Photoinduced processes of 3-substituted 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline derivatives: A theoretical and spectroscopic study

Conformational, spectroscopic, and molecular dynamics DFT study of precursors for new potential antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs

Biological activity, functionality, and synthesis of (fluoro)quinolones is closely related to their precursors (for instance 3-fluoroanilinoethylene derivatives) (i.e., their functional groups, conformational behavior, and/or electronic structure). Herein, the theoretical study of 3-fluoroanilinoethylene derivatives is presented. Impact of substituents (acetyl, methyl ester, and ethyl ester) on the conformational analysis and the spectral behavior is investigated. The B3LYP/6-311++G** computational protocol is utilized. It is found that the intramolecular hydrogen bond N-H···O is responsible for the energetic preference of anti (a) conformer (anti position of 3-fluoroanilino group with respect to the C═C double bond). The Boltzmann ratios of the conformers are related to the differences of the particular dipole moments and/or their dependence on the solvent polarity. The studied acetyl, ethyl ester, and methyl ester substituted fluoroquinolone precursors prefer in the solvent either EZa, ZZa, or both conformers equally, respectively. In order to understand the degree of freedom of rotation of the trans ethyl ester group, B3LYP/6-311G** molecular dynamic simulations were carried out. Vibrational frequencies, electron transitions, as well as NMR spectra are analyzed with respect to conformational analysis, including the effect of the substituent. X-ray structures of the precursors are presented and compared with the results of the conformational analysis.

Anodic oxidation of selenadiazoloquinolones in alkaline media

Newly synthesized derivatives of 6-oxo-6,9-dihydro[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-h]quinoline variously substituted at position 7 (R = H, COOH, COCH(3), CN, COOC(2)H(5) and COOCH(3)) are established in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions (0.1 M NaOH; pH ∼ 13) as N(9)-deprotonated structures, but in less alkaline solutions (0.001 M NaOH; pH ∼ 11) the N(9)-protonated oxo tautomeric forms dominate. Upon their anodic oxidation in alkaline solutions, the selenadiazole ring is replaced, forming instead the paramagnetic species analogous to the ortho semiquinone radical anions as monitored by in situ EPR spectroscopy. The quantum chemical calculations for two representative selenadiazoloquinolones (R = H and COOH) and their anodic oxidation products presented are in agreement with experiments.