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Askari N, Jamalzadeh M, Askari A, Liu N, Samali B, Sillanpaa M, Sheppard L, Li H, Dewil R. Unveiling the photocatalytic marvels: Recent advances in solar heterojunctions for environmental remediation and energy harvesting. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:283-297. [PMID: 39095165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for effective solutions to address Environ. Pollut. and meet the escalating energy demands, heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a captivating and versatile technology. These photocatalysts have garnered significant interest due to their wide-ranging applications, including wastewater treatment, air purification, CO2 capture, and hydrogen generation via water splitting. This technique harnesses the power of semiconductors, which are activated under light illumination, providing the necessary energy for catalytic reactions. With visible light constituting a substantial portion (46%) of the solar spectrum, the development of visible-light-driven semiconductors has become imperative. Heterojunction photocatalysts offer a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with activating semiconductors under visible light. In this comprehensive review, we present the recent advancements in the field of photocatalytic degradation of contaminants across diverse media, as well as the remarkable progress made in renewable energy production. Moreover, we delve into the crucial role played by various operating parameters in influencing the photocatalytic performance of heterojunction systems. Finally, we address emerging challenges and propose novel perspectives to provide valuable insights for future advancements in this dynamic research domain. By unraveling the potential of heterojunction photocatalysts, this review contributes to the broader understanding of their applications and paves the way for exciting avenues of exploration and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Askari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven, De Nayerlaan 5 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, 2860, Belgium.
| | | | - Aghil Askari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Naiyun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven, De Nayerlaan 5 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, 2860, Belgium; Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Bijan Samali
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leigh Sheppard
- Solar Energy Technologies Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Raf Dewil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven, De Nayerlaan 5 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, 2860, Belgium; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
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Roy N, Kannabiran K, Mukherjee A. Integrated adsorption and photocatalytic degradation based removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole antibiotics using Fc@rGO-ZnO nanocomposite in aqueous systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138912. [PMID: 37182714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene functionalized rGO-ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized via the facile hydrothermal method. ZnO was reduced over the 3-dimensional rGO framework (3D-Fc@rGO) using Camellia sinensis extract. The Fc@rGO-ZnO nanocomposite was employed for pharmaceutical degradation (sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP)) in an aqueous solution under UV C light. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared photocatalyst were characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS mapping, HR-TEM, XPS, and DR-UV Vis. The as-synthesized Fc@rGO-ZnO photocatalyst performed remarkably against pristine ZnO, with a fivefold increase in removal efficiency. This superior activity was attributed to its improved light harvesting, charge carrier interface, and enhanced charge separation. Additionally, the photocatalyst obeyed the Lagergen model for pseudo-first-order kinetics. Congruously, the integrated approach of Fc@rGO and ZnO as oxidizing agents was proficient in removing >95% of antibiotics (CIP and SMX) within 180 min. Furthermore, the heterostructure configuration developed between Fc@rGO and ZnO helps in charge migration and generation of abundant •OH and •O2- radicals for photodegradation activities. The toxicity assessment of the treated solutions showed improved cell viability in the algal strains of Scenedesmus and Chlorella sp. Moreover, this novel approach for the synthesis of a photoactive nanocomposite is found to be low-cost and reusable for three cycles. The nanocomposite is environmentally sustainable paving the way for practical applications in the treatment of different classes of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Roy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT, Vellore, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, India
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3
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Popa A, Stefan M, Macavei S, Muresan LE, Leostean C, Floare-Avram CV, Toloman D. Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties of MWNTs Decorated with Fe-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2858. [PMID: 37049152 PMCID: PMC10095740 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles. MWCNT:ZnO-Fe nanocomposite samples with weight ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 were prepared using a facile synthesis method. The obtained crystalline phases were evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of both 2+ and 3+ valence states of Fe ions in a ratio of approximately 0.5. The electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectroscopy sustained the presence of Fe3+ ions in the ZnO lattice and evidenced oxygen vacancies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the attachment and distribution of Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles along the nanotubes with a star-like shape. All of the samples exhibited absorption in the UV region, and the absorption edge was shifted toward a higher wavelength after the addition of MWCNT component. The photoluminescence emission spectra showed peaks in the UV and visible region. Visible emissions are a result of the presence of defects or impurity states in the material. All of the samples showed photocatalytic activity against the Rhodamine B (RhB) synthetic solution under UV irradiation. The best performance was obtained using the MWCNT:ZnO-Fe(1:5) nanocomposite samples, which exhibited a 96% degradation efficiency. The mechanism of photocatalytic activity was explained based on the reactive oxygen species generated by the nanocomposites under UV irradiation in correlation with the structural and optical information obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Maria Stefan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Sergiu Macavei
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Laura Elena Muresan
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristian Leostean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Cornelia Veronica Floare-Avram
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Dana Toloman
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (C.L.)
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4
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Cheng Y, Xia C, Garalleh HA, Garaleh M, Lan Chi NT, Brindhadevi K. A review on optimistic development of polymeric nanocomposite membrane on environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137706. [PMID: 36592836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Current health and environmental concerns about the abundance and drawbacks of municipal wastewater as well as industrial effluent have prompted the development of novel and innovative treatment processes. A global shortage of clean water poses significant challenges to the survival of all life forms. For the removal of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable harmful wastes/pollutants from water, sophisticated wastewater treatment technologies are required. Polymer membrane technology is critical to overcoming this major challenge. Polymer matrix-based nanocomposite membranes are among the most popular in polymer membrane technology in terms of convenience. These membranes and their major components are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, cost effective, operationally versatile, and feasible. This review provides an overview of the drawbacks as well as promising developments in polymer membrane and nanocomposite membranes for environmental remediation, with a focus on wastewater treatment. Additionally, the advantages of nanocomposite membranes such as stability, antimicrobial properties, and adsorption processes have been discussed. The goal of this review was to summarize the remediation of harmful pollutants from water and wastewater/effluent using polymer matrix-based nanocomposite membrane technology, and to highlight its shortcomings and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Cheng
- Nanjing Station of Quality Protection in Cultivated Land, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Hakim Al Garalleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology-Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Garaleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology-Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, 66141, Jordan
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Computational Engineering and Design Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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5
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Lin S, Tian Y, Zhang W, Zhao T, Zhao M, Wang H. Enhanced photocatalytic activity over ZnO supported on calcium sulfate whisker derived from desulfurization gypsum. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Kusworo TD, Kumoro AC, Utomo DP. Photocatalytic nanohybrid membranes for highly efficient wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115357. [PMID: 35617864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is inevitably generated from human activities as part of the life cycle chain that potentially damages the environment. The integration of photocatalytic reaction and membrane separation for wastewater treatment has gained great attention in recent studies. However, there are still many technical limitations for its application such as toxic metal release, catalyst deactivation, fouling/biofouling, polymer disintegration, and separation performance decline. Different types, combinations, and modifications of photocatalysts material combined with membranes such as semiconductor metal oxides, binary/ternary hybrid metal oxides, elemental doped semiconductors, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for improving the performance and compatibility are presented and discussed. The strategies of incorporating photocatalysts into membrane matrix for pursuing the most stable membrane integrity, high photocatalytic efficiency, and excellent perm-selectivity performance in the very recent studies were discussed. This review also outlines the performance enhancement of photocatalytic membranes (PMs) in wastewater treatment and its potential for water reclamation. Photocatalysts enhanced membrane separation by inducing anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties as well as antibacterial activity. Based on the reviewed study, PMs are possible to achieve complete removal of emerging contaminants and ∼99% reduction of bacterial colony that leading on the zero liquid discharge (ZLD). However, the intensive exposure of photo-induced radicals potentially damages the polymeric membrane. Therefore, future studies should be focused on fabricating chemically stable host-membrane material. Moreover, the light source and the membrane module design for the practical application by considering the hydrodynamic and cost-efficiency should be a concern for technology diffusion to the industrial-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.
| | - Andri Cahyo Kumoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Dani Puji Utomo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
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7
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Majumder A, Gupta AK, Sillanpää M. Insights into kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of neurotoxic carbamazepine using magnetically separable mesoporous Fe3O4 modified Al-doped ZnO: Delineating the degradation pathway, toxicity analysis and application in real hospital wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Divya S, Oh TH. Polymer Nanocomposite Membrane for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091732. [PMID: 35566901 PMCID: PMC9100919 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With regard to global concerns, such as water scarcity and aquatic pollution from industries and domestic activities, membrane-based filtration for wastewater treatment has shown promising results in terms of water purification. Filtration by polymeric membranes is highly efficient in separating contaminants; however, such membranes have limited applications. Nanocomposite membranes, which are formed by adding nanofillers to polymeric membrane matrices, can enhance the filtration process. Considerable attention has been given to nanofillers, which include carbon-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. In this review, we first examined the current status of membrane technologies for water filtration, polymeric nanocomposite membranes, and their applications. Additionally, we highlight the challenges faced in water treatment in developing countries.
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Novel polycarbonate membrane embedded with multi-walled carbon nanotube for water treatment: a comparative study between bovine serum albumin and humic acid removal. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Khushboo, Kaur M, Jeet K. Mechanistic insight into adsorption and photocatalytic potential of magnesium ferrite-bentonite nanocomposite. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Patel RK, Shankar R, Khare P, Mondal P. Ultrasonication coupled electrochemical treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Optimization, and economic evaluation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Nguyen HT, Pham MT, Nguyen TMT, Bui HM, Wang YF, You SJ. Modifications of conventional organic membranes with photocatalysts for antifouling and self-cleaning properties applied in wastewater filtration and separation processes: A review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1982981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Minh-Thuan Pham
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Truc-Mai Thi Nguyen
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ha Manh Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Leichtweis J, Silvestri S, Stefanello N, Carissimi E. Degradation of ramipril by residues from the brewing industry: A new carbon-based photocatalyst compound. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130987. [PMID: 34289631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study is a pioneer in the use of hydrochar as a support for photocatalytic oxide and its application and evaluation as a catalyst in degradation reactions of ramipril. Novel composites were easily prepared by the support TiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles on the malt bagasse hydrochar. The preparation of the hydrochar requires low synthesis temperature (250 °C), generating the energy savings of the process. The production of the new composites was well supported by different analytical techniques XRD, FTIR, SSA, SEM, EDS, and reflectance diffuse. The effect of different proportions of TiO2 or ZnO on the composites was investigated on the degradation efficiency of the pharmaceutical ramipril, without pH adjustment. Composites with a 5:1 hydrochar/TiO2 or ZnO ratio (MH5T and MH5Z, respectively) showed degradations of 72 and 98% of ramipril at 120 min. This remarkable performance may be associated with the decrease in band gap energy and the electron-hole recombination rate. In addition, the composites were more efficient than metal oxides pristine, and this may be related to the fact that hydrochar have a high concentration of phenolic, hydroxyl, and carboxylic functional groups on their surface. Radical identification tests indicated that h+, O2•-, and •OH were the reactive species involved in the degradation. The proposed mechanism was studied via LC-MS/MS indicated that the ramipril molecule degrades into low m/z intermediates in the first 60 min of reaction using the MH5Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandira Leichtweis
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Siara Silvestri
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Stefanello
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - 7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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14
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Hexavalent chromium reduction by ZnO, SnO2 and ZnO-SnO2 synthesized using biosurfactants from extract of Solanum macrocarpon. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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15
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Majumder A, Saidulu D, Gupta AK, Ghosal PS. Predicting the trend and utility of different photocatalysts for degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds: A special emphasis on photocatalytic materials, modifications, and performance comparison. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112858. [PMID: 34052613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in the healthcare sector has led to an increase in pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in different aqueous bodies. The toxicity of the PhACs and their ability to persist after conventional treatment processes have escalated research in the field of photocatalytic treatment. Although different photocatalysts have been successful in degrading PhACs, their inherent drawbacks have severely limited their application on a large scale. A substantial amount of research has been aimed at overcoming the high cost of the photocatalytic material, low quantum yield, the formation of toxic end products, etc. Hence, to further research in this field, researchers must have a fair idea of the current trends in the application of different photocatalysts. In this article, the trends in the use of various photocatalysts for the removal of different PhACs have been circumscribed. The performance of different groups of photocatalysts to degrade PhACs from synthetic and real wastewater has been addressed. The drawbacks and advantages of these materials have been compared, and their future in the field of PhACs removal has been predicted using S-curve analysis. Zinc and titanium-based photocatalysts were efficient under UV irradiation, while bismuth and graphene-based materials exhibited exemplary performance in visible light. However, iron-based compounds were found to have the most promising future, which may be because of their magnetic properties, easy availability, low bandgap, etc. Different modification techniques, such as morphology modification, doping, heterojunction formation, etc., have also been discussed. This study may help researchers to clarify the current research status in the field of photocatalytic treatment of PhACs and provide valuable information for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Duduku Saidulu
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
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16
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Khurram R, Javed A, Ke R, Lena C, Wang Z. Visible Light-Driven GO/TiO 2-CA Nano-Photocatalytic Membranes: Assessment of Photocatalytic Response, Antifouling Character and Self-Cleaning Ability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2021. [PMID: 34443852 PMCID: PMC8401995 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis and membrane technology in a single unit is an ideal strategy for the development of wastewater treatment systems. In this work, novel GO (x wt%)/TiO2-CA hybrid membranes have been synthesized via a facile non-solvent induced phase inversion technique. The strategy aimed to address the following dilemmas: (1) Effective utilization of visible light and minimize e-/h+ recombination; (2) Enhanced separation capability and superior anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability. The experimental results reveal that the integration of nano-composite (GO/TiO2) boosts the membrane properties when compared to pristine CA and single photocatalyst employed membrane (GO-CA and TiO2-CA). The effect of GO content on the properties of the photocatalytic membrane has been determined by utilizing three different ratios of GO, viz. 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt% designated as NC(1)-CA, NC(2)-CA, and NC(3)-CA, respectively. Amongst them, NC(3)-CA membrane showed state-of-the-art performance with an elevated photocatalytic response (four times higher than pristine CA membrane) toward methyl orange. Moreover, the water flux of NC(3)-CA membrane is 613 L/m2h, approximately three times higher than bare CA membrane (297 L/m2h), while keeping the MO rejection high (96.6%). Besides, fouling experiments presented the lowest total and fouling resistance ratios and a higher flux recovery ratio (91.78%) for the NC(3)-CA membrane, which endows the membrane with higher anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Thus, NC(3)-CA membrane outperforms the other as synthesized membranes in terms of separation efficiency, visible light photo-degradation of pollutant, anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability. Therefore, NC(3)-CA membrane is considered as the next generation membrane for exhibiting great potential for the wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooha Khurram
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (R.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Aroosa Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (S.N.S.), NUST, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Ruihua Ke
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (R.K.); (C.L.)
- School of Ecological Construction and Environmental Protection, Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou 341002, China
| | - Cheng Lena
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (R.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (R.K.); (C.L.)
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Verma S, Younis SA, Kim KH, Dong F. Anisotropic ZnO nanostructures and their nanocomposites as an advanced platform for photocatalytic remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125651. [PMID: 33770683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of advanced heterogeneous photocatalysts, ZnO has emerged as a promising option for solar-driven heterogeneous photocatalyst with many advantageous properties (e.g., optical band structure and electronic properties). However, as the efficacy of such system can also be limited by a number of demerits (e.g., fast recombination of charge carriers and limited photon absorption), considerable efforts are needed for its effective and practical scale-up. This article provides a detailed literature review of the synthesis and modification of ZnO nanostructures with tuned band structures and controllable morphologies for solar light harvesting. The potential of anisotropic ZnO nanostructures is also discussed with respect to the photocatalytic degradation of organic/inorganic water pollutants. Further, the role of various metal dopants is discussed for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity along with evaluation of their photocatalytic performances under UV-visible or solar irradiation. Finally, our discussions are expanded to describe the prospects of developed ZnO nano-photocatalysts for real-world applications with respect to light-harvesting efficiency and mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherif A Younis
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Fan Dong
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Iazdani F, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A. Supported cuprous oxide-clinoptilolite nanoparticles: Brief identification and the catalytic kinetics in the photodegradation of dichloroaniline. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119348. [PMID: 33401177 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The supported CuO onto the ball-mill prepared clinoptilolite nanoparticles (CNPs) was prepared via an ion exchange process in Cu(II) aqueous solution followed by the calcination process. The CuO-CNP samples with various CuO loading were briefly characterized by XRD, FTIR, and DRS. pHpzc was varied in the range of 6.3 to 6.8 depending on the amount of loaded CuO in the samples. The band gap energy was estimated by applying the Kubelka-Munk equation on the DRS results that varied from 2.41 to 2.50 eV depending on the CuO loading. Based on the Scherrer equation nano-sized CuO-CNP at about 50 nm was estimated. The CuO-CNP contained 3.9% CuO showed the highest photocatalytic activity toward dichloroaniline (DCA). The effects of the experimental variables on DCA photodegradation were studied by using the Hinshelwood model. The optimal conditions for obtaining a higher rate for DCA photodegradation were the catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L, CDCA: 5 ppm, and the initial pH: 3. HPLC analysis of the photodegraded DCA solutions for 180 and 300 min gave the degradation extents 71% and 90%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Iazdani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran; Razi Chemistry Research Center (RCRC), Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Enesca A, Andronic L. The Influence of Photoactive Heterostructures on the Photocatalytic Removal of Dyes and Pharmaceutical Active Compounds: A Mini-Review. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091766. [PMID: 32906732 PMCID: PMC7560097 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of pollutants type and concentration in wastewater has underlined the importance of finding new alternatives to traditional treatment methods. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), among others, are considered as promising candidate to efficiently remove organic pollutants such as dyes or pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs). The present minireview resumes several recent achievements on the implementation and optimization of photoactive heterostructures used as photocatalysts for dyes and PhACs removal. The paper is focused on various methods of enhancing the heterostructure photocatalytic properties by optimizing parameters such as synthesis methods, composition, crystallinity, morphology, pollutant concentration and light irradiation.
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Ahmad I, Akhtar MS, Ahmed E, Ahmad M. Highly efficient visible light driven photocatalytic activity of graphene and CNTs based Mg doped ZnO photocatalysts: A comparative study. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Critical Issues and Guidelines to Improve the Performance of Photocatalytic Polymeric Membranes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMR), with immobilized photocatalysts, play an important role in process intensification strategies; this approach offers a simple solution to the typical catalyst recovery problem of photocatalytic processes and, by simultaneous filtration and photocatalysis of the aqueous streams, facilitates clean water production in a single unit. The synthesis of polymer photocatalytic membranes has been widely explored, while studies focused on ceramic photocatalytic membranes represent a minority. However, previous reports have identified that the successful synthesis of polymeric photocatalytic membranes still faces certain challenges that demand further research, e.g., (i) reduced photocatalytic activity, (ii) photocatalyst stability, and (iii) membrane aging, to achieve technological competitiveness with respect to suspended photocatalytic systems. The novelty of this review is to go a step further to preceding literature by first, critically analyzing the factors behind these major limitations and second, establishing useful guidelines. This information will help researchers in the field in the selection of the membrane materials and synthesis methodology for a better performance of polymeric photocatalytic membranes with targeted functionality; special attention is focused on factors affecting membrane aging and photocatalyst stability.
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