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Sharma SJ, Sekar N. Exploration of 4-substituted thiophene-based azo dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells and non-linear optical materials: synthesis and an in silico approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16646-16663. [PMID: 38808539 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This work examines the effects of changing the secondary donors' donating strengths at the thiophene ring's fourth position in a range of dyes designated SR1 to SR9. The DFT results indicate that the molecular planarity is greatly affected by the placement of the secondary donor at position four, which changes the charge transfer (CT) characteristics in the thiophene-azo-salicylic acid backbone. These results are corroborated by TD-DFT analysis, which indicates that as the secondary donor's donating strength increases, so does the vertical absorption maximum. Based on the computed photovoltaic characteristics, these dyes perform better from SR1 to SR5. Research on dye@TiO2 clusters suggests a potential for binding with TiO2, which might cause the dye@TiO2 clusters' absorbance to shift red. Additionally, computed linear and non-linear optical (NLO) properties exhibit similar trends to those observed for DSSC performance. The experimental results, which include HOMO and LUMO energies as well as initial absorption in dimethylformamide (DMF), match very well with the patterns seen in DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The high thermal stability of SR1 to SR4 is indicated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), indicating their practical applicability in non-linear optics (NLO) and DSSC applications. The efficiencies of the produced DSSCs vary; SR4 has the highest efficiency (4.50 ± 0.1), and SR1 has the lowest (0.37 ± 0.1). The combined effects of theoretical and experimental DSSC results demonstrate the vital role of secondary donors in influencing molecular characteristics and NLO and DSSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapratap J Sharma
- Dyestuff Technology Department (Currently named as Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology), Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Dyestuff Technology Department (Currently named as Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology), Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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Triyanto A, Ali N, Salleh H, Setiawan J, Yatim NI. Development of natural dye photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31679-31690. [PMID: 38649606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that can be produced from natural source pigments or natural dyes. The selection of natural dyes for DSSC application is currently under research. The utilization of natural dye materials that are easy to obtain, cost-effective, and non-toxic can reduce waste during DSSC fabrication. Natural dyes can be extracted from plants through extraction and chromatography methods. The suitability and viability of utilizing natural dyes as photosensitizers in DSSCs can be predicted using appropriate software simulation by varying related parameters to produce high power conversion efficiency. In this context, the purpose of the review is to highlight the evolution of performance improvement in the development of DSSCs with consideration of natural dye extraction and software simulation. This review also focuses on the results of extracting natural dyes from herbal ingredients, which are still very limited in information, and several parts of herbal plants that can be used as natural dye sources in the future of solid-state DSSCs have been identified. Based on the results of this review, the highest efficiency was obtained for the DSSC that used chlorophyll pigments as natural dyes using Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves with 6.07%, followed by anthocyanin pigments as natural dyes using raspberries (black) fruits with 1.5%, flavonoid pigments as natural dyes using Curcuma longa herbs with 0.64%, and flavonoid pigments as natural dyes using Indigofera tinctoria flowers with 0.46%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aripin Triyanto
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pamulang University, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nora'aini Ali
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Hasiah Salleh
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jan Setiawan
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pamulang University, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials, Indonesian Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Norhafiza I Yatim
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Advances on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Nanostructures and Natural Colorants: A Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5110288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are attempting to take advantage of renewable natural resources by using solar cells. These devices take the sun’s radiation and convert it into electrical energy. The issue with traditional silicon-based solar cells is their manufacturing costs and environmental problems. For this reason, alternatives have been developed within the solar cell field. One of these alternatives is the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), also known as Grätzel solar cells. DSSCs are a type of solar cell that mimics photosynthesis. They have a photoanode, which is formed by a semiconductor film sensitized with a dye. Some of their advantages include low-cost manufacturing, eco-friendly materials use, and suitability for most environments. This review discusses four important aspects, with two related to the dye, which can be natural or synthetic. Herein, only natural dyes and their extraction methods were selected. On the other hand, this paper discusses the nanostructures used for DSSCs, the TiO2 nanostructure being the most reported; it recently reached an efficiency level of 10.3%. Finally, a review on the novelties in DSSCs technology is presented, where it is observed that the use of Catrin protein (cow brain) shows 1.45% of efficiency, which is significantly lower if compared to Ag nanoparticles doped with graphene that report 9.9% efficiency.
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Sudhakar C, Shobana C, Selvankumar T, Selvam K. Prodigiosin production from Serratia marcescens strain CSK and their antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic effect and in silico study of caspase-3 apoptotic protein. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1984-1997. [PMID: 34582588 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study emphasizes the production and optimization of prodigiosin (PG) pigment from Serratia marcescens strain CSK, which was isolated from Shevaroy Hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. The response surface methodology analysis was applied for the optimization process of PG production. The maximum production of PG (2950 mg/L) was obtained at pH 7.0 with the addition of tryptophan (4.0 g/L) and sucrose (3.0 g/L) with 60 h of incubation. Further, the PG was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The purified PG exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Also, PG's cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells were observed through acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) and Hoechst staining. Molecular dockingstudies revealed that PG could bind positively to the caspase-3 (breast cancer protein 1RE1) binding site with a binding energy score of 17.37 kcal/mol. Overall, the novel PG was found to be an anticancer drug for potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sudhakar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, India
| | - C Shobana
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
| | - T Selvankumar
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, India
| | - K Selvam
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kalippatti, Namakkal, India
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Golshan M, Osfouri S, Azin R, Jalali T, Moheimani NR. Co-sensitization of natural and low-cost dyes for efficient panchromatic light-harvesting using dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Orona-Navar A, Aguilar-Hernández I, Nigam KDP, Cerdán-Pasarán A, Ornelas-Soto N. Alternative sources of natural pigments for dye-sensitized solar cells: Algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, archaea and fungi. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:29-53. [PMID: 33771626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells have been of great interest in photovoltaic technology due to their capacity to convert energy at a low cost. The use of natural pigments means replacing expensive chemical synthesis processes by easily extractable pigments that are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Although most of the pigments used for this purpose are obtained from higher plants, there are potential alternative sources that have been underexploited and have shown encouraging results, since pigments can also be obtained from organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, yeast, and molds, which have the potential of being cultivated in bioreactors or optimized by biotechnological processes. The aforementioned organisms are sources of diverse sensitizers like photosynthetic pigments, accessory pigments, and secondary metabolites such as chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins. Moreover, retinal proteins, photosystems, and reaction centers from these organisms can also act as sensitizers. In this review, the use of natural sensitizers extracted from algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, archaea, and fungi is assessed. The reported photoconversion efficiencies vary from 0.001 % to 4.6 % for sensitizers extracted from algae and microalgae, 0.004 to 1.67 % for bacterial sensitizers, 0.07-0.23 % for cyanobacteria, 0.09 to 0.049 % for archaea and 0.26-2.3 % for pigments from fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orona-Navar
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64849, Mexico
| | - I Aguilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64849, Mexico.
| | - K D P Nigam
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64849, Mexico; Department of Chemical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Andrea Cerdán-Pasarán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - N Ornelas-Soto
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64849, Mexico.
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