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Bermúdez Prieto E, González López EJ, Solis CA, Leon Jaramillo JC, Macor LP, Domínguez RE, Palacios YB, Bongiovanni Abel S, Durantini EN, Otero LA, Gervaldo MA, Heredia DA. An ambipolar PEDOT-perfluorinated porphyrin electropolymer: application as an active material in energy storage systems. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15929-15941. [PMID: 38756855 PMCID: PMC11098003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of functional organic materials is crucial for the advancement of various fields, such as optoelectronics, energy storage, sensing, and biomedicine. In this context, we successfully prepared a stable ambipolar perfluoroporphyrin-based polymeric film by electrochemical synthesis. Our strategy involved the synthesis of a novel tetra-pentafluorophenyl porphyrin covalently linked to four 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moieties. The resulting monomer, EDOT-TPPF16, was obtained through a straightforward synthetic approach with a good overall yield. The unique molecular structure of EDOT-TPPF16 serves a dual function, with EDOT moieties allowing electropolymerization for polymeric film formation, while the electron-acceptor porphyrin core enables electrochemical reduction and electron transport. The electrochemical polymerization permits the polymer (PEDOT-TPPF16) synthesis and film formation in a reproducible and controllable manner in one step at room temperature. Spectroelectrochemical experiments confirmed that the porphyrin retained its optoelectronic properties within the polymeric matrix after the electrochemical polymerization. The obtained polymeric material exhibited stable redox capabilities. Current charge-discharge cycles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the electrochemically generated organic film demonstrated that the polymer could be applied as a promising active material in the development of supercapacitor energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bermúdez Prieto
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Edwin J González López
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Claudia A Solis
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Jhair C Leon Jaramillo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Rodrigo E Domínguez
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba X5000HUA Argentina
| | - Yohana B Palacios
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel
- INTEMA-CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata B7606WV Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - Luis A Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Miguel A Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina +54 358 76233 +54 358 4676538
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
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Spadin FS, Gergely LP, Kämpfer T, Frenz M, Vermathen M. Fluorescence lifetime imaging and phasor analysis of intracellular porphyrinic photosensitizers applied with different polymeric formulations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 254:112904. [PMID: 38579534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescence lifetime of a porphyrinic photosensitizer (PS) is an important parameter to assess the aggregation state of the PS even in complex biological environments. Aggregation-induced quenching of the PS can significantly reduce the yield of singlet oxygen generation and thus its efficiency as a medical drug in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of diseased tissues. Hydrophobicity and the tendency to form aggregates pose challenges on the development of efficient PSs and often require carrier systems. A systematic study was performed to probe the impact of PS structure and encapsulation into polymeric carriers on the fluorescence lifetime in solution and in the intracellular environment. Five different porphyrinic PSs including chlorin e6 (Ce6) derivatives and tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin and -chlorin were studied in free form and combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or micelles composed of triblock-copolymers or Cremophor. Following incubation of HeLa cells with these systems, fluorescence lifetime imaging combined with phasor analysis and image segmentation was applied to study the lifetime distribution in the intracellular surrounding. The data suggest that for free PSs, the structure-dependent cell uptake pathways determine their state and emission lifetimes. PS localization in the plasma membrane yielded mostly monomers with long fluorescence lifetimes whereas the endocytic pathway with subsequent lysosomal deposition adds a short-lived component for hydrophilic anionic PSs. Prolonged incubation times led to increasing contributions from short-lived components that derive from aggregates mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Encapsulation of PSs into polymeric carriers led to monomerization and mostly fluorescence emission decays with long fluorescence lifetimes in solution. However, the efficiency depended on the binding strength that was most pronounced for PVP. In the cellular environment, PVP was able to maintain monomeric long-lived species over prolonged incubation times. This was most pronounced for Ce6 derivatives with a logP value around 4.5. Micellar encapsulation led to faster release of the PSs resulting in multiple components with long and short fluorescence lifetimes. The hydrophilic hardly aggregating PS exhibited a mostly stable invariant lifetime distribution over time with both carriers. The presented data are expected to contribute to optimized PDT treatment protocols and improved PS-carrier design for preventing intracellular fluorescence quenching. In conclusion, amphiphilic and concurrent hydrophobic PSs with high membrane affinity as well as strong binding to the carrier have best prospects to maintain their photophysical properties in vivo and serve thus as efficient photodynamic diagnosis and PDT drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin S Spadin
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lea P Gergely
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kämpfer
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Li Z, Xie Y, Liu H, Wang J, Wang G, Wang H, Su X, Lei M, Wan Q, Zhou Y, Teng M. Molecular engineering to design a bright near-infrared red photosensitizer: cellular bioimaging and phototherapy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13801-13807. [PMID: 38681838 PMCID: PMC11046288 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared red (NIR) fluorescence imaging guide phototherapeutic therapy (PDT) has the advantages of deep tissue penetration, real-time monitoring of drug treatment and disease, little damage to normal tissue, low cytotoxicity and almost no side effects, and thus, it is attracting increasing research attention and is expected to show promising potential for clinical tumor treatment. The photosensitizer (PS), light source and oxygen are the three basic and important factors to construct PDT technology, and highly efficient PSs are still being passionately pursued because they determine the PDT efficiency. Ideal PSs should have properties such as good biocompatibility, deep tissue penetration, and highly efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation despite the hypoxic environment. Therefore, pure organic type I PSs with NIR fluorescence have been receiving increasing attention due to their deep penetration and hypoxia resistance. However, reported NIR-active type I PSs usually require complex synthetic procedures, which presents a challenge for mass production. In this research work, based on the molecular design ideas of introducing the heavy atom effect and intramolecular charge transfer, we prepared three NIR-active type I PSs (TNZ, TNZBr, and TNZCHO) using a very simple method with one or two synthetic steps. Clear characterizations of photophysical properties, ROS performance tests, and fluorescent imaging of human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells and PDT treatment of HepG2 cells were carried out. The results revealed that the heavy atom and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effects could obviously enhance the ROS efficiency, and both PSs produce only type I ROS without any type II ROS (1O2) generation. The good NIR fluorescence brightness and type I ROS efficiency ensure satisfactory bioimaging and PDT outcomes. This research provides the possibility of preparing NIR-active type I PSs via mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yili Xie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University Nanchang 330103 China
| | - Heng Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Gang Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hengxin Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xuejie Su
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Meixu Lei
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qing Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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Domka W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Mytych W, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy for Eye, Ear, Laryngeal Area, and Nasal and Oral Cavity Diseases: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:645. [PMID: 38339396 PMCID: PMC10854993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising modality for the treatment of various diseases. This non-invasive approach utilizes photosensitizing agents and light to selectively target and destroy abnormal cells, providing a valuable alternative to traditional treatments. Research studies have explored the application of PDT in different areas of the head. Research is focusing on a growing number of new developments and treatments for cancer. One of these methods is PDT. Photodynamic therapy is now a revolutionary, progressive method of cancer therapy. A very important feature of PDT is that cells cannot become immune to singlet oxygen. With this therapy, patients can avoid lengthy and costly surgeries. PDT therapy is referred to as a safe and highly selective therapy. These studies collectively highlight the potential of PDT as a valuable therapeutic option in treating the head area. As research in this field progresses, PDT may become increasingly integrated into the clinical management of these conditions, offering a balance between effectiveness and minimal invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Domka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Centre for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Cui Z, Li Y, Qin Y, Li J, Shi L, Wan M, Hu M, Chen Y, Ji Y, Hou Y, Ye F, Liu C. Polymyxin B-targeted liposomal photosensitizer cures MDR A. baumannii burn infections and accelerates wound healing via M 1/M 2 macrophage polarization. J Control Release 2024; 366:297-311. [PMID: 38161034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections pose a significant challenge in burn wound management, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this work, we introduced a novel polymyxin B (PMB)-targeted liposomal photosensitizer, HMME@Lipo-PMB, for precise and potent antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against burn infections induced by MDR A. baumanni. HMME@Lipo-PMB-mediated aPDT exhibited enhanced antibacterial efficacy by specifically targeting and disrupting bacterial cell membranes, and generating increased intracellular ROS. Remarkably, even at low concentrations, this targeted approach significantly reduced bacterial viability in vitro and completely eradicated burn infections induced by MDR A. baumannii in vivo. Additionally, HMME@Lipo-PMB-mediated aPDT facilitated burn infection wound healing by modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization. It also effectively promoted acute inflammation in the early stage, while attenuated chronic inflammation in the later stage of wound healing. This dynamic modulation promoted the formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and collagen regeneration. These findings demonstrate the tremendous potential of HMME@Lipo-PMB-mediated aPDT as a promising alternative for the treatment of burn infections caused by MDR A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Meijuan Wan
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yunru Chen
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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Sridharan B, Lim HG. Advances in photoacoustic imaging aided by nano contrast agents: special focus on role of lymphatic system imaging for cancer theranostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:437. [PMID: 37986071 PMCID: PMC10662568 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a successful clinical imaging platform for management of cancer and other health conditions that has seen significant progress in the past decade. However, clinical translation of PAI based methods are still under scrutiny as the imaging quality and clinical information derived from PA images are not on par with other imaging methods. Hence, to improve PAI, exogenous contrast agents, in the form of nanomaterials, are being used to achieve better image with less side effects, lower accumulation, and improved target specificity. Nanomedicine has become inevitable in cancer management, as it contributes at every stage from diagnosis to therapy, surgery, and even in the postoperative care and surveillance for recurrence. Nanocontrast agents for PAI have been developed and are being explored for early and improved cancer diagnosis. The systemic stability and target specificity of the nanomaterials to render its theranostic property depends on various influencing factors such as the administration route and physico-chemical responsiveness. The recent focus in PAI is on targeting the lymphatic system and nodes for cancer diagnosis, as they play a vital role in cancer progression and metastasis. This review aims to discuss the clinical advancements of PAI using nanoparticles as exogenous contrast agents for cancer theranostics with emphasis on PAI of lymphatic system for diagnosis, cancer progression, metastasis, PAI guided tumor resection, and finally PAI guided drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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