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Chen H, Tang Z, Yang Y, Hao Y, Chen W. Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes. Molecules 2024; 29:2521. [PMID: 38893396 PMCID: PMC11173890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the research of photoswitchable probes. These probes undergo reversible structural and electronic changes upon light exposure, thus exhibiting vast potential in molecular detection, biological imaging, material science, and information storage. Through precisely engineered molecular structures, the photoswitchable probes can toggle between "on" and "off" states at specific wavelengths, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of targeted analytes. This review systematically presents photoswitchable fluorescent and colorimetric probes built on various molecular photoswitches, primarily focusing on the types involving photoswitching in their detection and/or signal response processes. It begins with an analysis of various molecular photoswitches, including their photophysical properties, photoisomerization and photochromic mechanisms, and fundamental design concepts for constructing photoswitchable probes. The article then elaborates on the applications of these probes in detecting diverse targets, including cations, anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules. Finally, it offers perspectives on the current state and future development of photoswitchable probes. This review aims to provide a clear introduction for researchers in the field and guidance for the design and application of new, efficient fluorescent and colorimetric probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yewen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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Kaur G, Rani R, Raina J, Singh I. Recent Advancements and Future Prospects in NBD-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors: Design Strategy, Sensing Mechanism, and Biological Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-41. [PMID: 38593050 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2337869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of Supramolecular Chemistry has witnessed tremendous progress owing to the development of versatile optical sensors for the detection of harmful biological analytes. Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) is one such scaffold that has been exploited as fluorescent probes for selective recognition of harmful analytes and their optical imaging in various cell lines including HeLa, PC3, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, MFC-7, etc. The NBD-derived molecular probes are majorly synthesized from the chloro derivative of NBD via nucleophilic aromatic substitution. This general NBD moiety ligation method to nucleophiles has been leveraged to develop various derivatives for sensing analytes. NBD-derived probes are extensively used as optical sensors because of remarkable properties like excellent stability, large Stoke's shift, high efficiency and stability, visible excitation, easy use, low cost, and high quantum yield. This article reviewed NBD-based probes for the years 2017-2023 according to the sensing of analyte(s), including cations, anions, thiols, and small molecules like hydrogen sulfide. The sensing mechanism, designing of the probe, plausible binding mechanism, and biological application of chemosensors are summarized. The real-time application of optical sensors has been discussed by various methods, such as paper strips, molecular logic gates, smartphone detection, development of test kits, etc. This article will update the researchers with the in vivo and in vitro biological applicability of NBD-based molecular probes and challenges the research fraternity to design, propose, and develop better chemosensors in the future possessing commercial utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Kaur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Richa Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jeevika Raina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Iqubal Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Chen X, Mao Y, Wang A, Lu L, Shao Q, Jiang C, Lu H. Synthesis and application of purine-based fluorescence probe for continuous recognition of Cu 2+ and glyphosate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123291. [PMID: 37639808 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel fluorescent sensor, N,N-dimethyl-4-((2-(8-m-ethyl-9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)aniline(PHA), which was constructed via Schiff base reaction of purine derivatives and dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. This probe showed significant selective fluorescence quenching of Cu2+, and accompanying with an increase in Cu2+ concentration and a change in solution color from colorless to yellow. The outstanding features of PHA include low detection limit (0.429 μM), strong anti-interference ability and fast response time. We further investigated the chelation mechanism of PHA and Cu2+ by Job's plot experiment, density generalization theory (DFT), and the probe PHA can form a 1:2 complex with Cu2+ ions, leading to a fluorescence quenching process, thus realizing the rapid detection of Cu2+. In addition, this new fluorescent sensor [PHA-Cu2+] can be used to detect pesticide residues in solution. When the [PHA-Cu2+] system was mixed with glyphosate solution, that a fluorescence recovering was observed. This may be because glyphosate chelates more strongly with Cu2+ ions, making the copper ions dissociated from the [PHA-Cu2+] system. The detection limit of the fluorescent sensor [PHA-Cu2+] for glyphosate was 18.77 nM. Finally, the sensor system has been successfully applied in fluorescence imaging of glyphosate in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yanxia Mao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Anguan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Linchuan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China.
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Yue L, Ai Y, Liu Q, Mao L, Ding H, Fan C, Liu G, Pu S. A novel diarylethene-based fluorescence sensor for Zn 2+ detection and its application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122960. [PMID: 37315503 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of fluorometric sensors of Zn2+ have been synthesized due to the significant function of Zn2+ in the human body and environment. However, most of probes reported for detecting Zn2+ have high detection limit or low sensitivity. In this paper, an original Zn2+ sensor, namely 1o, was synthesized by diarylethene and 2-aminobenzamide. When Zn2+ was added, the fluorescence intensity of 1o increased by 11 times within 10 s, along with a fluorescence color change from dark to bright blue, and the detection limit (LOD) was calculated to be 0.329 μM. According to Job's plot curves, the binding mode of 1o and Zn2+ was measured as 1:1, which was further proved by 1H NMR spectra, HRMS and FT-IR spectra. The logic circuit was designed to take advantage of the fact that the fluorescence intensity of 1o can be controlled by Zn2+, EDTA, UV and Vis. In addition, Zn2+ in actual water samples were tested, in which the recovery rate of Zn2+ was between 96.5 % and 109 %. Furthermore, 1o was successfully made into a fluorescent test strip, which could be used to detect Zn2+ in the environment economically and conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Yue
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Yin Ai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Qianling Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Lingtao Mao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Haichang Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Congbin Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, P. R. China.
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Musikavanhu B, Liang Y, Xue Z, Feng L, Zhao L. Strategies for Improving Selectivity and Sensitivity of Schiff Base Fluorescent Chemosensors for Toxic and Heavy Metals. Molecules 2023; 28:6960. [PMID: 37836803 PMCID: PMC10574220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic cations, including heavy metals, pose significant environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of reliable detection methods. This review investigates the techniques and approaches used to strengthen the sensitivity and selectivity of Schiff base fluorescent chemosensors designed specifically to detect toxic and heavy metal cations. The paper explores a range of strategies, including functional group variations, structural modifications, and the integration of nanomaterials or auxiliary receptors, to amplify the efficiency of these chemosensors. By improving selectivity towards targeted cations and achieving heightened sensitivity and detection limits, consequently, these strategies contribute to the advancement of accurate and efficient detection methods while increasing the range of end-use applications. The findings discussed in this review offer valuable insights into the potential of leveraging Schiff base fluorescent chemosensors for the accurate and reliable detection and monitoring of heavy metal cations in various fields, including environmental monitoring, biomedical research, and industrial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yongdi Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (B.M.); (Y.L.); (Z.X.)
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A New High Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Al3+ based on Photochromic Salicylaldehyde Hydrazyl Diarylethene. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2213-2222. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Xue S, Xie Z, Wen Y, He J, Liu Y, Shi W. Highly Selective and Sensitive Sulfonylhydrazone Type Fluorescent Probe for Rapid Detection of Mercury(II) and Its Application in Logic Gate and Adsorption. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Xue
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 PR China
| | - Zhengfeng Xie
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 PR China
| | - Jiawei He
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 PR China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 PR China
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Liu X, Liu H, Tang X, Liu G, Pu S. A highly selective colorimetric and fluorescent probe for Cu2+ based diarylethene with a diaminomaleonitrile unit. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Peng S, Lv J, Liu G, Fan C, Pu S. A photochromic diarylethene-functionalized fluorescent probe for Cd2+ and Zn2+ detections. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Multi-responsive molecular switch based on a novel photochromic diarylethene derivative bearing a benzocoumarin unit. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Fu QQ, Hu JH, Yao Y, Yin ZY, Gui K, Xu N, Niu LY, Zhang YQ. A benzimidazole derivative based LMCT sensor for the detection of Cu2+ in DMSO/H2O (2:3 v/v) solution and its application in implication logic gates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang D, Pu S. A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for Mg
2+
based on a diarylethene with a quinoxaline unit. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic ChemistryJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic ChemistryJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Duohua Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic ChemistryJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic ChemistryJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang China
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Qiu S, Lu M, Cui S, Wang Z, Pu S. A bifunctional sensor based on diarylethene for the colorimetric recognition of Cu2+ and fluorescence detection of Cd2+. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29141-29148. [PMID: 35528443 PMCID: PMC9071842 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bifunctional sensor based on diarylethene with a benzyl carbazate unit was synthesized successfully. It not only served as a colorimetric sensor for the recognition of Cu2+ by showing changes in absorption spectra and solution color, but also acted as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of Cd2+ through obvious emission intensity enhancement and fluorescence color change. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ and Cd2+, and the limits of detection for Cu2+ and Cd2+ were 8.36 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 1.71 × 10−7 mol L−1, respectively, which were much lower than those reported by the WHO and EPA in drinking water. Furthermore, its application in practical samples demonstrated that the sensor can be effectively applied for the detection of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in practical water samples. A bifunctional sensor for colorimetric recognition of Cu2+ and fluorescent detection of Cd2+ was synthesized. It not only showed high selectivity and sensitivity to Cu2+ and Cd2+, but also could be used in practical water samples with high accuracy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- PR China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- PR China
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Guo Z, Wang X, Wei P, Gao Y, Li Q. Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Copper (II) and Its Application in Live Cell Imaging. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:8130767. [PMID: 31236305 PMCID: PMC6545799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8130767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent methods for the detection of metal ions is of great importance due to their diverse environmental and biological roles. Herein, a rhodamine 6G-based off-on fluorescent probe (L1) with a t-butyl pyrrole moiety as the recognition site was designed and synthesized. Photophysical studies show that L1 exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu2+ to other metal ions in neutral acetonitrile aqueous media. Mechanism studies suggest that the recognition process may associate with a Cu2+ promoted hydrolysis reaction of L1. Furthermore, L1 has been successfully applied in fluorescence imaging of Cu2+ ion in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Guo
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiuji Wang
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Pei Wei
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qin Li
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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