Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with copper(II) oxide synthesized by thermal decomposition of Flubendazole complexes

Chemically modified flubendazole carbon electrochemical sensor for aluminum determination in food stuff, Multivitamin syrup and real water samples supported by DFT calculations, IR and morphological tools

Aluminum is a key component in nearly nourishment stuffs and medications. It is also found in treated drinking water in the form of reactive species, and aluminum salts are commonly utilized as flocculants in water treatment. Meanwhile, it was not thought to be a dangerous metal for people, but research showed a possible link with Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, autism, and aluminum. Controlling the amount of aluminum in food processing, agriculture, and drinking water is crucial, thus newly synthesized Al(III) ion selective electrode based on innocuous reagent, flubendazole drug, has been developed. The electrode displayed Nernstian slopes of 20.11 0.47 mV decade^-1 at 25 ± 1 °C, covering a wide concentration range of Al(III) from 1 × 10^-7 to 1 × 10^-1 mol L^-1. The response mechanism is studied using IR, computational calculations, morphological tools. The developed sensor has been utilized to accurately measure Al(III) ions in genuine water samples, multivitamin syrup, and food stuff.

Crystal Structure, Topology, DFT and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of a Novel Charge Transfer Complex (L3) of Anthraquinone and 4-{[(Anthracen-9-yl)meth­yl] Amino}­Benzoic Acid (L2) Exhibiting Photocatalytic Properties: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Here, we report a facile route to the synthesizing of a new donor–acceptor complex, L3, using 4-{[(anthracen-9-yl)meth-yl] amino}-benzoic acid, L2, as donor moiety with anthraquinone as an acceptor moiety. The formation of donor–acceptor complex L3 was facilitated via H-bonding and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the synthesized donor–acceptor complex L3 crystal belongs to the triclinic system possessing the P-1 space group. The complex L3 was also characterized by other spectral techniques, viz., FTIR and UV absorption spectroscopy, which confirmed the formation of new bonds between donor L2 moiety and acceptor anthraquinone molecule. The crystallinity and thermal stability of the newly synthesized complex L3 was confirmed by powdered XRD and TGA analysis and theoretical studies; Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to define the type of interactions occurring in the complex L3. Interestingly, theoretical results were successfully corroborated with experimental results of FTIR and UV absorption. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed for HOMO to LUMO; the energy gap (∆E) was calculated to be 3.6463 eV. The complex L3 was employed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of MB dye and was found to be quite efficient. The results showed MB dye degraded about 90% in 200 min and followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic with rate constant k = 0.0111 min⁻¹ and R² = 0.9596. Additionally, molecular docking reveals that the lowest binding energy was −10.8 Kcal/mol which indicates that the L3 complex may be further studied for its biological applications.

Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy and Photocatalytic Properties of a Co(II) Complex Based on 5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic Acid

A novel cobalt(II) complex, namely [Co(tpa)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (1) (Htpa = 5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 was further characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectrum, electronic spectrum, X-ray powder diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis. Structural analysis shows that complex 1 was stabilized via π···π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions to give a 3D supramolecular framework. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that O···H (29.5%), H···H (23.8%), N···H (21.5%) and π···π (8.6%) intermolecular contacts are the most important interactions in the crystal of 1. In addition, the synthesized Co(II) complex showed favorable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light at room temperature. The degradation process of MO was in accordance with the first-order reaction kinetics, and the t1/2 for the reaction is 27.3 min, and the apparent rate constant is k = 2.54 × 10−2 min−1.

Sonochemical-assisted synthesis of CuO/Cu2O/Cu nanoparticles as efficient photocatalyst for simultaneous degradation of pollutant dyes in rotating packed bed reactor: LED illumination and central composite design optimization

CuO/CuO₂/Cu nanoparticles were prepared by sonochemical combined thermal synthesis method and used as new photocatalyst for simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of safranin O (SO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes in rotating packed bed reactor equipped to blue light emitting diode (LED). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized CuO/Cu₂O/Cu nanoparticles were investigated by XRD, SEM and DRS analysis. The band-gap of the prepared CuO/Cu₂O/Cu-NPs was estimated to be about 1.42eV which is appropriate for photodegradation process under blue light irradiation. In rotating packed bed reactors, two key parameters are very important, one high centrifugal field and other porous media, which intensify mass transfer operation leads to photodegradation improvement. The maximum photodegradation efficiency was obtained at pH of 6 and subsequently the effects of CuO/Cu₂O/Cu-NPs dosage, rotational speed, initial dyes concentration, flow rate and reaction time were studied by central composite design (CCD) and optimized values were found to be 0.3g/L, 900rpm, 10mg/L of both dyes, 0.3L/min and 90min, respectively. Finally, results showed that synergistic effects induced by forming Cu₂O/CuO heterojunction containing Cu-NPs co-cocatalyst greatly accelerate electron transfer and effectively retard the reduction of CuO by photo-generated electrons.

Photodegradation of sulfadiazine catalyzed by p-benzoquinones and picric acid: application to charge transfer complexes

The photo degradation of sulfadiazine drug was effectively carried out at 256 nm in presence of DDQ and sodium nitrite. This was simply followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effect of some additives such as oxalic acid, and/or hematite nanoparticles was studied.

Copper loaded on activated carbon as an efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue

Copper loaded activated carbon (Cu-AC) was prepared by impregnating it with cupric nitrate followed by microwave heating and then used for removing dyes in wastewater.