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Xu Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xue S. Radical Photopolymerization Using 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole Derivatives Prepared via One-Pot Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20902-20911. [PMID: 34423198 PMCID: PMC8374902 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radical photopolymerization has attracted significant attention for manufacturing products with complicated structures. Herein, the synthesized 1,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrole[3,2-b]pyrrole (PyBN) is found to show varying photoactivity upon irradiation at different wavelengths. PyBN affords two main absorption bands, and its maximum absorption peak is at 462 nm, attributing to its strong intramolecular charge transfer property based on the donor-acceptor structure. It efficiently photoinitiates the radical photopolymerization of different (meth)acrylate materials under 365 and 395 nm LED irradiation. The highest double bond conversion of 99.86% is achieved for these materials. Under 470 nm LED, PyBN does not show molecular structure change from photolysis results as a result of intramolecular charge transfer. Therefore, PyBN shows wavelength-selective photoactivity with potential application in dual-wavelength volumetric additive manufacturing. A unique solid product is successfully fabricated using a 365 nm LED with co-irradiation of a 470 nm LED. Additionally, PyBN incorporating camphorquinone (CQ) as a two-component visible light photoinitiator system is investigated under 470 nm LED irradiation. As PyBN has a charge transfer activity at 470 nm, the combination with CQ exhibits a good synergistic interaction. Besides nitro-based PyBN, a methyl-based PyBC was prepared as a reference compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
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Jayachitra K, JobePrabakar P, Ramalingam S. Vibrational, NMR and UV–Visible spectroscopic investigation on 10-methyl anthracene 9-carbaldehyde using computational calculations. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pavitha P, Prashanth J, Ramu G, Ramesh G, Mamatha K, Venkatram Reddy B. Synthesis, structural, spectroscopic, anti-cancer and molecular docking studies on novel 2-[(Anthracene-9-ylmethylene)amino]-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol using XRD, FTIR, NMR, UV–Vis spectra and DFT. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xia Q, Yin JJ, Zhao Y, Wu YS, Wang YQ, Ma L, Chen S, Sun X, Fu PP, Yu H. UVA photoirradiation of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-induction of reactive oxygen species and formation of lipid peroxides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1062-84. [PMID: 23493032 PMCID: PMC3709304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are a class of genotoxic environmental contaminants. We have long been interested in determining the mechanisms by which nitro-PAHs induce genotoxicity. Although the metabolic activation of nitro-PAHs leading to toxicological activities has been well studied, the photo-induced activation of nitro-PAHs has seldom been reported. In this paper, we report photo-induced lipid peroxidation by 19 nitro-PAHs. The results indicated that all but two of the nitro-PAHs can induce lipid peroxidation. Mechanistic studies suggest that lipid peroxidation by nitro-PAHs is mediated by free radicals generated in the reaction. There was no structural correlation between the nitro-PAHs and their ability to induce lipid peroxidation upon UVA irradiation, or between the HOMO-LUMO gap and the ability to cause lipid peroxidation. Most of the nitro-PAHs are less potent in terms of causing lipid peroxidation than their parent PAHs. The lack of correlation is attributed to the complex photophysics and photochemistry of the nitro-PAHs and the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsu Xia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jun J. Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yuewei Zhao
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuh-Sen Wu
- Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 443, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Qui Wang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Liang Ma
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Shoujun Chen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Xin Sun
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; E-Mail:
| | - Peter P. Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Fu PP, Xia Q, Zhao Y, Wang S, Yu H, Chiang HM. Phototoxicity of herbal plants and herbal products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:213-255. [PMID: 24024520 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.824206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are used by humans in daily life in many different ways, including as food, herbal medicines, and cosmetics. Unfortunately, many natural plants and their chemical constituents are photocytotoxic and photogenotoxic, and these phototoxic phytochemicals are widely present in many different plant families. To date, information concerning the phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of many plants and their chemical constituents is limited. In this review, we discuss phototoxic plants and their major phototoxic constituents; routes of human exposure; phototoxicity of these plants and their constituents; general mechanisms of phototoxicity of plants and phototoxic components; and several representative phototoxic plants and their photoactive chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fu
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
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Kou S, Zhou H, Tang G, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wei C. Experimental and DFT studies on the vibrational and electronic spectra of 9-anthracenemethanol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:768-775. [PMID: 22885894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectral measurements were made for 9-anthracenemethanol. Optimized geometrical structure and harmonic vibration frequencies were computed based on ab initio and density functional theory B3LYP methods using 6-311G(**) and LANL2DZ basis sets. The equilibrium geometries got from all of the methods and basis were compared with X-ray diffraction results. The IR and UV-vis spectra of the title compound were computed using all of the methods and choose the most appropriate way to discuss. And the absorption spectra were calculated both in gas phase and in CH(3)CH(2)OH and CH(3)CN solution. The calculated results matched well with the experimental values. On the basis, the first excited state electronic transition energy has been calculated using time-dependent density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia 210094, People's Republic of China
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Fu PP, Xia Q, Sun X, Yu H. Phototoxicity and environmental transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-light-induced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2012; 30:1-41. [PMID: 22458855 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2012.653887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of mutagenic and tumorigenic environmental contaminants. Although the mechanisms by which PAHs induce cancer in experimental animals have been extensively studied and the metabolic activation pathways have been determined, the environmental fate of PAHs and the phototoxicity exerted by PAHs, as well as their photoreaction products formed in the environment, have received much less attention. In this review, the formation of oxygenated PAHs, PAH quinones, nitro-PAHs, and halogenated PAHs from photoreaction of environmental PAHs are addressed. Upon light irradiation, PAHs and all PAH photoreaction products can absorb light energy to reach photo-excited states, which react with molecular oxygen, medium, and coexisting chemicals to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive intermediates, such as oxygenated PAHs and free radicals. These intermediates, including ROS, induce lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage including DNA strand breakage, oxidation to 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, and DNA-adducts. Since these toxicological endpoints are associated with age-related diseases, including cancer, environmental PAHs concomitantly exposed to sunlight may potentially promote human skin damage, leading to ageing and skin cancers. Thus, we suggest that (i) in addition to the widely recognized metabolic pathways, more attention must be paid to photoreaction as an important activation pathway for PAHs, (ii) risk assessment of environmental PAHs should take into consideration the complex photochemical reactions leading to mixtures of products that are also phototoxic; and (iii) the study of structure-toxicity relationships should be expanded to cover the complex photoreactions and extrinsic factors that affect phototoxicity endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Zhao Y, Xia Q, Yin JJ, Yu H, Fu PP. Photoirradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diones by UVA light leading to lipid peroxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:83-91. [PMID: 21680011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous genotoxic environmental pollutants and potentially pose a health risk to humans. In most if not all cases, PAHs in the environment can be oxidized into their corresponding PAH-diones. This process is considered a detoxification pathway with regard to tumorigenicity. Nevertheless, photo-induced toxicological activity of PAH-diones has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we show that 27 potential environmental PAH-diones induced lipid peroxidation, in a dose (light) response manner, when irradiated with UVA at 7 and 21 J cm(-2). Photoirradiation in the presence of sodium azide, deuterated methanol, or superoxide dismutase revealed that lipid peroxidation is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping studies supported this observation. These results suggest that UVA photoirradiation of PAH-diones generates reactive oxygen species and induces lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Zhao
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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