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Dar AH, Ahmad A, Kumar A, Gowri V, Jori C, Sartaliya S, K M N, Ali N, Bishnoi M, Khan R, Jayamurugan G. Superior Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Nanoaggregates of Weakly Emissive Dyes for Use in Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5438-5450. [PMID: 37856822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of luminescent dyes based on 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBDs) is an active research area, and a quantum yield (ΦF) of 7.8% has been achieved so far in cyclohexane by appending a fluorophore. Our novel method radically refines weakly emissive 2,3-disubstituted TCBD (phenyl-TCBD 1) (ΦF = 2.3% in CH3CN) into a water-soluble, biocompatible nanoformulation as highly emissive aggregates 1NPs ⊂ PF-127 with ΦF = 7.9% in H2O and without fluorophore conjugation. Characterization of 1NPs ⊂ PF-127 was carried out using various spectroscopic techniques, and its predominant size was found to be 80-100 nm according to transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Spectroscopic studies including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that aggregated phenyl-TCBD particles were encapsulated in a nonluminescent triblock copolymer (PF-127)-based nanomicelles with the TCBD entrapment efficiency of 77%. With increasing water fraction, the phenyl-TCBD nanoaggregates exhibited a 3-fold higher quantum yield, a greater lifetime, and a red shift (155 nm). This remarkable enhancement in red emissivity enabled them to be used as a bioprobe for bioimaging applications and in photodynamic therapy to selectively target cancer cell lines with singlet oxygen generation capability (ΦΔ = 0.25). According to the MTT assay, compared to the native molecular form (1229 nM), the aggregated 1NPs ⊂ PF-127 (13.51 nM) exhibited dose-dependent cell death when exposed to light with 91-fold increased activity. The histoarchitectures of various vital organs (liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and spleen) were intact when tested for in vivo biocompatibility. This study has significant implications for developing nonplanar push-pull chromophore-based dyes as biosensors and with potential applications beyond bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Jori
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Shaifali Sartaliya
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Neethu K M
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
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Sun Y, Tan Y, Yan D, Gui Y, Luo W, Zhu D, Wang D, Tang BZ. Recent advances of AIE-active materials for orthotopic tumor phototheranostics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1906. [PMID: 37264521 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer ranks as a leading threat to human life and health. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, phototheranostics shares the advantages of integrated diagnosis and therapy, outstanding therapeutic performance and good controllability. Amid diverse phototheranostic agents, small organic luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgen) tendency show predominant advantages in terms of superior photostability, large Stokes shifts, and boosted theranostic capacity as aggregates. In the past two decades, AIE-active materials have demonstrated formidable applications in disease theranostics, especially for tumors. This review mainly highlights the recent advances of orthotopic tumor phototheranostics mediated by AIEgens with a classification of different organs. Additionally, a brief discussion of current bottlenecks and future directions is outlined. We believe this review can deepen the understanding and spur more innovations on tumor theranostics by employing AIEgens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dingyuan Yan
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixiong Gui
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenshuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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De S, Das G. Surfactant-induced disaggregation of a quinoxaline AIEgen scaffold: aggregation aptitude in the solid and solution states. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6116-6121. [PMID: 37538008 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00638g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We have designed five propellor-shaped molecules based on the quinoxaline scaffold with a functional group variation. They exhibit aggregation-induced emission, and the responses of these congeners regarding good solvents and poor solvents are investigated both spectroscopically and microscopically. Solid- as well as solution-state parallel analysis of the aggregation facet is laid out. Notably, L2 interacts specifically with a cationic surfactant, unlike other congeners where the mechanism proceeds via disaggregation. Real sample analysis was carried out on freshwater samples as well as waste effluent samples from domestic households and industries, thus projecting the analytical and environmental significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Gopal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Sun H, Chen S, Zhong A, Sun R, Jin J, Yang J, Liu D, Niu J, Lu S. Tuning Photophysical Properties via Positional Isomerization of the Pyridine Ring in Donor-Acceptor-Structured Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens Based on Phenylmethylene Pyridineacetonitrile Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073282. [PMID: 37050045 PMCID: PMC10096500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-featured phenylmethylene pyridineacetonitrile derivatives named o-DBCNPy ((Z)-3-(4-(di-p-tolylamino)phenyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)acrylonitrile), m-DBCNPy ((Z)-3-(4-(di-p-tolylamino)phenyl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylonitrile), and p-DBCNPy ((Z)-3-(4-(di-p-tolylamino)phenyl)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)acrylonitrile) have been synthesized by tuning the substitution position of the pyridine ring. The linkage manner of the pyridine ring had influences on the molecular configuration and conjugation, thus leading to different photophysical properties. The absorption and fluorescence emission peak showed a bathochromic shift when the linking position of the pyridine ring changed from the meta to the ortho and para position. Meanwhile, o-DBCNPy exhibited the highest fluorescence quantum yield of 0.81 and the longest fluorescence lifetime of 7.96 ns as a neat film among all three isomers. Moreover, non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were assembled in which the molecules acted as the light-emitting layer. Due to the relatively prominent emission properties, the electroluminescence (EL) performance of the o-DBCNPy-based OLED was superior to those of the devices based on the other two isomers with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.31%. The results indicate that delicate molecular modulation of AIE molecules could endow them with improved photophysical properties, making them potential candidates for organic photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiya Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shuixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiajie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shengli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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Sun H, He T, Zhang C, Wang S, Dong L, Li Z, Gu PY, Wang Z, Long G, Zhang Q. Structural Engineering of Red Luminogens to Realize High Emission Efficiency through ACQ-to-AIE Transformation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300029. [PMID: 36806228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep red/near-infrared (NIR, >650 nm) emissive organic luminophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviours have emerged as promising candidates for applications in optoelectronic devices and biological fields. However, the molecular design philosophy for AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with narrow band gaps are rarely explored. Herein, we rationally designed two red organic luminophores, FITPA and FIMPA, by considering the enlargement of transition dipole moment in the charge-transfer state and the transformation from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) to AIE. The transition dipole moments were effectively enhanced with a "V-shaped" molecular configuration. Meanwhile, the ACQ-to-AIE transformation from FITPA to FIMPA was induced by a methoxy-substitution strategy. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the ACQ-to-AIE transformation originated from a crystallization-induced emission (CIE) effect because of additional weak interactions in the aggregate state introduced by methoxy groups. Owing to the enhanced transition dipole moment and AIE behaviour, FIMPA presented intense luminescence covering the red-to-NIR region, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 38 % in solid state. The promising cell-imaging performance further verified the great potential of FIMPA in biological applications. These results provide a guideline for the development of red and NIR AIEgens through comprehensive consideration of both the effect of molecular structure and molecular interactions in aggregate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, 221018, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chuchen Zhang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, 221018, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shifan Wang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, 221018, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, 221018, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, 221018, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Yang Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 213164, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, School of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 2 Lishui Road, Yunlong District, 221018, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Pratihar S, Prasad E. Effect of positional isomerism on the excited state charge transfer dynamics of anthracene-based D-π-A systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5226-5236. [PMID: 36723193 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the back electron transfer (BET) rate of ion pairs from the electronically excited state of donor-acceptor systems is crucial for developing materials for organic electronics. The structure-property relationships in the organic molecular architectures play a key role in controlling the BET rate and have been utilized as a criterion to design systems with a reduced BET rate. Here, we examine the influence of isomerism on the BET rate in anthracene based systems, viz., (E)-2-(2-(anthracen-9-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile (ortho-CN) and (E)-3-(2-(anthracen-9-yl)vinyl)benzonitrile (meta-CN) with N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) in methylcyclohexane using time-resolved spectroscopy. The radical cation (DEA˙+) and the radical anion (ortho-CN˙- or meta-CN˙-) generated after photoexcitation show synchronous decay kinetics, and the rate constant of back electron transfer (kBET) for the DEA/ortho-CN pair was 6.6 × 104 s-1, which is ca. 2 orders of magnitude lower compared with the DEA/meta-CN pair. The role of isomerism in providing resonance stabilization for the organic radicals is expected to have implications for strategies that retard charge recombination in photovoltaics. The role of the molecular structural features that dictate the kinetics for charge recombination has been further identified using quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatilekha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Ma J, Gu Y, Ma D, Lu W, Qiu J. Insights into AIE materials: A focus on biomedical applications of fluorescence. Front Chem 2022; 10:985578. [PMID: 36186580 PMCID: PMC9521682 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.985578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules have garnered considerable interest since its first appearance in 2001. Recent studies on AIE materials in biological and medical areas have demonstrated that they show their promise as biomaterials for bioimaging and other biomedical applications. Benefiting from significant advantages of their high sensitivity, excellent photostability, and good biocompatibility, AIE-based materials provide dramatically improved analytical capacities for in vivo detection and demonstration of vital biological processes. Herein, we introduce the development history of AIE molecules and recent progress in areas of biotesting and bioimaging. Additionally, this review also offers an outlook for the potential applications of versatile AIE materials for tracing and treating pathological tissues, including overcoming challenges and feasible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanru Gu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Depeng Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Qiu,
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8
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Khan NA, Waheed S, Junaid HM, Hamad A, Imran M, Shah SH, Khan GS, Shahzad SA. Ultra-Sensitive Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes for Femtomolar Detection of Picric Acid: Mechanochromic, Latent Fingerprinting, and pH Responsive Character with AIE Properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Xu Y, Liang N, Liu J, Gong X, Yan P, Sun S. Design and fabrication of chitosan-based AIE active micelles for bioimaging and intelligent delivery of paclitaxel. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119509. [PMID: 35550783 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cetyl 4-formylbenzoate alkyl and 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy) benzophenonesalicylaldazide modified biotinylated chitosan (CS-BT-HBS-CB) featured with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic, active tumor-targeting ability and pH-responsive drug release property was designed and synthesized. The polymer was fabricated by introducing hydrophobic segment, tumor targeting ligand, acid-sensitive bond and AIE fluorophore to the backbone of chitosan. Due to its amphiphilicity, the polymer could self-assemble into micelles and encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) to form PTX-loaded CS-BT-HBS-CB micelles. The mean size of the micelles was 167 nm, which was beneficial to the EPR effect. Moreover, with the help of above functional groups, the micelles exhibited excellent AIE effect, triggered drug release behavior by acidic condition, selective internalization by MCF-7 cells and excellent cellular imaging capability. In vivo studies revealed that the PTX-loaded CS-BT-HBS-CB micelles could enhance the antitumor efficacy with low systemic toxicity. This micellar system would be a potential candidate for cancer therapy and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Na Liang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xianfeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shaoping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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ACQ-to-AIE Transformation by Regioisomerization of Rofecoxib Derivatives for Developing Novel Mechanochromic and Acidochromic Materials. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Al Sharif OF, Nhari LM, El-Shishtawy RM, Zayed MEM, Asiri AM. AIE and reversible mechanofluorochromism characteristics of new imidazole-based donor-π-acceptor dyes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19270-19283. [PMID: 35865558 PMCID: PMC9248369 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new imidazole-based donor–π–acceptor 2a–2d dyes have been synthesized, and their solvatochromism, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties were investigated. The new dyes 2a–2d were designed to have 1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole as an electron donor (D) and 1-indanone, 1,3-indandione, 2-phenylacetonitrile and 2-thiopheneacetonitrile as electron acceptors (A) linked through a phenyl bridge. The maximum absorption wavelength of 2a–2d dyes in DCM solution appeared at 376, 437, 368, and 375 nm, respectively. The dyes exhibit a high molar extinction coefficient (ε) and large Stokes shift, making them useful in optoelectronic applications. Solvatochromic properties of dyes 2a–2d have been studied and showed bathochromic changes in emission wavelengths, from 449 to 550 nm for 2a, 476 to 599 nm for 2b, 438 to 520 nm for 2c, and from 439 to 529 nm for 2d, as the solvent polarity increased from n-hexane to acetonitrile. Moreover, in dioxane/water mixture systems, AIE behaviors were observed, and the emission intensity of 2b–2d dyes increased by around 5, 3, and 3 times in the mixed solvent (dioxane : water = 10 : 90) in contrast to pure dioxane. In addition, the XRD data of the 2a–2d dyes in pristine, ground, and fumed states illustrate that the transition between the ordered crystalline and disordered amorphous phases is the primary cause of MFC behaviors mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of dyes is distributed on the donor unit. In contrast, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is mainly placed on the acceptor unit to reveal that the HOMO–LUMO transition has a great ICT character. Four new imidazole-based donor–π–acceptor 2a–2d dyes have been synthesized, and their solvatochromism, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud F Al Sharif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia .,King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.,Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila M Nhari
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda M El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohie E M Zayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia .,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zhou Y, Yang Z, Qiu Z, Tang N, Sun D, Liu B, Wu X, Ji S, Chen WC, Huo Y. New donor–π–acceptor AIEgens: Influence of π bridge on luminescence properties and electroluminescence application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Liu W, Wang X, Li R, Sun S, Li Z, Hao J, Lin B, Jiang H, Xie L. A Precise Molecular Design to Achieve ACQ‐to‐AIE Transformation for Developing New Mechanochromic Material by Regio‐Isomerization Strategy**. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products Fujian Institute of Microbiology Fuzhou Fujian 350007 PR China
- The School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 P.R. China
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou Fujian 350007 PR China
| | - Renfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 PR China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang Liaoning 110016 PR China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang Liaoning 110016 PR China
| | - Jinle Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang Liaoning 110016 PR China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang Liaoning 110016 PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products Fujian Institute of Microbiology Fuzhou Fujian 350007 PR China
- The School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products Fujian Institute of Microbiology Fuzhou Fujian 350007 PR China
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14
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Wang Z, Li R, Chen L, Zhai X, Liu W, Lin X, Chen L, Chen N, Sun S, Li Z, Hao J, Chen X, Lin B, Xie L. Precise Molecular Design of a Pair of New Regioisomerized Fluorophores With Opposite Fluorescent Properties. Front Chem 2022; 9:823519. [PMID: 35127656 PMCID: PMC8811449 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.823519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has attracted much attention in the past 2 decades. To develop novel AIE-active materials, ACQ-to-AIE transformation via regioisomerization is one of the most straightforward method. However, most of the reported ACQ-to-AIE transformations are achieved by migrating bulky units. In this work, a facile conversion was realized by migrating a small pyrrolidinyl group from para- to ortho-position on the rofecoxib scaffold. As a result, a pair of new isomers named MOX2 and MOX4 exhibited AIE behavior and ACQ activity, respectively. Moreover, MOX2 also showed solvatochromic, mechanochromic, and acidochromic properties with reversible multi-stimulus behavior. Single crystal X-ray analysis of MOX2 revealed that the molecular conformation and its packing mode were responsible for the AIE emission behavior. Further investigation indicated that MOX2 showed high lipid droplets staining selectivity. Taken together, the current work not only provides a new design philosophy for achieving ACQ-to-AIE conversion by migrating a small pyrrolidinyl group but also presents a promising candidate MOX2 for potential applications such as in security ink, optical recording and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
- Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinle Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyuan Chen, ; Bin Lin, ; Lijun Xie,
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyuan Chen, ; Bin Lin, ; Lijun Xie,
| | - Lijun Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyuan Chen, ; Bin Lin, ; Lijun Xie,
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15
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Chen S, Xu J, Li Y, Peng B, Luo L, Feng H, Chen Z, Wang Z. Research Progress of Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) to Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Transformation Based on Organic Small Molecules. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Wang C, Wang Z, Chen S, Cui P, Qiu L, Zhou S, Jiang H, Jiang P, Wang J. Modulation of Aggregation-Caused Quenching to Aggregation-Induced Emission: Finding a Biocompatible Polymeric Theranostics Platform for Cancer Therapy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100264. [PMID: 34347315 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dual intramolecular FRET polymers are synthesized via Suzuki coupling and their luminescence characteristics from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is modulated conveniently by adjusting the charged ratios. The finally obtained AIE polymer is further employed to construct doxorubicin loaded nanoparticles as a promising theranostics platform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
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17
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Shi H, Liang N, Liu J, Li S, Gong X, Yan P, Sun S. AIE-active polymeric micelles based on modified chitosan for bioimaging-guided targeted delivery and controlled release of paclitaxel. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118327. [PMID: 34294339 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel polymer based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogen, biotin and disulfide bonds modified chitosan (TPE-bi(SS-CS-Bio)) was designed and synthesized. The polymer could self-assemble into micelles in aqueous media and encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX) into the core with high drug loading. Fluorescence study indicated that the micelles exhibited excellent AIE feature with intense blue fluorescence emitted. In vitro drug release study indicated that the micelles could disassemble rapidly in the presence of high level of glutathione. The modification by biotin could enhance the cellular uptake of the micelles. The drug-loaded micelles possessed remarkable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, and their distribution in the cells could be traced due to the excellent AIE feature. In vivo antitumor efficacy study demonstrated the superior antitumor activity of the PTX-loaded TPE-bi(SS-CS-Bio) micelles. These results indicated that TPE-bi(SS-CS-Bio) has the ability of biological imaging and can be used as a potential carrier for PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Na Liang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xianfeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shaoping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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18
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Wang T, Shen L, Wang H, Zhang N. A highly selective fluorescent sensor for ratiometric detection of cyanide in aqueous solution and solid states. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Li Y, Liu S, Ni H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Chuah C, Ma C, Wong KS, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Qian J, Lu X, Tang BZ. ACQ‐to‐AIE Transformation: Tuning Molecular Packing by Regioisomerization for Two‐Photon NIR Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12822-12826. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Huwei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT) the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310020 China
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
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20
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Li Y, Liu S, Ni H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Chuah C, Ma C, Wong KS, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Qian J, Lu X, Tang BZ. ACQ‐to‐AIE Transformation: Tuning Molecular Packing by Regioisomerization for Two‐Photon NIR Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Huwei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT) the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310020 China
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
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