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Noreen A, Anwar Z, Ahsan Ejaz M, Usmani M, Khan T, Ali Sheraz M, Ahmed S, Mirza T, Khurshid A, Ahmad I. Riboflavin (vitamin B 2) sensitized photooxidation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C): A kinetic study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123813. [PMID: 38198998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AH2) photoxidation sensitized by riboflavin (RF) has been studied between pH 2.0 and 12.0 in ambient air and anaerobic environment using UV and visible irradiation sources. The kinetics of AH2 degradation in aqueous medium along with RF is found to be first-order for its photodegradation. AH2 photolysis rate constants in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with RF (1.0-5.0 × 10-5 M) are 0.14-3.89 × 10-2 and 0.026-0.740 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The rate constants (k2) of second-order kinetics for AH2 and RF photochemical interaction in aerobic and anaerobic conditions are in the range of 0.24-3.70 to 0.05-0.70 × 10-3 M-1 min-1, respectively, which manifests that increasing the RF concentration also increases the rate of photodegradation (photooxidation) of AH2. The k2 versus pH graph is bell-shaped which indicates that increasing the pH increases photolytic degradation rate of AH2 with RF. Increasing the pH results in the increased ionization of AH2 (ascorbyl anion, AH-) and redox potential which leads to the higher rates of photodegradation of AH2. Two-component spectrophotometric (243 and 266 nm, AH2 and RF, respectively) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been used to determine the concentration of AH2 and RF in pure and degraded solutions. The results obtained from these two methods are compared using a student t-test which showed no noteworthy difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Noreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Muneeba Usmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Allama I.I., Kazi Campus, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Tania Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
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Pavanello A, Miranda MA, Marin ML. Organic photoredox catalysts for wastewater remediation: Beyond the established advanced oxidation processes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Formulation and Stability of Ataluren Eye Drop Oily Solution for Aniridia. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010007. [PMID: 33375041 PMCID: PMC7822034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a rare and severe panocular disease characterized by a complete or partial iris defect clinically detectable at birth. The most common form of aniridia occurring in around 90% of cases is caused by PAX6 haploinsufficiency. The phenotype includes ptosis, nystagmus, corneal limbal insufficiency, glaucoma, cataract, optic nerve, and foveal hypoplasia. Ataluren eye drops aim to restore ocular surface PAX6 haploinsufficiency in aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK). However, there are currently no available forms of the ophthalmic solution. The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological stability of ataluren 1% eye drop in preservative-free low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle with an innovative insert that maintains sterility after opening. Because ataluren is a strongly lipophilic compound, the formulation is complex and involves a strategy based on co-solvents in an aqueous phase or an oily formulation capable of totally dissolving the active ingredient. The visual aspect, ataluren quantification by a stability-indicating chromatographic method, and microbiological sterility were analyzed. The oily formulation in castor oil and DMSO (10%) better protects ataluren hydrolysis and oxidative degradation and permits its complete solubilization. Throughout the 60 days period, the oily solution in the LDPE bottle remained clear without any precipitation or color modification, and no drug loss and no microbial development were detected. The demonstrated physical and microbiological stability of ataluren 1% eye drop formulation at 22–25 °C might facilitate clinical research in aniridia.
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Rivas Aiello MB, Ghilini F, Martínez Porcel JE, Giovanetti L, Schilardi PL, Mártire DO. Riboflavin-Mediated Photooxidation of Gold Nanoparticles and Its Effect on the Inactivation of Bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8272-8281. [PMID: 32569473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms, based on the ability of photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adequate irradiation, emerges as a promising technique to face the increasing bacterial resistance to conventional antimicrobials. In this work, we analyze the combined action of Riboflavin (Rf) and pectin-coated gold nanoparticles (PecAuNP) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as suitable PDI strategy. We demonstrate that gold ions can be generated upon Rf-photosensitized oxidation of PecAuNP. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows that the Rf cationic radical can accept an electron from the nanoparticles to yield Au(I) ions, which in aqueous medium is disproportionate to yield Au0 and Au(III). Microbiological assays showed that the presence of PecAuNP enhanced the antibacterial activity of photoirradiated Rf toward S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, in line with the well-known antibacterial activity of gold ions. Moreover, the irradiation of Rf solutions containing about 100 μM PecAuNP enabled the solutions to be bactericidal against both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorela Ghilini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Joaquín E Martínez Porcel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lisandro Giovanetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia L Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel O Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Rivas Aiello MB, Castrogiovanni D, Parisi J, Azcárate JC, García Einschlag FS, Gensch T, Bosio GN, Mártire DO. Photodynamic Therapy in HeLa Cells Incubated with Riboflavin and Pectin-coated Silver Nanoparticles. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1159-1166. [PMID: 29978491 DOI: 10.1111/php.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (Rf) is an endogenous photosensitizer, which can participate in Type I and Type II processes. We have recently shown that the yield of the triplet excited states of Rf is enhanced in the presence of pectin-coated silver nanoparticles (Pec@AgNP) due to formation of a complex between Rf and Pec@AgNP (Rf-Pec@AgNP). Consequently, under aerobic conditions, the amounts of singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anion generated are also larger in the presence of the nanoparticles. This result made us suspect that the nanoparticles could have a beneficial effect in Rf-based PDT. To prove this hypothesis, we here compared the photodamage in HeLa cells incubated with Rf in the presence and in the absence of Pec@AgNP applying several optical assays. We used fluorescence imaging of irradiated HeLa cells incubated with Annexin V and propidium iodide to evaluate the occurrence of apoptosis/necrosis, the reduction of the tetrazolium dye MTT to formazan and neutral red uptake to prove cell viability, as well as synchrotron infrared microscopy of single cells to evaluate possible structural changes of DNA and nuclear proteins. The enhanced photodamage observed in the presence of Pec@AgNP seems to indicate that Rf enters into the cells complexed with the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Celular (IMBICE), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julieta Parisi
- CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Celular (IMBICE), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julio C Azcárate
- Centro Atómico Bariloche (CAB), CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Fernando S García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4 (Cellular Biophysics)), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriela N Bosio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-4 (Cellular Biophysics)), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel O Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Saltan GM, Kıymaz DA, Zafer C, Dinçalp H. Comparison of the Optoelectronic Performance of Neutral and Cationic Forms of Riboflavin. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1975-1984. [PMID: 28687984 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The riboflavin dye 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-1-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl]-1-deoxypentitol and its pyridinium salt were synthesized, and studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solutions and on thin film states. The first absorption band of riboflavin-pyridinium salt derivative is red-shifted by 10 nm compared to neutral one on film. Cationic riboflavin derivative shows significant wavelength changes on its fluorescence emission spectrum in the excited state depending on the solvent polarity and the electronic environment. The fluorescence quantum yields of cationic riboflavin gave much higher values as compared to that of its neutral form. The fluorescence lifetimes were found to be in the range of 5.5-6.6 ns with mono - exponential behavior. These dyes possess low-lying HOMO energy levels which are suitable to be able to inject holes to donor polymers so that they can be used as acceptor component in the active layer of bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJ-SCs). Photovoltaic responses are reported for P3HT:riboflavin active layer wherein the synthesized dyes are used as acceptor component. Also, neutral riboflavin shows greater electron mobility value of 1.3 × 10-3 cm2/V∙s compared to its cationic derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Murat Saltan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunus Emre, 45140, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Ceylan Zafer
- Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Dinçalp
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunus Emre, 45140, Manisa, Turkey.
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