Light induced oxidation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-One Derivatives

The treatment of many bacterial diseases remains a significant problem due to the increasing antibiotic resistance of their infectious agents. Among others, this is related to Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present article, we report on antibacterial compounds with activity against both S. aureus and MRSA. A straightforward approach to 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one and their analogues was developed. Their structural and functional relationships were also considered. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv, S. aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and their role in the inhibition of the biofilm formation of S. aureus were reported. 2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (3k) showed a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.98 μg/mL against MRSA. The synthesized compounds were assessed via molecular docking for their ability to bind long RSH (RelA/SpoT homolog) proteins using mycobacterial and streptococcal (p)ppGpp synthetase structures as models. The cytotoxic activity of some synthesized compounds was studied. Compounds 3c, f, g, k, r, and 3z displayed significant antiproliferative activities against all the cancer cell lines tested. Indolylquinazolinones 3b, 3e, and 3g showed a preferential suppression of the growth of rapidly dividing A549 cells compared to slower growing fibroblasts of non-tumor etiology.

NMR and DFT Studies of 2-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines: Solvent and Temperature Effects

Various 5-carboethoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines and their corresponding oxidation products containing methoxy or nitro groups on different positions of the C4-aryl ring were synthesized and the effect of steric and electrostatic interactions of these aryl substituents on the characteristic peaks in 1H NMR spectra were investigated. In addition, the intermolecular interaction of the parent compound and its oxidized form with solvent was experimentally investigated. For this, 1H NMR spectra of these compounds at different concentrations and temperatures in [D6]DMSO and CDCl3 were investigated. For comparison of the dimerization ability of these heterocyclic compounds with different conformations, the binding electronic energies, the total enthalpies and free energies of dimerization in the gas and solution phases, and the QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules) analysis were determined. These interactions were also studied using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results and indicate that the electronic effect of the methoxy and nitro groups on the C4-aryl ring influences the electron density of the heterocyclic ring via the σ bond and, consequently, the chemical shift of the heterocyclic ring protons.

Light induced oxidation of an indoline derived system triggered spherical aggregates

Indoline based donor-acceptor system (InBT) exhibits a colour transition from pink to orange to yellow in chloroform facilitated by the photo-oxidation of the N,N-dimethyl indoline of InBT and neutralized by chloride counter ions upon light irradiation at short and long range excitation wavelengths of 320 and 500 nm, which leads to spherical aggregates when subjected to methanol vapour diffusion (MVD).

Electron transfer-induced oxidation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

A series of 2-substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones were oxidized to quinazolin-4(3H)-ones using tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate. The rate and the outcome of the reaction are dependent on the type and nature of 2-substitution. An electron transfer mechanism is proposed for this study, which is supported by the retention or elimination of 2-substitution during the oxidation process.