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Truksa J, Kratochvíl M, Richtár J, Ivanová L, Weiter M, Krajčovič J, Lukeš V. Spectroscopic behavior differences between lumazine and alloxazine in the DMSO-water mixture. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:122998. [PMID: 37356394 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and emission spectra were investigated for lumazine, alloxazine and their cyanated or fluorinated derivatives, respectively. The spectroscopic properties were modulated by varying water concentration in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Some intriguing experimental results were found for the samples containing 65 % of water and 35% of DMSO. This finding is consistent with previously published molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirming the concept of the 'local bulk' model. In this case, a notable decrease in absorption and emission intensities was registered, even larger than the water quenching observed in other cases. The changes in midrange DMSO concentrations could be explained by the formation of local solvents structures as predicted by MD, specifically the formation of DMSO·2H2O dimers. Experimentally, the cyano-substituted lumazine has shown a remarkable sensitivity to DMSO concentration. The spectroscopic measurements were interpreted using the density functional theory where the implicit DMSO solvent model was combined with explicit water molecules. Together with its enhanced water solubility, the cyanated lumazine derivate could be used for non-destructive DMSO detection in vitro for applications such as drug uptake monitoring, since DMSO is often used in pharmaceutical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Truksa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Matouš Kratochvíl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Richtár
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Ivanová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiter
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Krajčovič
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Golczak A, Prukała D, Sikorska E, Gierszewski M, Cherkas V, Kwiatek D, Kubiak A, Varma N, Pędziński T, Murphree S, Cibulka R, Mrówczyńska L, Kolanowski JL, Sikorski M. Tetramethylalloxazines as efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizers and potential redox-sensitive agents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13426. [PMID: 37591918 PMCID: PMC10435492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylalloxazines (TMeAll) have been found to have a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation when used as photosensitizers. Their electronic structure and transition energies (S0 → Si, S0 → Ti, T1 → Ti) were calculated using DFT and TD-DFT methods and compared to experimental absorption spectra. Generally, TMeAll display an energy diagram similar to other derivatives belonging to the alloxazine class of compounds, namely π,π* transitions are accompanied by closely located n,π* transitions. Photophysical data such as quantum yields of fluorescence, fluorescence lifetimes, and nonradiative rate constants were also studied in methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The transient absorption spectra were also analyzed. To assess cytotoxicity of new compounds, a hemolytic assay was performed using human red blood cells (RBC) in vitro. Subsequently, fluorescence lifetime imaging experiments (FLIM) were performed on RBC under physiological and oxidative stress conditions alone or in the presence of TMeAll allowing for pinpointing changes caused by those compounds on the intracellular environment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Golczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Prukała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikorska
- Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gierszewski
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Cherkas
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Kwiatek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Kubiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Naisargi Varma
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pędziński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Shaun Murphree
- Department of Chemistry, Allegheny College, 520 N. Main Street, Meadville, PA, USA
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lukasz Kolanowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Mal M, Mandal D. Double proton transfer in a polar nano-droplet: Phototautomerization of alloxazine in AOT/alkane reverse micelles containing water or glycerol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119708. [PMID: 33784597 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alloxazine phototautomerization is believed to occur through an excited state double proton transfer (ESDPT) mechanism involving cyclic intermolecular H-bonded complexes between Alloxazine and hydroxylic solvents like water and alcohols. In AOT/alkane dispersions in the absence of any polar liquid, Alloxazine molecules reside inside the polar core of the AOT reverse micelle nanoparticles, where they involve in H-bonding with the anionic sulfonate head-groups of the AOT molecules, but are unable to generate the appropriate cyclic intermolecular H-bonded complexes conducive to ESDPT. However, tautomerization is switched on with addition of water and formation ofwater nano-droplet at the core of reverse micelle. Evidently, the Alloxazine⋅⋅⋅⋅AOT H-bonds are now replaced by Alloxazine⋅⋅⋅⋅Water H-bonds, promotingESDPT. On the other hand, Alloxazine phototautomerization is hindered in Glycerol, irrespective of whether the latter is in the bulk liquid state or in the form of a polar nano-droplet. This may be explained by steric considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushree Mal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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Guo H, Ma X, Lei Z, Qiu Y, Zhao J, Dick B. Photophysical properties of N-methyl and N-acetyl substituted alloxazines: a theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13734-13744. [PMID: 34128506 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure and photophysical properties of a series of N-methyl and N-acetyl substituted alloxazines (AZs) were investigated with extensive density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) based calculations. We showed that non-radiative decays from the lowest singlet and triplet excited states of these AZs are dominant over their radiative counterparts. The fast non-radiative decays of the excited AZs can be attributed to the energy consumption (Ereorg) through structural reorganization facilitated by the intrinsic normal modes of the alloxazine framework, as well as their coupling with those of the functional groups. Substitution with functional groups may lead to further perturbation of the electronic structure of the AZ chromophore, which may enhance intersystem crossing with the ππ* states of the AZs. Due to the different bonding of N1 and N3 within the alloxazine framework, substitution may result in AZs with different photophysical properties. Specifically, functionalization at N1 may help in maintaining or even reducing Ereorg and would promote the absorption and radiative decay from the excited AZs. However, the strong coupling of the vibrational modes of acetyl at N3 with the intrinsic normal modes of the alloxazine framework would contribute significantly to Ereorg, and benefit the non-radiative decay of the excited AZs. We expect that the findings would pave the way for rational design of novel AZs with extraordinary photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiwen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
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Dutta Choudhury S, Mohanty J. Photoinduced electron transfer in host-guest interactions of lumichrome with p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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