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Chen Y, Liang Q, Wei L, Zhou X. Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and White Clover Mosaic Virus Combined Infection Leads to Chloroplast Destruction and Alterations in Photosynthetic Characteristics of Nicotiana benthamiana. Viruses 2024; 16:1255. [PMID: 39205229 PMCID: PMC11359596 DOI: 10.3390/v16081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is one of the most widely distributed viruses; it often exhibits combined infection with white clover mosaic virus (WCMV). Even so, little is known about the effects of co-infection with AMV and WCMV on plants. To determine whether there is a synergistic effect of AMV and WCMV co-infection, virus co-infection was studied by electron microscopy, the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of AMV and WCMV co-infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Meanwhile, measurements were carried out on the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that the most severe disease development was induced by AMV and WCMV co-infection, and the disease grade was scale 7. N. benthamiana leaves induced mottled yellow-green alternating patterns, leaf wrinkling, and chlorosis, and chloroplasts were observed to be on the verge of disintegration. The relative accumulation of AMV CP and WCMV CP was significantly increased by 15.44-fold and 10.04-fold upon co-infection compared to that with AMV and WCMV single infection at 21 dpi. In addition, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, the net photosynthetic rate, the water use efficiency, the apparent electron transport rate, the PSII maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical quantum yield, and photochemical quenching were significantly reduced in leaves co-infected with AMV and WCMV compared to AMV- or WCMV-infected leaves and CK. On the contrary, the carotenoid content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, minimal fluorescence value, and non-photochemical quenching were significantly increased. These findings suggest that there was a synergistic effect between AMV and WCMV, and AMV and WCMV co-infection severely impacted the normal function of photosynthesis in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiaolan Liang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Petri M, Cordon GB, Diz VE, González GA, Lagorio MG. Chlorophyll fluorescence in sentinel plants for the surveillance of chemical risk. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112965. [PMID: 38955078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to develop natural plant systems to serve as biological sentinels for the detection of organophosphate pesticides in the environment. The working hypothesis was that the presence of the pesticide in the environment caused changes in the content of pigments and in the photosynthetic functioning of the plant, which could be evaluated non-destructively through the analysis of reflected light and emitted fluorescence. The objective of the research was to furnish in vivo indicators derived from spectroscopic parameters, serving as early alert signals for the presence of organophosphates in the environment. In this context, the effects of two pesticides, Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate, on the spectroscopic properties of aquatic plants (Vallisneria nana and Spathyfillum wallisii) were studied. Chlorophyll-a variable fluorescence allowed monitoring both pesticides' presence before any damage was observed at the naked eye, with the analysis of the fast transient (OJIP curve) proving more responsive than Kautsky kinetics, steady-state fluorescence, or reflectance measurements. Pesticides produced a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, in the proportion of PSII photochemical deexcitation relative to PSII non photochemical decay and in the probability that trapped excitons moved electrons into the photosynthetic transport chain beyond QA-. Additionally, an increase in the proportion of absorbed energy being dissipated as heat rather than being utilized in the photosynthetic process, was notorious. The pesticides induced a higher deactivation of chlorophyll excited states by photophysical pathways (including fluorescence) with a decrease in the quantum yields of photosystem II and heat dissipation by non-photochemical quenching. The investigated aquatic plants served as sentinels for the presence of pesticides in the environment, with the alert signal starting within the first milliseconds of electronic transport in the photosynthetic chain. Organophosphates damage animals' central nervous systems similarly to certain compounds found in chemical weapons, thus raising the possibility that sentinel plants could potentially signal the presence of such weapons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailén Petri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela B Cordon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Área de Educación Agropecuaria y Ambiental, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Diz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela A González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Lagorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina..
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He X, Liu S, Huang X, Yu F, Li Y, Li F, Liu K. Effects of sulfate on the photosynthetic physiology characteristics of Hydrocotyle vulgaris under zinc stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:724-735. [PMID: 37544656 DOI: 10.1071/fp23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sulfate on the zinc (Zn) bioaccumulation characteristics and photophysiological mechanisms of the ornamental plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris were explored using a hydroponic culture under three Zn concentrations (300, 500 and 700mgL-1 ) with (400μmolL-1 ) or without the addition of sulfate. Results showed that: (1) tissue Zn concentrations and total Zn contents increased with increasing hydroponic culture Zn concentrations; and sulfate addition decreased Zn uptake and translocation from roots to shoots; (2) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic pigment synthesis, while sulfate changed this phenomenon, especially for chlorophyll a under 300mgL-1 Zn treatment; (3) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic function, while sulfate had positive effects, especially on the photosynthetic rate (Pn ) and stomatal conductance (Gs ); and (4) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to light energy capture, transfer and assimilation were generally downregulated under Zn stress, while sulfate had a positive effect on these processes. Furthermore, compared to photosynthetic pigment synthesis and photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was more responsive, especially under 300mgL-1 Zn treatment with sulfate addition. In general, Zn stress affected photophysiological processes at different levels, while sulfate decreased Zn uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation and showed a positive function in alleviating Zn stress, ultimately resulting in plant growth promotion. All of these results provide a theoretical reference for combining H. vulgaris with sulfate application in the bioremediation of Zn-contaminated environments at the photophysiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Furong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
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Zhao B, Liu Z, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Shi W, Lu Q, Sun J. Saline-Alkaline Stress Resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes Grafted on Different Rootstocks and Rootstock Combinations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2881. [PMID: 37571034 PMCID: PMC10421111 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting the wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon onto salinity-tolerant rootstocks can improve salinity tolerance and grape yields in regions with high salinity soils. In this experiment, the effects of different rootstocks and rootstock combinations on the saline-alkaline stress (modified Hoagland nutrient solution + 50 mmol L-1 (NaCl + NaHCO3)) of Cabernet Sauvignon were studied. Correlation and principal component analyses were conducted on several physiological indicators of saline-alkaline stress. Salinity limited biomass accumulation, induced damage to the plant membrane, reduced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of plants, and increased the content of malondialdehyde, sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Significant differences in several indicators were observed among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the saline-alkaline tolerance of Cabernet Sauvignon after grafting was the same as that of the rootstock, indicating that the increased resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to saline-alkaline stress stems from the transferability of the saline-alkaline stress resistance of the rootstock to the scion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wenchao Shi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Qianjun Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Junli Sun
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
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Arief MAA, Kim H, Kurniawan H, Nugroho AP, Kim T, Cho BK. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Early Detection of Drought and Heat Stress in Strawberry Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1387. [PMID: 36987075 PMCID: PMC10057166 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of photosynthesis in strawberry plants is measured to maintain the quality and quantity of strawberries produced. The latest method used to measure the photosynthetic status of plants is chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI), which has the advantage of obtaining plant spatiotemporal data non-destructively. This study developed a CFI system to measure the maximum quantum efficiency of photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The main components of this system include a chamber for plants to adapt to dark environments, blue LED light sources to excite the chlorophyll in plants, and a monochrome camera with a lens filter attached to capture the emission spectra. In this study, 120 pots of strawberry plants were cultivated for 15 days and divided into four treatment groups: control, drought stress, heat stress, and a combination of drought and heat stress, resulting in Fv/Fm values of 0.802 ± 0.0036, 0.780 ± 0.0026, 0.768 ± 0.0023, and 0.749 ± 0.0099, respectively. A strong correlation was found between the developed system and a chlorophyll meter (r = 0.75). These results prove that the developed CFI system can accurately capture the spatial and temporal dynamics resulting from the response of strawberry plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akbar Andi Arief
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangi Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hary Kurniawan
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Andri Prima Nugroho
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Agriculture Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Smart Agricultural System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Torres R, Diz VE, Lagorio MG. Improved photosynthetic performance induced by Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:1931-1946. [PMID: 35939255 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between 11 nm-sized magnetite nanoparticles and Cichorium intybus plants was studied in this work. In particular, the effect of these nanoparticles on the photosynthesis electron chain was carefully analysed. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesised and physically characterised by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Magnetic hysteresis cycles and UV-visible spectroscopy. Suspensions of the obtained magnetite nanoparticles with different concentrations (10-1000 ppm) were sprayed over chicory leaves and their photosynthetic activity was evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. The study was complemented with the determination of pigment concentration and spectral reflectance indices. The whole set of results was compared to those obtained for control (non-treated) plants. Magnetite nanoparticles caused an increment in the content of Chlorophyll a (up to 36%) and Chlorophyll b (up to 41%). The ratio Chlorophyll/ Carotenoids significantly increased (up to 29%) and the quotient Chlorophyll a/b remained relatively constant, except for a sharp increase (19%) at 100 ppm. The reflectance index that best manifested the improvement in chlorophyll content was the modified Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (mNDI), with a maximum increase of about 35%. Electronic transport fluxes were favoured and the photosynthetic parameters derived from Kautsky's kinetics were improved. An optimal concentration of nanoparticles (100 ppm) for the most beneficial effects on photosynthesis was identified. For this dose, the probability by which a trapped electron in PSII was transferred up to PSI acceptors (ΦRE0) was doubled and the parameter that quantifies the energy conservation of photons absorbed by PSII up to the reduction of PSI acceptors ([Formula: see text]), augmented five times. The fraction of absorbed energy used for photosynthesis increased to 86% and the energy lost as heat by the non-photochemical quenching mechanism was reduced to 31%. Beyond 100 ppm, photosynthetic parameters declined but remained above the values of the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Torres
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Emilse Diz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Lagorio
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Modulations in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Based on Intensity and Spectral Variations of Light. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105599. [PMID: 35628428 PMCID: PMC9146714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency is significantly affected by both qualitative and quantitative changes during light exposure. The properties of light have a profound effect on electron transport and energy absorption in photochemical reactions. In addition, fluctuations in light intensity and variations in the spectrum can lead to a decrease in photosystem II efficiency. These features necessitate the use of a simple and suitable tool called chlorophyll a fluorescence to study photosynthetic reactions as a function of the aforementioned variables. This research implies that chlorophyll a fluorescence data can be used to determine precise light conditions that help photoautotrophic organisms optimally function.
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Nanobiophotonics. Effect of Carbon nanoparticles on the optical and spectroscopic properties of Cichorium intybus leaves. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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