1
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Sudarkova SM, Ioffe IN. E/ Z photoisomerization pathway in pristine and fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23749-23757. [PMID: 36156663 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an XMCQDPT2 study of the E/Z photoisomerization in a series of fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes (3DFEs). Upon excitation, pristine and low-fluorinated 3DFE show conventional behavior of many diarylethenes: unhindered twisting motion toward the pyramidalized zwitterionic state where relaxation to the ground state occurs. However, deep fluorination of 3DFEs can hamper E-to-Z isomerization by giving rise to an alternative excited-state relaxation pathway: an out-of-plane motion of a ring fluorine atom. Importantly, the case of fluorinated 3DFEs reveals serious deficiencies of the popular TDDFT approach. With some commonly used exchange-correlation functionals, the alternative relaxation pathway is not reproduced and, moreover, an irrelevant ring rotation coordinate is predicted instead. Nevertheless, TDDFT remains qualitatively adequate for the E-to-Z twisting coordinate taken alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Sudarkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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2
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Bovoloni M, Filo J, Sigmundová I, Magdolen P, Budzák Š, Procházková E, Tommasini M, Cigáň M, Bianco A. Unsymmetrical benzothiazole-based dithienylethene photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23758-23768. [PMID: 36155601 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the structure-property relationships in a new series of benzothiazole based unsymmetrical hexafluorocyclopentene dithienylethenes (DTEs) and compare the results with the known facts for symmetric diarylethenes (DAEs). We reveal high photocyclization efficiency resulting from a significant shift of ground state equilibrium to the antiparallel conformation and a barrierless excited state pathway to conical intersection, which remains unperturbed even in polar solvents for most of the prepared DTEs. Furthermore, we uncover that the rate of back thermal cycloreversion correlates clearly more with the central C-C bond-length in the transition state than with the central C-C bond-length in the ground state of the cyclic form. Finally, our detailed vibrational spectral analysis of studied DTEs points out significant changes in Raman and infrared spectra during photoswitching cycles which pave the way for a non-destructive readout of stored information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juraj Filo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivica Sigmundová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Magdolen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Šimon Budzák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Eliška Procházková
- NMR Spectroscopy Department, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807, Merate, Italy.
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3
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Karmakar M, Pal A, Mondal B, Adarsh NN, Thakur A. Light-Triggered Metal Coordination Dynamics in Photoswitchable Dithienylethene-Ferrocene System. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6086-6098. [PMID: 33829773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The C2-symmetric photochromic molecule 3, containing dithienylethene (DTE) and ferrocene units connected by an alkyne bridge, represents a unique probe where a metal (Hg2+) binds with the central DTE moiety. Both photoisomerized states of 3 (open, 3o; closed, 3c) are found to interact with Hg2+ ion by the S atoms of the DTE core; however, the binding constants (from a UV-vis study) and DFT calculations suggest that the open isomer (3o) binds with the metal ion more strongly than that of the closed isomer (3c). Notably, the course of metal binding does not perturb the inherent photoisomerization properties of the DTE core and the photoswitchability persists even in the metal-coordinated form of 3, however, with a comparatively slower rate. The quantum yields for photocyclization (Φo→c) and photocycloreversion (Φc→o) in the free form are 0.56 and 0.007, respectively, whereas the photocyclization quantum yield in the Hg2+ complexed species is 0.068, 8.2 times lower than the photocyclization quantum yield (Φo→c) of free 3o. Thus, the rate of photoisomerization can be modulated by a suitable metal coordination to the DTE core. The dynamics of photoswitchability in the metal-coordinated form of DTE has been explored by experimental means (UV-vis and electrochemical studies) as well as quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bijan Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nayarassery N Adarsh
- Solid State and Materials Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chantzis A, Cerezo J, Perrier A, Santoro F, Jacquemin D. Optical Properties of Diarylethenes with TD-DFT: 0-0 Energies, Fluorescence, Stokes Shifts, and Vibronic Shapes. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:3944-57. [PMID: 26588538 DOI: 10.1021/ct500371u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is an investigation of both the structures and optical properties of a set of 14 diverse, recently synthesized diarylethenes using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) at the ωB97X-D/6-31G(d) level of theory. The linear response (LR) and state-specific (SS) versions of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) have been adopted to account for the bulk solvation effects and their relative performances were critically accessed. It is shown, for the first time in the case of nontrivial diarylethenes, that TD-DFT provides good agreement between the experimental absorption-fluorescence crossing points (AFCPs) and their theoretical counterparts when a robust model accounting for both geometrical relaxation and vibrational corrections is used instead of the vertical approximation. On the other hand, the theoretical estimates for the Stokes shifts based on the vertical transition energies were found to be in disagreement with respect to experiment, prompting us to simulate the absorption/emission vibronic band shapes. It is proved that difficulties associated with the breakdown of the harmonic approximation in Cartesian coordinates exist for the investigated system, and we show how they can be at least partially overcome by means of a vertical approach including Duschinsky effects. Our results provide a valuable basis to rationalize the experimental vibronic structure of both emission and absorption bands and are expected to be a significant asset to the understanding of the optical properties of diarylethene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agisilaos Chantzis
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssiniére, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia , 30110 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- ITODYS, UMR 7086, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 Rue Jean Antoine de Baif, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa , Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssiniére, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
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5
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Lasorne B, Fihey A, Mendive-Tapia D, Jacquemin D. A curve-crossing model to rationalize and optimize diarylethene dyads. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5695-5702. [PMID: 29910863 PMCID: PMC5975843 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra crossing points play a key role in the photochemistry of diarylethene dyads.
Going from photochromic compounds presenting a single switchable function to multi-addressable photochromic multimers remains an extremely difficult task notably because the interactions of several photochromic units through a linker generally result in a substantial loss of photoactivity. Due to their size and the intrinsic complexity of their electronic structure, coupled photochromes also constitute a fundamental challenge for theoretical chemistry. We present here an effective curve-crossing model that, used in connection with easily accessible ab initio data, allows a first understanding of the difficulty to obtain efficient multiphotochromes. Indeed, we demonstrate that extra crossing points, specific to multiphotochromes, have to be passed to ensure reactivity. In addition, the proposed approach allows the definition of an intuitive tilt criterion that can be used to screen a large number of substitution patterns and hence help in the design of new compounds, an aspect that is also developed here. The compatibility of this tilt criterion with previously proposed static Franck–Condon parameters is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lasorne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 , CNRS-UM , CTMM , Université Montpellier , CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France .
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France .
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 , CNRS-UM , CTMM , Université Montpellier , CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France .
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France . .,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 bd St. Michel , 75005 Paris Cedex 5 , France
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6
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Okuno K, Shigeta Y, Kishi R, Nakano M. Theoretical design of solvatochromism switching by photochromic reactions using donor-acceptor disubstituted diarylethene derivatives with oxidized thiophene rings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6484-94. [PMID: 25655363 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05946h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have designed several diarylethene derivatives with oxidized thiophene rings and donor-acceptor substituents, which show the solvatochromism switching by photochromic reactions, using a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). It is found that in the UV-vis spectral region examined only the open-ring isomers exhibit the solvatochromism, while the closed-ring isomers do not. The mechanism of the solvatochromism behavior and its switching process are clarified from the viewpoint of the charge-transfer (CT) excitation from the donor to the acceptor substituents. We demonstrate that this CT excitation can be controlled by choosing appropriate pairs of the donor and the acceptor substituents on the basis of the orbital correlation diagram between the diarylethene derivatives and the donor-acceptor substituents, which is constructed from the topologies and the orbital energies of the molecular orbitals primarily contributing to the excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Okuno
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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7
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Laurent AD, Adamo C, Jacquemin D. Dye chemistry with time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:14334-56. [PMID: 24548975 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we present an overview of the determination of excited-state properties of "real-life" dyes, and notably of their optical absorption and emission spectra, performed during the last decade with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We discuss the results obtained with both vertical and adiabatic (vibronic) approximations, choosing relevant examples for several series of dyes. These examples include reproducing absorption wavelengths of numerous families of coloured molecules, understanding the specific band shape of amino-anthraquinones, optimising the properties of dyes used in solar cells, mimicking the fluorescence wavelengths of fluorescent brighteners and BODIPY dyes, studying optically active biomolecules and photo-induced proton transfer, as well as improving the properties of photochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle D Laurent
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR CNRS no. 6230, BP 92208, Université de Nantes, 2, Rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
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8
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Zhang ZX, Bai FQ, Li L, Zhang HX. Theoretical investigation on a series of novel S,S-dioxide diarylethenes with abnormal photochromic properties and design of new dyads. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel diarylethene shows an abnormal conjugation system switch in a photochromic reaction, according to which new dyads were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- P. R. China
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9
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Abstract
We review molecular compounds encompassing several photochromic units with a focus on their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fihey
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR CNRS 7086
- 75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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10
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Yuan K, Boixel J, Chantzis A, Jacquemin D, Guerchais V, Doucet H. Benzothiophene or Benzofuran Bridges in Diaryl Ethenes: Two-Step Access by Pd-Catalyzed CH Activation and Theoretical/Experimental Studies on Their Photoreactivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:10073-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Fihey A, Perrier A, Maurel F. Tuning the optical properties of dithienylethenes: Theoretical insights. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Perrier A, Tesson S, Jacquemin D, Maurel F. On the photochromic properties of dithienylethenes grafted on gold clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Tuned CAM-B3LYP functional in the time-dependent density functional theory scheme for excitation energies and properties of diarylethene derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Ouhenia-Ouadahi K, Métivier R, Maisonneuve S, Jacquart A, Xie J, Léaustic A, Yu P, Nakatani K. Fluorescence photoswitching and photoreversible two-way energy transfer in a photochrome–fluorophore dyad. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1705-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Perissinotto S, Garbugli M, Fazzi D, Bertarelli C, Carvelli M, Srimath Kandada AR, Yue Z, Wong KS, Lanzani G. Optical Modulation of Amplified Emission in a Polyfluorene-Diarylethene Blend. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:3619-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Maurel F, Perrier A, Jacquemin D. An ab initio simulation of a dithienylethene/phenoxynaphthacenequinone photochromic hybrid. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Liu S, Sun S, Wang C, Zhao Q, Sun H, Li F, Fan Q, Huang W. DFT/TDDFT investigation of the modulation of photochromic properties in an organoboron-based diarylethene by fluoride ions. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:313-21. [PMID: 21275023 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The diarylethene derivative 1,2-bis-(5'-dimesitylboryl-2'-methylthieny-3'-yl)-cyclopentene (1) containing dimesitylboryl groups is an interesting photochromic material. The dimesitylboryl groups can bind to F(-), which tunes the optical and electronic properties of the diarylethene compound. Hence, the diarylethene derivative 1 containing dimesitylboryl groups is sensitive to both light and F(-), and its photochromic properties can be tuned by a fluoride ion. Herein, we studied the substituent effect of dimesitylboron groups on the optical properties of both the closed-ring and open-ring isomers of the diarylethene molecule by DFT/TDDFT calculations and found that these methods are reliable for the determination of the lowest singlet excitation energies of diarylethene compounds. The introduction of dimesitylboron groups to the diarylethene compound can elongate its conjugation length and change the excited-state properties from π→π* transition to a charge-transfer state. This explains the modulation of photochromic properties through the introduction of dimesitylboron groups. Furthermore, the photochromic properties can be tuned through the binding of F(-) to a boron center and the excited state of the diarylethene compound is changed from a charge-transfer state to a π→π* transition. Hence, a subtle control of the photochromic spectroscopic properties was realized. In addition, the changes of electronic characteristics by the isomerization reaction of diarylethene compounds were also investigated with theoretical calculations. For the model compound 2 without dimesitylboryl groups, the closed-ring isomer has better hole- and electron-injection abilities, as well as higher charge-transport rates, than the open-ring isomer. The introduction of dimesitylboron groups to diarylethene can dramatically improve the charge-injection and -transport abilities. The closed isomer of compound 1 (1 C) has the best hole- and electron-injection abilities, whereas the charge-transport rates of the open isomer of compound 1 (1 O) are higher than those of 1 C. Importantly, 1 O is an electron-accepting and -transport material. These results show that the diarylethene compound containing dimesitylboryl groups has promising potential to be applied in optoelectronic devices and thus is worth to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
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18
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Aloïse S, Sliwa M, Pawlowska Z, Réhault J, Dubois J, Poizat O, Buntinx G, Perrier A, Maurel F, Yamaguchi S, Takeshita M. Bridged photochromic diarylethenes investigated by ultrafast absorption spectroscopy: evidence for two distinct photocyclization pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7379-90. [PMID: 20455540 DOI: 10.1021/ja910813x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two photochromic diarylethenes blocked by alkyl bridges in an ideal conformation for photocyclization are studied by stationary and femtosecond transient spectroscopy in order to depict the photocyclization processes: the bistable 1,2-dicyano[2.n]metacyclophan-1-ene with n = 2, abbreviated as [2.2], and its non-bistable analogue with n = 4, abbreviated as [2.4]. The data are interpreted in the light of AM1-CIS calculations and state correlation diagrams based on conclusive TD-DFT calculations. For [2.2], a solvent-sensitive excitation wavelength threshold governing the photocyclization yield is clearly evidenced between the S(1) and S(2) singlet states. Excitation above and beyond this threshold induces two distinct photochemical pathways. The S(1) vertical excitation induces direct efficient (phi approximately = 0.9-1), and ultrafast (approximately 120 fs) photocylization from S(1) open form that leads to a ground-state transition structure, probably through a conical intersection, then to a hot cyclized ground state that relaxes by vibrational cooling. Upon higher excitation energy, the system undergoes internal conversion to the hot S(1) state, then evolves toward the cyclized S(1) state and relaxes by ultrafast S(1)-S(0) internal conversion. Alternatively, the possibility for a second conical intersection near hot S(1) state is discussed. This second photoclosure reaction is less efficient and both the photocylization yield and overall kinetics depend on solvent polarity (phi = 0.49, tau = 2.5 ps in nonpolar solvent; phi = 0.7, tau = 1.5 ps in polar solvent). In the case of [2.4], for which the distance between the two reactive carbons is larger, a unique photoclosure mechanism is found and a structural effect is reported. Indeed, this mechanim is similar to the above second reaction of [2.2] but characterized by much slower kinetics ranging from 12 to 20 ps (depending on the excitation wavelength and solvent polarity). All polarity effects are rationalized in terms of stabilization of the transient states of charge-transfer character involved in the photocyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Aloïse
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d'études et de recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bat C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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19
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20
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Jacquemin D, Perpète EA, Maurel F, Perrier A. Hybrid dithienylethene-naphthopyran multi-addressable photochromes: an ab initio analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13144-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Jacquemin D, Perpète EA, Maurel F, Perrier A. TD-DFT simulations of the electronic properties of star-shaped photochromes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7994-8000. [DOI: 10.1039/b927323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Patel PD, Masunov AE. Theoretical study of photochromic compounds. 1. Bond length alternation and absorption spectra for the open and closed forms of 29 diarylethene derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8409-14. [PMID: 19569671 DOI: 10.1021/jp900485p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We apply several exchange-correlation functionals in combination with time-dependent density functional theory to predict the maximum wavelengths in the absorption spectra for 29 diarylethene derivatives in both open and closed isomeric forms. Solvent effects and accurate molecular geometries are found to be important to obtain good agreement with experimental absorption wavelengths. In order to evaluate the quality of geometry optimization, we compare predicted bond length alternation parameters with experimental ones. We find the TD-M05/6-31G*/PCM//M05-2x/6-31G*/PCM theory level to give the best predictions for the structural and spectral parameters of the diarylethene derivatives. Applications of the photochromic diarylethene compounds as materials for optical switching and data storage based on their photocyclization properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pansy D Patel
- NanoScience Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
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Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study of Structure-Property Relationships in Diarylethene Photochromic Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01973-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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