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Georgiopoulou E, Kavetsou E, Alexandratou E, Detsi A, Politopoulos K. Cyclodextrins as nanocarriers of hydrophobic silicon phthalocyanine dichloride for the enhancement of photodynamic therapy effect. J Biomater Appl 2025; 39:933-951. [PMID: 39644183 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241306858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, silicon phthalocyanine dichloride (SiCl2Pc) was successfully encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxy-propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using the kneading method. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) demonstrated complexes of various hydrodynamic diameters with moderate stability in aqueous solutions. Their structural characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy (FT- IR) indicated that a part of phthalocyanine is located inside the cyclodextrin cavity. Both photophysical and photochemical studies showed that phthalocyanine's encapsulation in cyclodextrins increased its aqueous solubility. The photodynamic studies against A431 cancer cell line indicated that the complexes are more effective than pure SiCl2Pc. Pure SiCl2Pc's photodynamic effect is characterized as dose-dependent, whereas both complexes presented a biphasic dose-response photodynamic effect. For the highest energy dose of 3.24 J/cm2, pure SiCl2Pc induced mild cell toxicity. SiCl2Pc-β-CD complex was the most promising photosensitizer, exhibiting the highest photodynamic effect when irradiated at 2.16 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Georgiopoulou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kavetsou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Alexandratou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Politopoulos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wu Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang P, Zhang H, Yan J, Yan Y, Liu P, Zhao J, Zeng Q, Wang X. The 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Modulates Lipid Production by Protein Kinase B/JunD-Mediated NR4A1 Activation in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2025:S0022-202X(25)00090-9. [PMID: 39922453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2025.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
Severe acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting individuals worldwide, with abnormal sebaceous gland function closely linked to its pathogenesis. The 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective and safe treatment for severe acne; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. In this study, we first noted a decrease in lipid production after ALA-PDT in patients with acne, acne-like mouse models, and the human immortalized sebocyte cell line XL-i-20. Through RNA sequencing, we identified significant upregulation of the transcription factor NR4A1 after ALA-PDT. Further confirmation of NR4A1 upregulation and its nuclear translocation under ALA-PDT was obtained in vitro and in vivo. Both the knockdown and overexpression of NR4A1 were shown to reverse or enhance the suppressive effect of ALA-PDT on lipid production. The following findings suggest that ALA-PDT inhibits protein kinase B signaling pathway, resulting in the activation of JunD, which subsequently enhances NR4A1 transcription and facilitates its inhibitory effect on lipid production. Overall, our findings highlight the crucial role of NR4A1 in regulating sebaceous lipids, elucidate the mechanism through which ALA-PDT treats acne, and lay the groundwork for enhancing the clinical applications of ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Qureshi S, Rehan Z, Ao A, Mukovozov I. Photodynamic Therapy in Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review. J Cutan Med Surg 2025; 29:69-73. [PMID: 39552358 PMCID: PMC11829500 DOI: 10.1177/12034754241291031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Acne is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an energy-based treatment shown to be safe in acne vulgaris, although the mechanism of action of PDT in acne is incompletely understood. This review summarizes the clinical features of and treatment efficacy in acne patients treated with PDT. A systematic review of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted. Title, abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction were completed using Covidence. Studies reporting the use of PDT in patients with acne were included while clinical features and treatment responses were extracted. Treatment outcomes were scored as complete response, partial response, and no response. After screening a total of 1122 studies, 82 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 56 prospective studies, 25 randomized controlled trials, and 1 retrospective study. Results representing 4340 patients with acne (mean age 24.4 years; 52% females) treated with PDT are summarized. Overall, 2154 (50%) participants underwent aminolevulinic acid PDT, 452 (10%) participants underwent methyl aminolevulinate PDT, 28 (<1%) participants underwent daylight PDT, and 1706 (39%) underwent other modalities of PDT. The average follow-up period after study completion was 3 months, ranging from 2 weeks to 13 months. A partial response was observed in treated patients with outcome measures including clinical response, lesion count, pain, recurrence, and patient satisfaction. This systematic review provides preliminary data summarizing the clinical features and treatment efficacy in patients with acne treated with PDT. Our results suggest a partial clinical response when using PDT to manage acne. Future studies should focus on standardizing study protocols and drawing direct comparisons between PDT and other modalities for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simal Qureshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Zahra Rehan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aggie Ao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Wysocki M, Ptaszek M, Sobotta Ł. Advances and perspectives in use of semisolid formulations for photodynamic methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 204:114485. [PMID: 39255919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Although nearly 30 years have passed since the introduction of the first clinically approved photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, progress in developing new pharmaceutical formulations remains unsatisfactory. This review highlights that despite years of research, many recurring challenges and issues remain unresolved. The paper includes an analysis of selected essential studies involving aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, as well as other photosensitizers with potential for development as medical products. Among various possible vehicles, special attention is given to gelatin, alginates, poly(ethylene oxide), polyacrylic acid, and chitosan. The focus is particularly on infectious and cancerous diseases. Key aspects of developing new semi-solid drug forms should prioritize the creation of easily manufacturable and biocompatible preparations for clinical use. At the same time, new formulations should preserve the primary function of photosensitizers, which is the generation of reactive oxygen species capable of destroying pathogenic cells or tumors. Additionally, the use of adjuvant properties of carriers, which can enhance the effectiveness of macrocycles, is emphasized, especially in chitosan-based antibacterial formulations. Current research indicates that many promising dyes and macrocyclic compounds with high potential as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy remain unexplored in formulation and development work. This review outlines potential new and previously explored pathways for advancing photosensitizers as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Łukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Sparling K, O'Haver JA. Acne Demystified: A Roadmap to Clear and Healthy Skin for Your Patients. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:1029-1037. [PMID: 38014501 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231210710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Sparling
- College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM, Zuccari G. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Antibacterial Oxidative Therapies: Available Methods to Generate ROS and a Novel Option Proposal. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7182. [PMID: 39000290 PMCID: PMC11241369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens causes difficult-to-treat infections with long-term hospitalizations and a high incidence of death, thus representing a global public health problem. To manage MDR bacteria bugs, new antimicrobial strategies are necessary, and their introduction in practice is a daily challenge for scientists in the field. An extensively studied approach to treating MDR infections consists of inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by several methods. Although further clinical investigations are mandatory on the possible toxic effects of ROS on mammalian cells, clinical evaluations are extremely promising, and their topical use to treat infected wounds and ulcers, also in presence of biofilm, is already clinically approved. Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks at 200-1000 °C in the limited presence of O2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that BC's capability of removing organic and inorganic xenobiotics is mainly due to the presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), which can activate oxygen, H2O2, or persulfate in the presence or absence of transition metals by electron transfer, thus generating ROS, which in turn degrade pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this context, the antibacterial effects of BC-containing PFRs have been demonstrated by some authors against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thus giving birth to our idea of the possible use of BC-derived PFRs as a novel method capable of inducing ROS generation for antimicrobial oxidative therapy. Here, the general aspects concerning ROS physiological and pathological production and regulation and the mechanism by which they could exert antimicrobial effects have been reviewed. The methods currently adopted to induce ROS production for antimicrobial oxidative therapy have been discussed. Finally, for the first time, BC-related PFRs have been proposed as a new source of ROS for antimicrobial therapy via AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
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Clément S, Winum JY. Photodynamic therapy alone or in combination to counteract bacterial infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:401-414. [PMID: 38439633 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibacterial photodynamic therapy presents a promising alternative to antibiotics, with potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria, offering broad-spectrum action, reduced resistance risk, and improved tissue selectivity. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews patent literature in the field of antibacterial photodynamic therapy through the period of 2019-2023. All data are from the US and European patent databases and SciFinder. EXPERT OPINION Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an appealing approach for treating bacterial infections, especially biofilm-related ones, by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation. Its success is driven by a growing variety of photosensitizers (PSs) with tailored properties, like water solubility, controllable surface charge, and ROS generation efficiency. Among them, Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE)-type PSs are promising, demonstrating enhanced efficacy when aggregated in biological environments. However, the penetration of pristine PSs into bacterial biofilms within deep tissues or complex anatomical regions is limited, reducing their antibacterial effectiveness. To address this, nanotechnology has been integrated into antibacterial PDT to synthesize various nano-PSs. This adaptability allows seamless integration with other antimicrobial treatments, offering a comprehensive approach to combat localized infections, especially in dentistry and dermatology. By combining PSs with complementary therapies, antibacterial PDT offers a multifaceted strategy for effective microbial control and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Serra-Guillén C, Llombart B, Sanmartín O. Long-Term Improvement of Different Types of Acne Vulgaris Using a Mild Photodynamic Therapy Protocol with BF-200 ALA Gel: A Series of Cases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2658. [PMID: 38731187 PMCID: PMC11084902 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a promising alternative for patients with acne vulgaris. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red light photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA gel in the treatment of different types of acne vulgaris. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study of a series of 22 cases. All patients were treated according to a mild PDT protocol. After a careful wash of the affected skin areas, BF-200 ALA gel was applied to the skin in a thin layer and incubated for 30 min, followed by illumination using narrow-spectrum red light (635 nm) at a dose of 4 J/cm2. Most patients received one (36.4%), two (27.3%), or three (22.7%) PDT sessions. About a third of the patients received concomitant acne treatment with topical retinoids. Results: Patients of 25.1 ± 8.9 years suffering from papulopustular (45.5%), nodular (27.3%), and comedonal acne (27.3%) in the face were included. Irrespective of acne type or severity, 95.5% of patients had good or excellent responses to the treatment with PDT (≥60% lesion clearance). We found no association between concomitant acne medication and the favorable results achieved by PDT. Most patients reported no adverse events (72.7%), except for six patients who experienced erythema. The good efficacy results were maintained over a follow-up period of 12.5 ± 10.8 months. Conclusions: In this study, we show that PDT with BF-200 ALA gel and low light dose is an effective and long-lasting option for the treatment of different acne types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Llombart
- Clinica Dermatologica Dr. Onofre Sanmartín, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (B.L.); (O.S.)
| | - Onofre Sanmartín
- Clinica Dermatologica Dr. Onofre Sanmartín, 46930 Valencia, Spain; (B.L.); (O.S.)
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Shirokov A, Blokhina I, Fedosov I, Ilyukov E, Terskov A, Myagkov D, Tuktarov D, Tzoy M, Adushkina V, Zlatogosrkaya D, Evsyukova A, Telnova V, Dubrovsky A, Dmitrenko A, Manzhaeva M, Krupnova V, Tuzhilkin M, Elezarova I, Navolokin N, Saranceva E, Iskra T, Lykova E, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O. Different Effects of Phototherapy for Rat Glioma during Sleep and Wakefulness. Biomedicines 2024; 12:262. [PMID: 38397864 PMCID: PMC10886766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an association between sleep quality and glioma-specific outcomes, including survival. The critical role of sleep in survival among subjects with glioma may be due to sleep-induced activation of brain drainage (BD), that is dramatically suppressed in subjects with glioma. Emerging evidence demonstrates that photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective technology for both the stimulation of BD and as an add-on therapy for glioma. Emerging evidence suggests that PBM during sleep stimulates BD more strongly than when awake. In this study on male Wistar rats, we clearly demonstrate that the PBM course during sleep vs. when awake more effectively suppresses glioma growth and increases survival compared with the control. The study of the mechanisms of this phenomenon revealed stronger effects of the PBM course in sleeping vs. awake rats on the stimulation of BD and an immune response against glioma, including an increase in the number of CD8+ in glioma cells, activation of apoptosis, and blockage of the proliferation of glioma cells. Our new technology for sleep-phototherapy opens a new strategy to improve the quality of medical care for patients with brain cancer, using promising smart-sleep and non-invasive approaches of glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shirokov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Inna Blokhina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Physics Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.F.); (E.I.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Egor Ilyukov
- Physics Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.F.); (E.I.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrey Terskov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Dmitry Myagkov
- Physics Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.F.); (E.I.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Dmitry Tuktarov
- Physics Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.F.); (E.I.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Maria Tzoy
- Physics Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.F.); (E.I.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Viktoria Adushkina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Daria Zlatogosrkaya
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Arina Evsyukova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Valeria Telnova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Alexander Dubrovsky
- Physics Department, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.F.); (E.I.); (D.M.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexander Dmitrenko
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Maria Manzhaeva
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Valeria Krupnova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Matvey Tuzhilkin
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Inna Elezarova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov Medical State University, Bolshaya Kazachaya Str. 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena Saranceva
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Tatyana Iskra
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Lykova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.B.); (A.T.); (V.A.); (D.Z.); (A.E.); (V.T.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (V.K.); (M.T.); (I.E.); (N.N.); (E.S.); (T.I.); (E.L.)
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Songca SP. Combinations of Photodynamic Therapy with Other Minimally Invasive Therapeutic Technologies against Cancer and Microbial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10875. [PMID: 37446050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise in research and development following the discovery of photodynamic therapy to establish novel photosensitizers and overcome the limitations of the technology soon after its clinical translation has given rise to a few significant milestones. These include several novel generations of photosensitizers, the widening of the scope of applications, leveraging of the offerings of nanotechnology for greater efficacy, selectivity for the disease over host tissue and cells, the advent of combination therapies with other similarly minimally invasive therapeutic technologies, the use of stimulus-responsive delivery and disease targeting, and greater penetration depth of the activation energy. Brought together, all these milestones have contributed to the significant enhancement of what is still arguably a novel technology. Yet the major applications of photodynamic therapy still remain firmly located in neoplasms, from where most of the new innovations appear to launch to other areas, such as microbial, fungal, viral, acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, environmental sanitization, pest control, and dermatology. Three main value propositions of combinations of photodynamic therapy include the synergistic and additive enhancement of efficacy, the relatively low emergence of resistance and its rapid development as a targeted and high-precision therapy. Combinations with established methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy and demonstrated applications in mop-up surgery promise to enhance these top three clinical tools. From published in vitro and preclinical studies, clinical trials and applications, and postclinical case studies, seven combinations with photodynamic therapy have become prominent research interests because they are potentially easily applied, showing enhanced efficacy, and are rapidly translating to the clinic. These include combinations with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, cold plasma therapy, sonodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Photochemical internalization is a critical mechanism for some combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandile Phinda Songca
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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Long XX, Xie AD, Yang P, Xie J, Chen XL, Huang YD, Zhang LP, Peng XB. Effect of various types of photodynamic therapy on inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions in patients with acne: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103365. [PMID: 36842473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is safe and effective in treating acne vulgaris. The present study aimed to evaluate various PDTs on inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions in patients with acne by a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS The researchers of this paper searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases from inception to March 2022 to identify suitable RCTs. The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. Twenty-one RCTs were included, with a total sample size of 898 participants. RESULTS Network meta-analysis (NMA) revealed that indocyanine green (ICG) + near-infrared (NIR) diode laser, ICG+830 nm light-emitting diode (LED), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 520 nm LED, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) + sunlight demonstrated obvious curative effects in patients with acne vulgaris. Importantly, ICG+NIR diode laser provided the greatest improvement in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]: 84.4% and 93.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Based on the NWM and SUCRA ranking, ICG + NIR diode laser can be considered more effective in treating acne than the other PDTs of the RCTs. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Long
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Ai-Di Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Yun-Di Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China
| | - Xue-Biao Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Dermatology, Zengcheng Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.28, Innovation Avenue, Yongning Street, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511356, China.
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Tobiasz A, Nowicka D, Szepietowski JC. Acne Vulgaris-Novel Treatment Options and Factors Affecting Therapy Adherence: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247535. [PMID: 36556150 PMCID: PMC9788443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is an extremely common skin condition, affecting a large population of adolescents, but at the same time, remaining a quite common issue in the group of adult patients. Its complex pathogenesis includes increased sebum secretion, impaired follicular keratinization, colonization of sebaceous glands with Cutibacterium acne bacteria, and the development of inflammation in pilosebaceous units. Although there are many methods of treatment available targeting the mechanisms mentioned above, a large percentage of patients remain undertreated or non-compliant with treatment. Ineffective treatment results in the formation of acne scars, which has a major impact on the well-being and quality of life of the patients. The aim of this publication was a review of available evidence on widely used and novel methods of topical and systemic treatment of acne, additionally including current literature-based analysis of factors affecting patients' compliance. The strengths and limitations of novel substances for treating acne were discussed. We conclude that an effective acne treatment remains a challenge. A better understanding of current treatment options and factors affecting patients' compliance could be a helpful tool in choosing a proper treatment option.
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13
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Ning X, He G, Zeng W, Xia Y. The photosensitizer-based therapies enhance the repairing of skin wounds. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915548. [PMID: 36035433 PMCID: PMC9403269 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound repair remains a clinical challenge and bacterial infection is a common complication that may significantly delay healing. Therefore, proper and effective wound management is essential. The photosensitizer-based therapies mainly stimulate the photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species through appropriate excitation source irradiation, thereby killing pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, they initiate local immune responses by inducing the recruitment of immune cells as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, these therapies can stimulate the proliferation, migration and differentiation of skin resident cells, and improve the deposition of extracellular matrix; subsequently, they promote the re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Studies in multiple animal models and human skin wounds have proved that the superior sterilization property and biological effects of photosensitizer-based therapies during different stages of wound repair. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in photosensitizer-based therapies for enhancing tissue regeneration, and suggest more effective therapeutics for patients with skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ning
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yumin Xia,
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