H, Majidiani H, Shariatzadeh SA, Anvari D, Shamsinia S, Ghasemi E, Shams M, Basati G. Promising effects of parasite-derived compounds on tumor regression: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32383-32396. [PMID: 35146610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The parasites are repeatedly confronting their host to take advantage of nutrients for multiplication and survival. In this sense, a wide spectrum of molecules is released from both sides, with immune-regulatory activity, accompanying this biological battle. Such parasites and their valuable molecules can be directed toward microbial-based cancer therapy. Herein, we contrived a systematic review to gather information on the antitumor activity of parasite-derived compounds. Following systematic search in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest and Embase until 31 December 2019, a total number of 51 articles (54 datasets) were finally included in this review. Thirteen parasitic agents were found to possess possible antitumor activity, comprising protozoan species Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trichomonas vaginalis, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Besnoitia jellisoni, Leishmania major, Plasmodium yoelii, and Plasmodium lophurae, as well as parasitic helminths Toxocara canis, Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia crassiceps, Trichinella spiralis, and Schistosoma mansoni. Most experiments were done based on antigenic preparations from T. gondii (16 studies), E. granulosus (10 studies), T. spiralis (8 studies), and T. cruzi (6 studies). Possible antitumor properties of the selected parasites were revealed in this review. However, precise molecular basis of anticancer activity for each parasite remains to be elucidated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Nourmohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
- Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Anvari
- Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shamsinia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezatollah Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Gholam Basati
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Gaballah EM, Morita K, Shimizu S, Elhenawy AA, Nabih N, Elsawey AM, Abdel-Mageed SA, Osada Y. Non-lethal rodent malarial infection prevents collagen-induced arthritis in mice via anti-arthritic immunomodulation. Parasite Immunol 2021; 44:e12901. [PMID: 34931316 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immunomodulatory effects of parasitic infections on the outcomes of allergic or autoimmune disorders have been addressed in many experimental studies. We examined the effects of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL (Py) infection on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS AND RESULTS Male DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (IIC). Py inoculation was induced at three different time points (1, 4 weeks after or 4 weeks before the immunization). Only the inoculation at 4 weeks after IIC immunization significantly inhibited arthritis development. Non-malarial anaemia induced by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ) did not affect arthritis development. In the infected mice, anti-IIC IgG levels were transiently reduced. In addition, splenic production of pro-arthritic cytokines (IL-17 and TNF-α) and IFN-γ decreased, whereas IL-10 production increased. Flow cytometric analysis clarified that the main IL-10 producers in Py-infected mice had the CD4+ CD25- Foxp3- phenotype, presumably Tr1 cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that experimental malarial infection alleviated autoimmune arthritis via immunomodulation, suggesting the importance of malaria in the hygiene hypothesis and the significance of searching for therapeutic immunomodulatory molecules from malarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Gaballah
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimizu
- Department of Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Abeer A Elhenawy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nairmen Nabih
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aliaa M Elsawey
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salama A Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yoshio Osada
- Department of Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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