Polymer fused GOFe: Light-driven oxygen donor and antiseptics

Photoresponsive Nanoarchitectonics Based on Copper-Porphyrins for Near-Infrared-Enhanced Bacterial Treatment

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges that causes incurable diseases and endangers public health. Metal-porphyrin-modified nanoarchitectonics can enhance the bacterial affinity and destruction of cell walls. Herein, a new photoresponsive nanoarchitectonics (BPGa@COF-Cu) was synthesized by doping Ga(III) on the surface of black phosphorus (BP) and subsequently loaded into a Cu(II)-based covalent-organic framework (COF-Cu). The COF-Cu was induced by the coupling reaction of terephthalic chloride with amino-substituted porphyrin derivatives (THPP), followed by the coordination of the Cu(II) ion. The material BPGa@COF-Cu is a nanoball, and the mean radius is ca. 250 nm. The photochemical properties of BPGa@COF-Cu show that it efficiently catalyzes H2O2 into ·OH. BPGa@COF-Cu can also produce both singlet oxygen and heat upon 808 nm irradiation. Further, BPGa@COF-Cu was employed to inhibit bacteria, and the results showed that it can destroy the membrane of bacteria. The MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) of BPGa@COF-Cu against E. coli was 1 μg/mL. All the data suggest that BPGa@COF-Cu is a multiple nanoarchitectonics for bacterial treatment.

Europium- and Black Phosphorus-Functionalized Porphyrin as an l-Arginine Sensor and l-Arginine-Activated PDT/PTT Agent for Bacterial Treatment

The attenuation of bacterial metabolism provides an adjunct to the treatment of bacterial infections. To develop a bacterial eradication agent, a bioactivatable material (BP@Eu-TCPP) was designed and synthesized by coordination and reduction of europium(III) with thin-layer black phosphorus (BP) and tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP). The existence of the P-Eu bond and Eu2+ 3d5/2 in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of BP@Eu-TCPP. This material showed high fluorescence sensitivity to l-Arginine (l-Arg) and the main binding ratio of BP@Eu-TCPP to l-Arg was ca. 1:2 or 1:3, with the limit of detection of 4.0 μM. The material also showed good photothermal properties and stability, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 37.3%. Although metal coordination has blocked the generation of 1O2, the addition of l-Arg to BP@Eu-TCPP can restore 1O2 generation upon red light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation due to the formation of water-soluble Arg-TCPP species. Additionally, BP@Eu-TCPP was enabled to change the bacterial membrane and interfered with the bacterial iron absorption that effectively contributes to bacterial eradication. Such BP@Eu-TCPP is promised to be a novel material for the detection of l-Arg and l-Arg-activated photodynamic therapy.

Bacterium-Sculpted Porphyrin-Protein-Iron Sulfide Clusters for Distinction and Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus

Microbe-catalyzed surface modification is a promising method for the production of special targeting nanomaterials. A bacterium-selective material can be obtained by investigating the microbe-catalyzed mineralization of proteins. Herein, a novel method was fabricated for the biosynthesis of FeS-decorated porphyrin-protein clusters (P-CA@BE) via E. coli (Escherichia coli)-catalyzed bio-Fe(III) reduction and bio-sulfidation of porphyrin (P), caffeic acid (CA), and protein [bovine serum albumin (BSA)] assemblies. The assembly (P-CA@BSA) was identified by spectroscopic methods. Next, the P-CA@BSA assembly was transferred into FeS-decorated porphyrin-protein clusters (P-CA@BE) catalyzed by E. coli. There are partial β-folding proteins in P-CA@BE, which selectively recognize S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and show different antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus. Results demonstrate that the E. coli-catalyzed mineralization of the porphyrin-protein assembly is an effective method for the biosynthesis of S. aureus-sensitive metal-protein clusters.