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Zara A, Albu RM, Stoica I, Barzic AI, Dimitriu DG, Dorohoi DO. New Insights on Solvent-Induced Changes in Refractivity and Specific Rotation of Poly(propylene oxide) Systems Extracted from Channeled Spectra. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4682. [PMID: 38731902 PMCID: PMC11083607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigation of chiroptical polymers in the solution phase is paramount for designing supramolecular architectures for photonic or biomedical devices. This work is devoted to the case study of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) optical activity in several solvents: benzonitrile, carbon disulfide, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and p-dioxane. To attain information on the interactions in these systems, rheological testing was undertaken, showing distinct variations of the rheological parameters as a function of the solvent type. These aspects are also reflected in the refractive index dispersive behavior, from which linear and non-linear optical properties are extracted. To determine the circular birefringence and specific rotation of the PPO solutions, the alternative method of the channeled spectra was employed. The spectral data were correlated with the molecular modeling of the PPO structural unit in the selected solvents. Density functional theory (DFT) computational data indicated that the torsional potential energy-related to the O1-C2-C3-O4 dihedral angle from the polymer repeating unit-was hindered in solvation environments characterized by high polarity and the ability to interact via hydrogen bonding. This was in agreement with the optical characterization of the samples, which indicated a lower circular birefringence and specific rotation for the solutions of PPO in ethyl acetate and p-dioxane. Also, the shape of optical rotatory dispersion curves was slightly modified for PPO in these solvents compared with the other ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Zara
- Faculty of Physics, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.Z.); (D.O.D.)
| | - Raluca Marinica Albu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (R.M.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Iuliana Stoica
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (R.M.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Andreea Irina Barzic
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (R.M.A.); (I.S.)
| | - Dan Gheorghe Dimitriu
- Faculty of Physics, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.Z.); (D.O.D.)
| | - Dana Ortansa Dorohoi
- Faculty of Physics, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (A.Z.); (D.O.D.)
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Airinei A, Isac DL, Fifere N, Maftei D, Rusu E. Computational and experimental investigation of photoresponsive behavior of 4,4′-dihydroxyazobenzene diglycidyl ether. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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3
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Fan S, Lam Y, He L, Xin J. Synthesis and photochromism of catechol-containing symmetrical azobenzene compounds. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211894. [PMID: 35706672 PMCID: PMC9174713 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Symmetrical azobenzene derivatives with two catechol groups, 1d-4d, were synthesized as kinds of novel compounds, and the structures were confirmed using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These compounds could attain photostationary state rapidly in solution upon UV irradiation, and their photochromism had good reversibility. Substituents and their positions on azobenzene chromophore had obvious influence on the maximum absorption and photochromic performances of these as-synthesized compounds. Electron-donating group on ortho positions could contribute to the redshift π-π* band. The sulfonamide group that is bonded to dopamine molecules and azobenzene rings caused a negligible n-π* transition of cis isomer, resulting in photobleaching upon UV irradiation. Among the four compounds, 4d had the strongest electron-donating ortho-methoxy substituents and lower planarity; thus its absorption could decrease more significantly upon UV irradiation of the same intensity, and its cis-to-trans conversion could be up to 63%. Furthermore, owing to the presence of catechol groups, 4d showed an effective affinity and adhesion to substrate, and on the surface of substrate, a weak colour change could be observed upon UV irradiation, but the reversibility was poorer than that in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suju Fan
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Hong Kong
| | - Yintung Lam
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Hong Kong
| | - Liang He
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Hong Kong
| | - John H. Xin
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Hong Kong
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Zhang L, Yue C, Zhang L, Zhang P, Wang L, Lei M, Pu M. A DFT study on the isomerization mechanism of azobenzene derivatives on silicon substrates. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cis–trans isomerization mechanism of azobenzenesulfonamide derivatives on silicon substrates was investigated using DFT. The most favorable cooperative mode of the N2 inversion of the L followed by the N1 inversion of the R was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Caiwei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peihuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Luocong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Wang L, Li Z, Yue C, Zhang P, Lei M, Pu M. Theoretical Study on the Isomerization Mechanism of Azobenzene Derivatives under Electric Field. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Kortekaas L, Simke J, Arndt NB, Böckmann M, Doltsinis NL, Ravoo BJ. Acid-catalysed liquid-to-solid transitioning of arylazoisoxazole photoswitches. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11338-11346. [PMID: 34667544 PMCID: PMC8447883 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03308e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches play a vital role in the development of responsive materials. These molecular building blocks are particularly attractive when multiple stimuli can be combined to bring about physical changes, sometimes leading to unexpected properties and functions. The arylazoisoxazole molecular switch was recently shown to be capable of efficient photoreversible solid-to-liquid phase transitions with application in photoswitchable surface adhesion. Here, we show that the arylazoisoxazole forms thermally stable and photoisomerisable protonated Z- and E-isomers in an apolar aprotic solvent when the pK a of the applied acid is sufficiently low. The tuning of isomerisation kinetics from days to seconds by the pK a of the acid not only opens up new reactivity in solution, but also the solid-state photoswitching of azoisoxazoles can be efficiently reversed with selected acid vapours, enabling acid-gated photoswitchable surface adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Kortekaas
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Julian Simke
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Niklas B Arndt
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Straße 10 48149 Münster Germany
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Belikov MY, Ievlev MY. First thermal studies on visible-light-switchable negative T-type photochromes of a nitrile-rich series. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21097-21103. [PMID: 35479372 PMCID: PMC9034035 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Representatives of visible-light-switchable nitrile-rich negative T-type photochromes (NRP) were synthesized. The temperature effect on the thermal relaxation of the photoinduced form of NRP was studied for the first time. It was found that regardless the temperature the reverse thermal reaction in ethanol and 1,4-dioxane proceeded according to a first-order kinetic equation, while an unusual pseudo-zero order of the dark reaction was observed in acetonitrile. Using the obtained experimental data, the activation energy as well as the activation parameters, such as entropy and enthalpy of activation, were calculated for the first time for thermal relaxation of NRP photochromes. It was also shown that an initial form of NRP photochromes bearing a tricyanofuran acceptor was more temperature resistant than the initial form of photochromes with a tricyanopyrrole acceptor. The temperature effect on the thermal stability of both the initial and photoinduced forms of nitrile-rich T-type photochromes was studied for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Belikov
- Ulyanov Chuvash State University Moskovsky pr., 15 Cheboksary Russia 428015
| | - Mikhail Yu Ievlev
- Ulyanov Chuvash State University Moskovsky pr., 15 Cheboksary Russia 428015
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Homocianu M. Optical properties of solute molecules: Environmental effects, challenges, and their practical implications. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Todorov P, Georgieva S, Peneva P, Rusew R, Shivachev B, Georgiev A. Experimental and theoretical study of bidirectional photoswitching behavior of 5,5′-diphenylhydantoin Schiff bases: synthesis, crystal structure and kinetic approaches. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of four novel 5,5′-diphenylhydantoin Schiff bases containing different aromatic species are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Rusi Rusew
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Bulgaria
| | - Boris Shivachev
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Bulgaria
| | - Anton Georgiev
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
- Bulgaria
- Department of Optical Metrology and Holography
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies
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Pang J, Shu L, Li M, Hu X. Theoretical insights into a colorimetric azo-based probe to detect copper ions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23196-23202. [PMID: 35520344 PMCID: PMC9054711 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a colorimetric azobenzene-based probe (AZO 1) was reported that exhibits high selectivity toward Cu2+ and undergoes a red to yellow colour change upon its detection. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the mechanism of the probe discoloration. The differences in the binding energies of complexes of 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 stoichiometry indicated that a two-step complexation process takes place as the Cu2+ content increases. However, the calculated absorption spectra suggested that a significant colour change would only be observed for the 1 : 1 AZO 1 : Cu2+ complex. A HOMO–LUMO electronic transition was a key factor for the blue shift of the absorption bands of the probe. Further studies indicated that solvent molecules participate in the complexation and that the presence of the o-methoxy group in AZO 1 led to formation of an octahedral complex because of the additional chelating site. A significant change in the conformation of AZO 1, namely the rotation of the N,N-di(carboxymethyl)amino group around the N–CAr bond by approximately 90°, resulted in a larger HOMO–LUMO energy gap, and the corresponding alteration of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the N,N-di(carboxymethyl)amino group to the phenyl ring led to the observed colour change. DFT calculations indicated that the rotation of the N,N-di(carboxymethyl)amino group around the N–CAr bond by approximately 90°, resulted in a larger HOMO–LUMO energy gap, and led to the observed colour change.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pang
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Hefei University
- Hefei 230601
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- People's Republic of China
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