1
|
Kim C, Mai DK, Lee J, Jo J, Kim S, Badon IW, Lim JM, Kim HJ, Yang J. Triphenylphosphonium-functionalized dimeric BODIPY-based nanoparticles for mitochondria-targeting photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38639449 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The dimerization of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moieties is an appealing molecular design approach for developing heavy-atom-free triplet photosensitizers (PSs). However, BODIPY dimer-based PSs generally lack target specificity, which limits their clinical use for photodynamic therapy. This study reports the synthesis of two mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-functionalized meso-β directly linked BODIPY dimers (BTPP and BeTPP). Both BODIPY dimers exhibited solvent-polarity-dependent singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields, with maximum values of 0.84 and 0.55 for BTPP and BeTPP, respectively, in tetrahydrofuran. The compact orthogonal geometry of the BODIPY dimers facilitated the generation of triplet excited states via photoinduced charge separation (CS) and subsequent spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) processes and their rates were dependent on the energetic configuration between the frontier molecular orbitals of the two BODIPY subunits. The as-synthesized compounds were amphiphilic and hence formed stable nanoparticles (∼36 nm in diameter) in aqueous solutions, with a zeta potential of ∼33 mV beneficial for mitochondrial targeting. In vitro experiments with MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells indicated the effective localization of BTPP and BeTPP within cancer-cell mitochondria. Under light irradiation, BTPP and BeTPP exhibited robust photo-induced therapeutic effects in both cell lines, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of ∼30 and ∼55 nM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| | - Duy Khuong Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jinwoong Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| | - Isabel Wen Badon
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Rehmat N, Kurganskii IV, Maity P, Elmali A, Zhao J, Karatay A, Mohammed OF, Fedin MV. Efficient Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing and Slow Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Bodipy-Perylenebisimide Compact Dyads and Triads. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302137. [PMID: 37553294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bodipy (BDP)-perylenebisimide (PBI) donor-acceptor dyads/triad were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). For BDP-PBI-3, in which BDP was attached at the imide position of PBI, higher singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ =85 %) was observed than the bay-substituted derivative BDP-PBI-1 (ΦΔ =30 %). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicate slow Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET; 40.4 ps) and charge separation (CS; 1.55 ns) in BDP-PBI-3, while for BDP-PBI-1, CS takes 2.8 ps. For triad BDP-PBI-2, ultrafast FRET (149 fs) and CS (4.7 ps) process were observed, the subsequent charge recombination (CR) takes 5.8 ns and long-lived 3 PBI* (179.8 μs) state is populated. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra of BDP-PBI-3 show that the CR gives upper triplet excited state (3 BDP*) and subsequently, via a slow intramolecular triplet energy transfer (14.5 μs), the 3 PBI* state is finally populated, indicating that upper triplet state is involved in SOCT-ISC. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that both radical pair ISC (RP ISC) and SOCT-ISC contribute to the ISC. A rare electron spin polarization of (e, e, e, e, e, e) was observed for the triplet state formed via the RP ISC mechanism, due to the S-T+1 /T0 states mixing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ivan V Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Partha Maity
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matvey V Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Ma L, Zhao H, Wan Y, Zhang XF, Li Y, Kuang Z, Xia A. Spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing in heavy-atom-free orthogonal covalent boron-dipyrromethene heterodimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24386-24394. [PMID: 37283300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01934a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives are prospective organic-based triplet photosensitizers. Since the triplet generation yield of the parent BODIPY is low, heavy atoms are widely used to improve the triplet yield. However, the dimerization of BODIPYs can also significantly improve their ability to produce triplets. Through a comparative study of the triplet formation dynamics of two heavy-atom-free orthogonal covalent BODIPY heterodimers that differ in their dihedral angles, we have demonstrated that the mechanism of spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) promotes the triplet generation of BODIPY heterodimers in solution. Different from the general understanding of SOCT-ISC, the heterodimer with a smaller dihedral angle and low structural rigidity showed better triplet generation due to (a) the stronger inter-chromophoric interaction in the heterodimer, which promoted the formation of a solvent-stabilized charge-transfer (CT) state, (b) the more favorable energy level alignment with sizeable spin-orbit coupling strength, and (c) the balance between the stabilized singlet CT state and limited direct charge recombination to the ground state in a weakly polar solvent. The complete spectral characterization of the triplet formation dynamics clarified the SOCT-ISC mechanism and important factors affecting the triplet generation in BODIPY heterodimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Fu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Photophysics of α-azinyl-substituted 4,4-difluoro-8-(4-R-phenyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
5
|
Fleming AM, Xiao S, Chabot MB, Burrows CJ. Fluorophore-mediated Photooxidation of the Guanine Heterocycle. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022; 35:e4325. [PMID: 36388261 PMCID: PMC9642976 DOI: 10.1002/poc.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are routinely used to visualize DNA or RNA in various experiments, and some dyes also act as photosensitizers capable of catalyzing oxidation reactions. The present studies explored whether the common labeling dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY, or cyanine3 (Cy3) can function as photosensitizers to oxidize nucleic acid polymers. Photoirradiation of each dye in the presence of the guanine (G) heterocycle, which is the most sensitive toward oxidation, identified slow rates of nucleobase oxidation in the nucleoside and DNA contexts. For all four fluorophores studied, the only product detected was spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) suggesting the dyes functioned as Type II photosensitizers and generate singlet oxygen (1O2). The nucleoside reactions were then conducted in D2O solutions, known to increase the lifetime of 1O2, which resulted in a ~6-fold increase in the Sp yield, further supporting the classification of these dyes as Type II photosensitizers. Lastly, we inspected the pattern of G reactivity with the dyes upon photoirradiation in the context of a parallel-stranded G-quadruplex. The G nucleotides in the two exterior G-tetrads were found to be oxidation prone, providing the third line of evidence that the dyes are Type II photooxidants. The present work found that the common dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY, or Cy3 can drive G oxidation but with a slow rate and low overall yield. This will likely not impact many experiments using dyes to study nucleic acids except for those that have long exposures with high-intensity lights, such as sequencing-by-synthesis experiments using fluorescence as the readout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Fleming
- 315 South 1400 East, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850
| | - Songjun Xiao
- 315 South 1400 East, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850
| | - Michael B. Chabot
- 315 South 1400 East, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850
| | - Cynthia J. Burrows
- 315 South 1400 East, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Colormetric and Fluorescence Probe for Highly Specific Cu 2+ and its Application in Live Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2015-2021. [PMID: 35829842 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are intriguing material for ion detection. In this study, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) containing a dipicolylethylenediamine unit was developed as a colorimetric and fluorescence "turn-off" probe for Cu2+. The probe exhibited higher selectivity for Cu2+ than other common metal ions with a detection limit of 8.49 μM. With increasing Cu2+ concentration, the probe showed a red-shift in the absorption spectrum as well as fluorescence quenching, possibly due to the intramolecular charge transfer effect of the probe-Cu(II) complex. Furthermore, the probe was used for imaging Cu2+ in living cells based on confocal fluorescence imaging. The results show that the probe is an effective tool for detection copper ions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Trestsova MA, Utepova IA, Chupakhin ON, Semenov MV, Pevtsov DN, Nikolenko LM, Tovstun SA, Gadomska AV, Shchepochkin AV, Kim GA, Razumov VF, Dorosheva IB, Rempel AA. Oxidative C-H/C-H Coupling of Dipyrromethanes with Azines by TiO 2-Based Photocatalytic System. Synthesis of New BODIPY Dyes and Their Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185549. [PMID: 34577020 PMCID: PMC8466589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/C-H coupling reactions of dipyrromethanes with azines in the presence of a heterophase oxidative photocatalytic system (O2/TiO2/visible light irradiation) were carried out. As a result of cyclization of obtained compounds with boron trifluoride etherate, new hetaryl-containing derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-boron-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene were synthesized. For the obtained compounds, absorption and luminescence spectra, quantum yields of luminescence as well as cyclic volt-amperograms were measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Trestsova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.T.); (O.N.C.); (M.V.S.); (I.B.D.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Irina A. Utepova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.T.); (O.N.C.); (M.V.S.); (I.B.D.); (A.A.R.)
- Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.V.S.); (G.A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.T.); (O.N.C.); (M.V.S.); (I.B.D.); (A.A.R.)
- Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.V.S.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Maksim V. Semenov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.T.); (O.N.C.); (M.V.S.); (I.B.D.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Dmitry N. Pevtsov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.N.P.); (S.A.T.); (V.F.R.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (L.M.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Lyubov M. Nikolenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (L.M.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Sergey A. Tovstun
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.N.P.); (S.A.T.); (V.F.R.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (L.M.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Anna V. Gadomska
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (L.M.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Alexander V. Shchepochkin
- Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.V.S.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Gregory A. Kim
- Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.V.S.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir F. Razumov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.N.P.); (S.A.T.); (V.F.R.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (L.M.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Irina B. Dorosheva
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.T.); (O.N.C.); (M.V.S.); (I.B.D.); (A.A.R.)
- Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Amundsena Street, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Rempel
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.T.); (O.N.C.); (M.V.S.); (I.B.D.); (A.A.R.)
- Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Amundsena Street, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong Y, Taddei M, Doria S, Bussotti L, Zhao J, Mazzone G, Di Donato M. Torsion-Induced Nonradiative Relaxation of the Singlet Excited State of meso-Thienyl Bodipy and Charge Separation, Charge Recombination-Induced Intersystem Crossing in Its Compact Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4779-4793. [PMID: 33929843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a series of meso-thienyl boron-dipyrromethene (Bodipy) derivatives to investigate the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The photophysical properties of the compounds were studied by steady-state and femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as density functional theory (DFT) computations. Different from the meso-phenyl Bodipy analogues, the meso-thienyl Bodipy are weakly fluorescent. Based on femtosecond transient absorption and DFT computations, we propose that the torsion of the thienyl group and the distortion of the Bodipy core (19.7 ps) in the S1 state lead to a conical intersection on the potential energy surface as an efficient nonradiative decay channel (408 ps), which is responsible for the observed weak fluorescence as compared to the meso-phenyl analogue. The increased fluorescence quantum yield (from 5.5 to 14.5%) in viscous solvents supports this hypothesis. With the electron donor 4'-hydroxylphenyl moiety attached to the meso-thienyl unit, the fast charge separation (CS, 15.3 ps) and charge recombination (CR, 238 ps) processes outcompete the torsion-induced nonradiative decay and induce fast ISC through the SOCT-ISC mechanism. The triplet quantum yield of the electron donor/acceptor dyad is highly dependent on solvent polarity (ΦT = 1.9-45%), which supports the SOCT-ISC mechanism, and the triplet-state lifetime is up to 247.3 μs. Using the electron donor-acceptor dyad showing SOCT-ISC as a triplet photosensitizer, efficient triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion was observed with a quantum yield of up to 6.0%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sandra Doria
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Padrutt R, Babu V, Klingler S, Kalt M, Schumer F, Anania MI, Schneider L, Spingler B. Highly Phototoxic Transplatin-Modified Distyryl-BODIPY Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:694-701. [PMID: 33164336 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the first transplatin-BODIPY conjugates for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The distyryl BODIPYs containing two iodine atoms were designed to absorb in the red region, easily undergo intersystem crossing for efficient singlet oxygen generation, and additionally offer the possibility for coordination with mono-activated transplatin. We were able to demonstrate that coordination of the BODIPYs with a mono-activated transplatin increases the phototoxic index of the photosensitizers significantly, giving rise to highly phototoxic distyryl BODIPY derivatives, of which one was shown to have the highest ever reported phototoxic index against any cell line. Furthermore, the photophysical mechanism of singlet oxygen generation in distyryl BODIPYs undergoing intramolecular charge transfer was studied experimentally and using time-dependent density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Padrutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vipin Babu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schumer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Anania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Berezin M, Antina E, Guseva G, Kritskaya A, Semeikin A. Effect of meso-phenyl substitution on spectral properties, photo- and thermal stability of boron (III) and zinc (II) dipyrrometenates. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Filatov MA. Heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers with intersystem crossing mediated by intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 18:10-27. [PMID: 31750502 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic photosensitizers possessing efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and forming long-living triplet excited states, play a crucial role in a number of applications. A common approach in the design of such dyes relies on the introduction of heavy atoms (e.g. transition metals or halogens) into the structure, which promote ISC via spin-orbit coupling interaction. In recent years, alternative methods to enhance ISC have been actively studied. Among those, the generation of triplet excited states through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in heavy-atom-free molecules has attracted particular attention because it allows for the development of photosensitizers with programmed triplet state and fluorescence quantum yields. Due to their synthetic accessibility and tunability of optical properties, boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are so far the most perspective class of photosensitizers operating via this mechanism. This article reviews recently reported heavy-atom-free BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads and dimers which produce long-living triplet excited states and generate singlet oxygen. Structural factors which affect PET and concomitant triplet state formation in these molecules are discussed and the reported data on triplet state yields and singlet oxygen generation quantum yields in various solvents are summarized. Finally, examples of recent applications of these systems are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Maria Squeo
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dixit S, Mahaddalkar T, Lopus M, Agarwal N. Synthesis, photophysical studies of positional isomers of heteroaryl BODIPYs, and biological evaluation of Di-pyrrolyl BODIPY on human pancreatic cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|