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Suero Molina E, Black D, Walke A, Azemi G, D’Alessandro F, König S, Stummer W. Unraveling the blue shift in porphyrin fluorescence in glioma: The 620 nm peak and its potential significance in tumor biology. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1261679. [PMID: 38027504 PMCID: PMC10657867 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1261679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In glioma surgery, the low-density infiltration zone of tumors is difficult to detect by any means. While, for instance, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence is a well-established surgical procedure for maximizing resection of malignant gliomas, a cell density in tumor tissue of 20-30% is needed to observe visual fluorescence. Hyperspectral imaging is a powerful technique for the optical characterization of brain tissue, which accommodates the complex spectral properties of gliomas. Thereby, knowledge about the signal source is essential to generate specific separation (unmixing) procedures for the different spectral characteristics of analytes and estimate compound abundances. It was stated that protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence consists mainly of emission peaks at 634 nm (PpIX634) and 620 nm (PpIX620). However, other members of the substance group of porphyrins fluoresce similarly to PpIX due to their common tetrapyrrole core structure. While the PpIX634 signal has reliably been assigned to PpIX, it has not yet been analyzed if PpIX620 might result from a different porphyrin rather than being a second photo state of PpIX. We thus reviewed more than 200,000 spectra from various tumors measured in almost 600 biopsies of 130 patients. Insufficient consideration of autofluorescence led to artificial inflation of the PpIX620 peak in the past. Recently, five basis spectra (PpIX634, PpIX620, flavin, lipofuscin, and NADH) were described and incorporated into the analysis algorithm, which allowed more accurate unmixing of spectral abundances. We used the improved algorithm to investigate the PpIX620 signal more precisely and investigated coproporphyrin III (CpIII) fluorescence phantoms for spectral unmixing. Our findings show that the PpIX634 peak was the primary source of the 5-ALA-induced fluorescence. CpIII had a similar spectral characteristic to PpIX620. The supplementation of 5-ALA may trigger the increased production of porphyrins other than PpIX within the heme biosynthesis pathway, including that of CpIII. It is essential to correctly separate autofluorescence from the main PpIX634 peak to analyze the fluorescence signal. This article highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the spectral complexity in gliomas and suggests less significance of the 620 nm fluorescence peak for PpIX analysis and visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Suero Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Black
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Walke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ghasem Azemi
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio D’Alessandro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Jonin C, Salmon E, Brevet PF. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering of adenine, thymine, and cytosine in neat water. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:204306. [PMID: 34852481 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first hyperpolarizabilities of the DNA bases thymine and cytosine were determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering in neat water despite their low solubility. Due to the low intensity levels collected, count statistics were performed instead of the standard dilution procedure. The first hyperpolarizabilities were found to be βThymine = (2.99 ± 0.44) × 10-30 esu for thymine and βCytosine = (3.35 ± 0.21) × 10-30 esu for cytosine. Due to its weak solubility, only an upper limit βAdenine < (1.82 ± 0.10) × 10-30 esu could be set for adenine. The first hyperpolarizability of guanine could not be measured because of its very weak solubility. Theoretical static and 800 nm dynamic first hyperpolarizability tensor elements were also computed with Gaussian 09 for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jonin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 10 Rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Estelle Salmon
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 10 Rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-François Brevet
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 10 Rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Hu X, Zhang N, Shen L, Yu L, Huang LY, Wang AJ, Shan D, Yuan PX, Feng JJ. The enhanced photoelectrochemical platform constructed by N-doped ZnO nanopolyhedrons and porphyrin for ultrasensitive detection of brain natriuretic peptide. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1183:338870. [PMID: 34627528 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP-32) is fundamental to early cardiovascular clinical diagnosis, whose accurate assay is of significance by photoelectrochemistry (PEC) for the low background and high precision. Herein, a novel enhanced PEC platform was built by successive deposition of N-doped ZnO nanopolyhedra (N-ZnO NP) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Specifically, the N-ZnO NP with a narrow bandgap of 2.60 eV was synthesized by direct calcination of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8), and performed as the substrate to enhance the photocurrents of PPIX (as photosensitizer) whose photoelectron transfer pathway and enhanced PEC mechanism were studied in detail. Under such foundation, a label-free PEC aptasensor was developed by deposition of DNA aptamer onto the PEC platform and then ultrasensitive assay of BNP-32 based on a "signal off" model. The biosensor showed a wide linear range (1 pg mL-1- 0.1 μg mL-1) with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.14 pg mL-1. This doping technique of ZnO nanomaterials provides some valuable guidelines for synthesis of advanced PEC probes in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Luan Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Li-Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Sino-French Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bioanalytical Chemistry, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Pei-Xin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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