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Ren F, Wu X, Liu G, Ding Y. Fluorescent response mechanism based on ESIPT and TICT of novel probe H 2Q JI: A TD-DFT investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124383. [PMID: 38772177 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, synthesized N-linked-disalicylaldehyde H2QJI probes have been used to detect heavy metal ions in the experiment conveniently. Nevertheless, there needs to be a more in-depth examination of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism and photophysical properties of the probe. This work remedied it based on quantum chemistry calculations. We contained due hydrogen bond (O1-H2 ⋯ N3 and O4-H5 ⋯ O6) and then analyzed bond parameters, IR vibration spectra, and non-covalent interaction. The bond strength is enhanced under photoexcitation, and the former is significantly stronger. The calculated electron spectra are in agreement with the experimental values. The results of the S0 and S1 potential energy curves and IRC calculations also confirm the unique ESIPT behavior, which isan excited stated stepwise double proton transfer. The fluorescence, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing rate of KD molecules (twisted-, double proton transfer) were calculated respectively to reveal the radiative and non-radiative pathways. It proved that the corresponding spectra are not obtained since the electrons are mainly deactivated by the ISC (S1->T1). Furthermore, the interfragment charge transfer (IFCT) approach indicates that the molecule possesses twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) characteristics, which lead to the quenching of fluorescence introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Ren
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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2
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Alharbi AH, Khan S. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cell imaging and sensing applications of fluorescein derivatives: A review. Anal Biochem 2024; 688:115479. [PMID: 38342200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescein itself is a synthetic organic compound and a prominent member of the xanthene dye family. It exhibits strong fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) or blue light excitation, making it widely used in various applications, including fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, immunoassays, and molecular biology techniques. One of the reasons fluorescein derivatives are highly valuable is their tunable fluorescence properties. Through chemical modifications of the fluorescein structure, different functional groups or substituents can be introduce, altering the compound's fluorescence characteristics such as emission wavelength, intensity, and photo stability. This flexibility allows for tailoring of fluorescent probes to specific experimental requirements, enhancing their utility in a range of scientific disciplines. Fluorescein derivatives also possess excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This review sheds light on the significant impact of fluorescein derivatives as biological active compounds, highlighting their potential in designing new therapeutic agents with antimicrobial properties. Additionally, their role as antioxidants is discussed. A major aspect covered in the review is the application of fluorescein derivatives as powerful cell imaging probes. Their unique fluorescent properties make them valuable tools for visualizing cellular structures and processes, opening up new possibilities for studying cellular dynamics and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani H Alharbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhong M, Xie D, Wang C, Ren X, Huang S, Xu J, Zhu M. The Synergistic Mechanisms of AIE, ESIPT and ICT in the α-cyanostilbene-based Derivative: A Red-fluorescence Probe With a Large Stokes' Shift for Copper (II) Ion Determination and Reversible Response to Amine/acid Vapor. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1075-1090. [PMID: 37458937 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, α-cyanostilbene-based luminogen with an electron donor-π-electron acceptor (D-π-A) architecture was formylated into the salicylaldehyde-analogue luminogen, followed by the Schiff base reaction with phenylamine, a red-emitting luminogen was elaborately designed and successfully synthesized in a high yield of 89%. Its well-defined structure was confirmed by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF-MS, HR-MS and 1H/13C NMR technologies. Based on the synergistic mechanisms of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), it enjoyed a red-fluorescence emission at 627 nm in THF/water mixtures (fw = 95%) and was used as a probe. Moreover, the TLC-based test strips loaded with the probe not only exhibited the reversible fluorescence response to amine/acid vapor but also showed sensitive and selective fluorescence response towards Cu2+. Furthermore, the fluorescence titration experiment between the probe and Cu2+ in THF/water mixtures (fw = 95%, pH = 7.4) revealed that the detection limit was 1.18 × 10-7 M and the binding constant was 1.59 × 105. Job's plot experiment and HR-MS analysis revealed the 2:1 binding stoichiometry of the probe with Cu2+. The method enabled real-time assessment for Cu2+ in real water samples. This study could offer insightful opinions on the development of long-wavelength emissive luminogens based on α-cyanostilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Shizhou Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China
| | - Mingguang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, P. R. China.
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Chethanakumar, Budri MB, Gudasi KB, Vadavi RS, Patil MK, Kumbar VM, Inamdar SR. A pyrene-induced PET-based chemosensor for biologically important Zn(II) ions: application in test strips and live cell imaging studies. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1934-1947. [PMID: 38497319 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cation and anion sensing is vital owing to their universal dispersion in ecosystems and biological functions. It has been shown that fluorescent receptors based on organic platforms are efficient for detecting a number of ions and have many advantages such as low cost, superior sensitivity and simplicity in installation. This study demonstrates the design and synthesis of a novel receptor (E)-3-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-2-(pyren-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (DTQ) for the rapid recognition of Zn(II) ions. DTQ exhibited a significant fluorometric "turn-on" characteristic towards Zn(II) at λmax 444 nm in aqueous acetonitrile by inhibiting the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and -CN- process. The ESI-MS analysis and Job's plot experimental results confirmed stoichiometric 1 : 1 complex formation between DTQ and Zn(II). Fluorometric investigations revealed the detection limit and association constant of DTQ towards Zn(II), which were found to be 13.4 nM and 1.47 × 105 M-1, respectively. DTQ was employed to sense Zn(II) on low-cost test strips. The present research findings imply that DTQ can function as an effective sensor for Zn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | - Mahantesh B Budri
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | | | - Ramesh S Vadavi
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India.
| | - Mallikarjun K Patil
- Laser Spectroscopy (DRDO/KU) Programme, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Vijay M Kumbar
- Dr Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, 590010, India
| | - Sanjeev R Inamdar
- Laser Spectroscopy (DRDO/KU) Programme, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
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A fluorescent probe based on a phenylalanine derivative is capable of sequential detection of Zn 2+ and Cys/His. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:205-211. [PMID: 36652011 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A facile and dual fluorescent chemosensor (named 7-IDF) based on a phenylalanine derivative with an indole group was designed and synthesized. 7-IDF can selectively and sensitively detect Zn2+ via obvious fluorescence enhancement in an aqueous solution. Remarkably, the 7-IDF-Zn complex with blue luminescence has higher selectivity toward cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) than for other amino acids. Intriguingly, 7-IDF can also be used as an excellent probe to detect Zn2+ in real water samples. Moreover, 7-IDF and 7-IDF-Zn possess excellent biocompatibility and cell permeability, and 7-IDF can consecutively detect Zn2+ and Cys/His in Hela cells through fluorescence imaging experiments. This study suggests that the phenylalanine-based chemosensor possesses great potential applications for the sequential detection of Zn2+ and Cys/His in biosystems.
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Wu X, Shi W, Yang Y, Zhao D, Li Y. Multi-targeted fluorescent probes for detection of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions based on ESIPT mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122051. [PMID: 36347078 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industry, it is pretty critical to detect the heavy metals. Recently, the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole derivatives with different numbers of rotatable phenyl m (m = 1,2,3) fluorescent probes HLm were synthesized. However, the theoretical analysis of the mechanism was still missing. In this work, we have systematically researched the mechanisms of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and the detection of Cu(II), Zn(II) ions for the hydrogen-bond system HLm though quantum chemistry methods. By bond parameters and the minimum energy pathways analyses, the proton of this system was probed directly transfer without barrier. Bond parameters, real space function at bond critical point, the frontier molecular orbital, electron spectra and orbital interaction diagram were carried to elucidate response to Cu(II), Zn(II) ions. In addition, comparing the Gibbs free energy variation of the complexation reaction between fluorescent probes and ions, it can be proved that the number of rotatable benzene rings affects the response ability of the probe to target ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Donghui Zhao
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Yongqing Li
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Behura R, Dash PP, Mohanty P, Behera S, Mohanty M, Dinda R, Behera SK, Barick AK, Jali BR. A Schiff base luminescent chemosensor for selective detection of Zn2+ in aqueous medium. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Anomalous emission of an ESIPT-capable zinc(II) complex: an interplay of TADF, TICT and anti-Kasha behaviour. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Patawanich P, Petdum A, Sirirak J, Chatree K, Charoenpanich A, Panchan W, Setthakarn K, Kamkaew A, Sooksimuang T, Maitarad P, Wanichacheva N. Highly selective zinc(II) triggered “Turn-ON” [5]helicene-based fluorescence sensor: its application in liver and brain cells imaging. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Alharbi KH. A Review on Organic Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Detection of Zn(II) Ions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1472-1488. [PMID: 35108139 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2033611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds display several electronic and structural features which enable their application in various fields, ranging from biological to non-biological. These compounds contain heteroatoms like sulfur, nitrogen and, oxygen, which provide coordination sites to act as ligands in the field of coordination chemistry and are used as chemosensors to detect various metal ions. This review article covers different organic compounds including Schiff bases, thiourea, pyridine, rhodamine, triazole, pyrene, coumarin, imidazole, diaminomaleonitrile, naphthoxazole, pyrimidine, thiophene, thioether, and other functional groups based chemosensors that contain heteroatoms like sulfur, nitrogen and, oxygen for fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of Zn(II) ions in different environmental, agricultural, and biological samples. Further, the sensing performances of these chemosensors have been compared and discussed which could help the readers for the future design of organic fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for the detection of Zn(II) ions. We hope this study will support the new thoughts to design a simple, efficient, selective, and sensitive chemosensor for the detection of Zn(II) ions in different samples (environmental, agricultural, and biological).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah H Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Jia X, Liu Y. A theoretical investigation on ESIPT process of a red-emitting ratiometric fluorescent probe and its fluorescent detection mechanism for cyanide anion. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Wang HX, Wei CW, Wang XJ, Xiang HF, Yang XZ, Wu GL, Lin YW. A facile gelator based on phenylalanine derivative is capable of forming fluorescent Zn-metallohydrogel, detecting Zn 2+ in aqueous solutions and imaging Zn 2+ in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119378. [PMID: 33401180 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are attracting soft materials with potential applications. In this study, we synthesized a facile gelator (named 2-QF) based on phenylalanine derivative with a Quinoline group. 2-QF can assemble to form hydrogels at room temperature in different colors under low pH values. Moreover, 2-QF was triggered to form a yellow metallohydrogel (2-QF-Zn) at high pH by the coordination between 2-QF and Zn2+. 2-QF-Zn metallohydrogel showed excellent multi-stimuli responsiveness, especially the reversible "on-off" luminescence switching, as induced by base/acid. In addition, at a low concentration, 2-QF can selectively and visibly identify Zn2+ through fluorescence enhancement, and can detect Zn2+ at physiological pH as a chemosensor. Remarkably, 2-QF and 2-QF-Zn exhibited an excellent biocompatibility without cell cytotoxicity, and 2-QF is able to penetrate live HeLa cells and image intracellular Zn2+ by a turn-on fluorescent response, which makes it a potential candidate for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chuan-Wan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Heng-Fang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Yang
- Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gui-Long Wu
- Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China.
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14
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Chakraborty S, Lohar S, Dhara K, Ghosh R, Dam S, Zangrando E, Chattopadhyay P. A new half-condensed Schiff base platform: structures and sensing of Zn 2+ and H 2PO 4- ions in an aqueous medium. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8991-9001. [PMID: 32558845 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A newly designed and synthesized half-condensed organic moiety 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-[(2-phenylamino-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzaldehyde (HL') and a Zn2L4 complex sequentially detect Zn2+ and H2PO4- ions as low as 1.13 nM and1.23 μM, respectively. HL' and a dinuclear Zn(ii) complex of in situ generated L- in a solution formulated as Zn2L4 under investigation were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic studies along with detailed structural analyses by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The selectivity and sensitivity of HL' towards Zn2+ ions and of the Zn2L4 complex towards H2PO4- ions are based on CHEF and via displacement pathways, respectively. Dual sensing of Zn2+ ions and H2PO4-ions in an aqueous medium via "Green-Blue-Green" emission with the reversible transformation of in situ formed HL' to HL was established by detailed electronic absorption and emission spectroscopic studies. This non-cytotoxic probe (HL', i.e. produced HL in solution) and Zn2L4 complexes are able to monitor the subcellular distribution changes of Zn2+ and H2PO4- ions, respectively, by fluorescence microscopy using the human semen sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujaya Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India.
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