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Fang L, Ma C, Wang G, Peng Y, Zhao H, Chen Y, Ma Y, Cai G, Cao Y, Pan F. Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Reproductive Endocrine and Glucose Homeostasis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age. Epidemiology 2024; 35:559-567. [PMID: 38534181 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial light at night, a well-recognized circadian clock disrupter, causes disturbances in endocrine homeostasis. However, the association of artificial light at night with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still unknown. This study examines the effects of outdoor artificial light at night on sex hormones, glucose homeostasis markers, and PCOS prevalence in Anhui Province, China. METHODS We recruited 20,633 women of reproductive age from Anhui Medical University Reproductive Medicine Center. PCOS was diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. We estimated long-term (previous year) and short-term (previous month) artificial light at night values for residential addresses using 500 m resolution satellite imagery. We fitted multivariable models, using both linear and logistic regression, to estimate the association of artificial light at night with sex hormones, glucose homeostasis markers, and PCOS prevalence. RESULTS Both long-term and short-term exposure to outdoor artificial light at night were negatively associated with follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, while positively associated with testosterone, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance-β levels. The second-highest quintile of artificial light at night was associated with increased PCOS prevalence (odds ratio [OR long-term ] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.6 and OR short-term = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.5) compared with the lowest quintile. In addition, prevalence of PCOS was linearly associated with long-term exposure to artificial light at night, but nonlinearly associated with short-term exposure. This association was more evident in younger, obese or overweight, moderately educated, rural women, and for the summer and fall seasons. CONCLUSION Outdoor artificial light at night may be a novel risk factor for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Fang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqi Cai
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Faming Pan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Jha NA, Taufique SKT, Kumar V. Constant light and pinealectomy disrupt daily rhythm in song production and negatively impact reproductive performance in zebra finches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:731-746. [PMID: 38441848 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the circadian clock control of singing and reproductive performance in zebra finches. Experiment 1 examined changes in body mass, testis size, and plasma corticosterone and testosterone levels in male birds exposed to constant light (LL, 100 lx) and constant darkness (DD, 0.5 lx), with controls on 12L:12D (L = 100 lx, D = 0.5 lx). There was a significant increase in the body mass and testis size under LL and a decrease in testis size under the DD. Using a similar design, experiment 2 assessed the persistence of the circadian rhythm in singing along with activity-rest pattern in cohort I birds that were entrained to 12L:12D and subsequently released in DD or LL, and in cohort II birds that were entrained to 12L:12D and following pinealectomy were released in DD. Both activity and singing patterns were synchronized with the light phase under 12L:12D, free-ran with a circadian period under DD, and were arrhythmic under the LL. There was an overall decreased and increased effect on singing under DD and LL, respectively, albeit with differences in various song parameters. The pinealectomy disrupted both activity and singing rhythms but did not affect singing or the overall song features. Pinealectomized bird pairs also exhibited a significant reduction in their nest-building and breeding efforts, resulting in a compromised reproductive performance. These results suggest a circadian clock control of singing and more importantly demonstrate a role of the pineal clock in breeding behaviors, leading to a compromised reproductive performance in diurnal zebra finches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Anand Jha
- Department of Zoology, IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
- Jindal School of Environment and Sustainability, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131 001, India
| | - S K Tahajjul Taufique
- Department of Zoology, IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003, India.
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Kaiser S, Henrich L, Kiessling I, Loy B, Schallner N. Neuroprotection via Carbon Monoxide Depends on the Circadian Regulation of CD36-Mediated Microglial Erythrophagocytosis in Hemorrhagic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1680. [PMID: 38338958 PMCID: PMC10855856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis for circadian dependency in stroke due to subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke (SAH) remains unclear. We reasoned that microglial erythrophagocytosis, crucial for SAH response, follows a circadian pattern involving carbon monoxide (CO) and CD36 surface expression. The microglial BV-2 cell line and primary microglia (PMG) under a clocked medium change were exposed to blood ± CO (250 ppm, 1 h) in vitro. Circadian dependency and the involvement of CD36 were analyzed in PMG isolated from control mice and CD36-/- mice and by RNA interference targeting Per-2. In vivo investigations, including phagocytosis, vasospasm, microglia activation and spatial memory, were conducted in an SAH model using control and CD36-/- mice at different zeitgeber times (ZT). In vitro, the surface expression of CD36 and its dependency on CO and phagocytosis occurred with changed circadian gene expression. CD36-/- PMG exhibited altered circadian gene expression, phagocytosis and impaired responsiveness to CO. In vivo, control mice with SAH demonstrated circadian dependency in microglia activation, erythrophagocytosis and CO-mediated protection at ZT2, in contrast to CD36-/- mice. Our study indicates that circadian rhythmicity modulates microglial activation and subsequent CD36-dependent phagocytosis. CO altered circadian-dependent neuroprotection and CD36 induction, determining the functional outcome in a hemorrhagic stroke model. This study emphasizes how circadian rhythmicity influences neuronal damage after neurovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaiser
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (N.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luise Henrich
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (N.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iva Kiessling
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (N.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Loy
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (N.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (N.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Kumar A, Prabhat A, Kumar V, Bhardwaj SK. Artificial night illumination disrupts sleep, and attenuates mood and learning in diurnal animals: evidence from behavior and gene expression studies in zebra finches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2247-2257. [PMID: 37329435 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an illuminated night on sleep, mood, and cognitive performance in non-seasonal diurnal zebra finches that were exposed for 6 weeks to an ecologically relevant dimly lit night (12L:12dLAN; 150 lx: 5 lx) with controls on the dark night (12L:12D; 150 lx: < 0.01 lx). Food and water were provided ad libitum. Under dLAN (dim light at night), birds showed disrupted nocturnal (frequent awakenings) and overall decreased sleep duration. They also exhibited a compromised novel object exploration, a marker of the bird's mood state, and committed more errors, took significantly longer duration to learn with low retrieval performance of the learned task when tested for a color-discrimination (learning) task under the dLAN. Further, compared to controls, there was reduced mRNA expression level of genes involved in the neurogenesis, neural plasticity (bdnf, dcx and egr1) and motivation (th, drd2, taar1 and htr2c; dopamine synthesis and signaling genes) in the brain (hippocampus (HP), nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), and midbrain) of birds under dLAN. These results show concurrent negative behavioral and molecular neural effects of the dimly illuminated nights, and provide insights into the possible impact on sleep and mental health in diurnal species inhabiting an increasingly urbanized ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India.
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Prabhat A, Buniyaadi A, Bhardwaj SK, Kumar V. Differential effects of continuous and intermittent daytime food deprivation periods on metabolism and reproductive performance in diurnal zebra finches. Horm Behav 2023; 152:105353. [PMID: 37003095 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether food availability effects on metabolism and reproduction are the result of the sum effect of daily feeding (food availability) and starvation (food deprivation) periods. Adult zebra finches were paired and subjected to a time-restricted feeding (TRF) regimen consisting of continuous and intermittent daytime food deprivation periods. Birds were given food during the 12-h day for a total of 4-h in the evening (1 *4-h, hour 8-12), or in 2 splits of 2 h each (2 * 2-h) or 4 splits 1 h each (4 * 1-h), with controls on food ad libitum, until they had the first egg clutch. TRF caused significant changes in hepatic expression of metabolism-associated sirt1, egr1, pparα and foxo1 genes despite no difference in the food intake, body mass and blood glucose levels. Importantly, TRF resulted in a significant reduction in plasma testosterone and estradiol levels, delayed nest-building and egg laying, and reduced clutch size. Concurrently, under TRF regimes, we found a significantly lower expression of th and mtr genes linked with motivation and affiliation (but not of dio2, dio3, gnrh1 and gnih genes linked with gonadal maturation) in the hypothalamus, and of star and hook 1 genes in the testes and star, cyp19 and erα genes in the ovary. These results demonstrate the importance of daily food deprivation times on the metabolism and reproduction, and suggest a possible provisioning of energy available from daily feeding for the maintenance of body condition at the expense of reproduction performance in diurnal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Prabhat
- IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Amaan Buniyaadi
- IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Sharma A, Tripathi V, Kumar V. Hypothalamic molecular correlates of photoperiod-induced spring migration in intact and castrated male redheaded buntings. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 561:111829. [PMID: 36526025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular changes associated with neural plasticity in photoperiodic induction of spring migration in intact and castrated redheaded bunting, Emberiza bruniceps. We measured the hypothalamic mRNA expression of genes in birds that were photostimulated into winter non-migratory and spring (vernal) migratory phenotypes under short and long photoperiods, respectively. These included genes associated with the appetitive phase of reproduction (spring migration drive, th and ddc genes encoding for tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine decarboxylase enzymes, respectively), sleep/awake state (pmch gene encoding for pro-melanin concentrating hormone; hcrt and hcrtr2 encoding for the hypocretin/orexin and its receptor, respectively) and neurogenesis (dcx and neuN coding for doublecortin and neuronal nuclear proteins, respectively). Higher th mRNA levels suggested an upregulated dopamine synthesis in the hypothalamus of spring migrants. Similarly, elevated hcrt and hcrtr2 mRNA levels suggested an increased wakefulness, and those of dcx and neuN genes suggested an enhanced neurogenesis during the spring migration state. Further, compared to intact birds, the lower th and pmch, and higher hcrtr2 and neuN mRNA levels in castrates suggested a role of testicular steroids in modulation of the appetitive phase of reproduction, sleep and awake states, and neurogenesis during spring migration period. These results provide insights into molecular changes linked with important hypothalamic molecular pathways and steroidal influence in the photoperiodic induction of spring migration in obligate migratory songbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Sharma
- IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Vatsala Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- IndoUS Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Guo YX, Wang BY, Gao H, Hua RX, Gao L, He CW, Wang Y, Xu JD. Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α: A Pivotal Regulator of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:864039. [PMID: 35558563 PMCID: PMC9086433 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.864039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α is a ligand-activated transcription factor distributed in various tissues and cells. It regulates lipid metabolism and plays vital roles in the pathology of the cardiovascular system. However, its roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are relatively less known. In this review, after summarizing the expression profile of PPAR-α in the GIT, we analyzed its functions in the GIT, including physiological control of the lipid metabolism and pathologic mediation in the progress of inflammation. The mechanism of this regulation could be achieved via interactions with gut microbes and further impact the maintenance of body circadian rhythms and the secretion of nitric oxide. These are also targets of PPAR-α and are well-described in this review. In addition, we also highlighted the potential use of PPAR-α in treating GIT diseases and the inadequacy of clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- Clinical Medicine of “5+3” Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Dong Xu,
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Artificial Light at Night, Higher Brain Functions and Associated Neuronal Changes: An Avian Perspective. BIRDS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/birds3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, there has been an unprecedented increase in usage of electrical lightning. This has led to increase in artificial light at night (ALAN), and it has been suggested as a source of environmental pollution. ALAN exposure has been reported to be associated with disruption of daily rhythms and serious health consequences, such as immune, metabolic, and cognitive dysfunctions in both birds and mammals. Given the worldwide pervasiveness of ALAN, this research topic is also important from an ecological perspective. In birds, daily timings and appropriate temporal niches are important for fitness and survival. Daily rhythms in a wide array of functions are regulated by the circadian clock(s) and endogenous oscillators present in the body. There is accumulating evidence that exposure to ALAN disrupts clock-regulated daily rhythms and suppresses melatonin and sleep in birds. Circadian clock, melatonin, and sleep regulate avian cognitive performance. However, there is limited research on this topic, and most of the insights on the adverse effects of ALAN on cognitive functions are from behavioural studies. Nevertheless, these results raise an intriguing question about the molecular underpinning of the ALAN-induced negative consequences on brain functions. Further research should be focused on the molecular links between ALAN and cognitive performance, including the role of melatonin, which could shed light on the mechanism by which ALAN exposures lead to negative consequences.
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Abstract
An increase in artificial night lighting has blurred the boundaries of day and night and transformed the natural day-night environment with alteration in the temporal niche of the animals. Male zebra finches were exposed to a dim light at night (dLAN) protocol (Light: dLAN, 12L = 200 lux: 12dLAN = 5 lux) with controls on darkness at night (Light: dark, 12L = 200 lux: 12D = 0 lux) for six weeks. We assayed sleep-wake, daily behaviors, mood, and cognition, as well as changes in physiological parameters. Dim light at night increased sleep frequency, delayed sleep onset, advanced awakening latency, and caused a reduction in total sleep duration. dLAN birds did not associate (physical association) with novel object and birds spent significantly lesser time on perch with novel object as compared to LD. In colour learning task, night illuminated birds took more time to learn and made more error, compared to LD. dLAN significantly altered the 24-h daily behavioral rhythm (amplitude and acrophase) of feeding, drinking, preening, and perch-hopping behavior. In particular, birds extended their feeding hours in the nighttime under dLAN, with no difference in total food intake. Birds under dLAN increased fattening and hence significantly increased body mass. Our results show that dim light at night altered feeding rhythm, caused decrease in sleep behavior, and negatively affected learning and memory performance in male zebra finches.
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