Synthesis of NiFe2O4/Ag nanoparticles immobilized on mesoporous g-C3N4 sheets and application for degradation of antibiotics

Alginate based hemostatic materials for bleeding management: A review

Severe bleeding has caused significant financial losses as well as a major risk to the lives and health of military and civilian populations. Under some situations, the natural coagulation mechanism of the body is unable to achieve fast hemostasis without the use of hemostatic drugs. Thus, the development of hemostatic materials and techniques is essential. Improving the quality of life and survival rate of patients and minimizing bodily damage requires fast, efficient hemostasis and prevention of bleeding. Alginate is regarded as an outstanding hemostatic polymer because of its non-immunogenicity, biodegradability, good biocompatibility, simple gelation, non-toxicity, and easy availability. This review summarizes the basics of hemostasis and emphasizes the recent developments regarding alginate-based hemostatic systems. Structural modifications and mixing with other materials have widely been used for the improvement of hemostatic characteristics of alginate and for making multifunctional medical devices that not only prevent uncontrolled bleeding but also have antibacterial characteristics, drug delivery abilities, and curing effects. This review is hoped to prepare critical insights into alginate modifications for better hemostatic properties.

Effective antibacterial agents in modern wound dressings: a review

Wound infections are a significant concern in healthcare, leading to long healing times. Traditional approaches for managing wound infections rely heavily on systemic antibiotics, which are associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the development of alternative antibacterial materials for wound care has gained considerable attention. In today's world, new generations of wound dressing are commonly used to heal wounds. These new dressings keep the wound and the area around it moist to improve wound healing. However, this moist environment can also foster an environment that is favorable for the growth of bacteria. Excessive antibiotic use poses a significant threat to human health and causes bacterial resistance, so new-generation wound dressings must be designed and developed to reduce the risk of infection. Wound dressings using antimicrobial compounds minimize wound bacterial colonization, making them the best way to avoid open wound infection. We aim to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the latest advancements in antibacterial materials for wound management.

Alginate/hyaluronic acid-based systems as a new generation of wound dressings: A review

Skin is the largest organ of the human body, which acts as a protective barrier against pathogens. Therefore, a lot of research has been carried out on wound care and healing. Creating an ideal environment for wound healing and optimizing the local and systemic conditions of the patient play critical roles in successful wound care. Many products have been developed for improving the wound environment and providing a protected and moist area for fast healing. However, there is still high demand for new systems with high efficiency. The first generation of wound dressings merely covered the wound, while the subsequent/last generations covered it and aided in healing it in different ways. In modern wound dressings, the kind of used materials and their complexity play a crucial role in the healing process. These new systems support wound healing by lowering inflammation, exudate, slough, and bacteria. This study addresses a review of alginate/hyaluronic acid-based wound dressings developed so far as well as binary and ternary systems and their role in wound healing. Our review corroborates that these systems can open up a new horizon for wounds that do not respond to usual treatments and have a long curing period.

Comprehensive analysis of NiFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposite to degrade a healthcare waste - tetracycline

Tetracycline (TC), a commonly used antibiotic for studying bacterial illnesses in living organisms, poses a significant risk to the aquatic environment. Despite various conventional methods having been attempted to remove TC antibiotics from water solutions, they have not proven effective. Consequently, the focus of the research is on the photocatalytic degradation of TC. According to the research, MWCNTs were successfully incorporated into NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, which reduced the pace at which charge carriers recombined after joining with MWCNTs. Subsequently, the catalyst's efficacy was assessed in a batch reactor by analyzing the weight percentage change of the nanocomposite, the initial concentration of TC antibiotics, the effects of pH and contact time. The identical operational parameters were employed to investigate the degradation of TC using NiFe2O4 and MWCNTs as individual pure materials. The findings indicated that the photocatalytic process using NiFe2O4/MWCNTs achieved a degradation efficiency of 95.8% for TC at a pH value of 9. This result was obtained after a reaction time of 120 minutes, the concentration of TC solution was 10 mg L-1, with a nanocomposite dose of 0.6 g L-1 of TN 04 and 120 W m-2. The pseudo-first-order approach was used to estimate the rate at which TC degrades. After four consecutive uses, it was observed that the photocatalysts maintained their original properties, with only a slight decrease of approximately 2.4% in the removal efficiency. The study demonstrated that the NiFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited considerable efficiency in degrading TC. Due to its simple manufacture and useful recovery, it has the potential to function well as a catalyst for the removal and degradation of pharmaceutical organic contaminants.

In-situ development of boron doped g-C3N4 supported SBA-15 nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

In this study, versatile boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) incorporated mesoporous SBA-15 (BGS) composite materials were prepared by thermal polycondensation method using boric acid & melamine as a B-gCN source material and SBA-15 as mesoporous support. The prepared BGS composites are utilized sustainably using solar light as the energy source for the continuous flow of photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics. This work highlights that the photocatalysts preparation was carried out with an eco-friendly strategy, solvent-free and without additional reagents. To alter the amount of boron quantity (0.124 g, 0.248 g, and 0.49 g) have to prepare three different composites using a similar procedure, the obtained composites viz., BGS-1, BGS-2 and BGS-3, respectively. The physicochemical property of the prepared composites was investigated by X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, Diffraction reflectance spectra, Photoluminescence, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results shows that 0.24 g boron- loaded BGS composites degrade TC up to 93.74%, which is much higher than the rest of the catalyst. The addition of mesoporous SBA-15 incresed the specific surface area of the g-CN, and heteroatom of boron increased the interplanar stracking distance of g-CN, enlarged the optical absorption range, reducing the energy bandgap and enhanced the photocatalytic activity of TC. Additionally, the stability and recycling efficiency of the representative photocatalysts viz., BGS-2 was observed to be good even at the fifth cycle. The photocatalytic process using the BGS composites demonstrated to be capable candidate for the removal of tetracycline biowaste from aquesous media.

Construction of Highly Active Zn3In2S6 (110)/g-C3N4 System by Low Temperature Solvothermal for Efficient Degradation of Tetracycline under Visible Light

Herein, Zn3In2S6 photocatalyst with (110) exposed facet was prepared by low temperature solvothermal method. On this basis, a highly efficient binary Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 was obtained by low temperature solvothermal method and applied to the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The samples of the preparation were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, the degradation performance of photocatalysts on TC was investigated under different experimental conditions. Finally, the mechanism of Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 composite material degrading TC is discussed. The results show that Zn3In2S6 and Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with excellent performance could be successfully prepared at lower temperature. The Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst could significantly improve the photocatalytic activity compared with g-C3N4. After 150 min of illumination, the efficiency of 80%Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 to degrade TC was 1.35 times that of g-C3N4. The improvement of photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 heterojunction, which promoted the transfer of photogenerated electron–holes. The cycle experiment test confirmed that Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 composite material had excellent stability. The free radical capture experiment showed that ·O2− was the primary active material. This study provides a new strategy for the preparation of photocatalysts with excellent performance at low temperature.

Bioremediation and decontamination potentials of metallic nanoparticles loaded nanohybrid matrices - A review

The current nanotechnological advancements provide an astonishing insight to fabricate nanomaterials for nano-bioremediation purposes. Exciting characteristics possessed by hybrid matrices at the nanoscale knock endless opportunities to nano-remediate environmentally-related pollunanomaterials tants of emerging concern. Nanometals are considered among the oldest generation of the world has ever noticed. These tiny nanometals and nanometal oxides showed enormous potential in almost every extent of industrial and biotechnological domains, including their potential multipurpose approach to deal with water impurities. In this manuscript, we discussed their role in the diversity of water treatment technologies used to remove bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, pesticides, and organic impurities, providing an ample perspective on their recent advances in terms of their characteristics, attachment strategies, performance, and their scale-up challenges. Finally, we tried to explore their futuristic contribution to nano-remediate environmentally-related pollutants of emerging concern aiming to collect treated yet safe water that can be reused for multipurpose.

Recent advancements of g-C3N4-based magnetic photocatalysts towards the degradation of organic pollutants: a review

Heterogeneous photocatalysis premised on advanced oxidation processes has witnessed a broad application perspective, including water purification and environmental remediation. In particular, the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), an earth-abundant metal-free conjugated polymer, has acquired extensive application scope and interdisciplinary consideration owing to its outstanding structural and physicochemical properties. However, several issues such as the high recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, smaller specific surface area, and lower electrical conductivity curtail the catalytic efficacy of bulk g-C₃N₄. Another challenging task is separating the catalyst from the reaction medium, limiting their reusability and practical applications. Therefore, several methodologies are adopted strategically to tackle these issues. Attention is being paid, especially to the magnetic nanocomposites (NCs) based catalysts to enhance efficiency and proficient reusability property. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the design and development of magnetic g-C₃N₄-based NCs and their utilization in photocatalytic systems. The usefulness of the semiconductor heterojunctions on the catalytic activity, working mechanism, and degradation of pollutants are discussed in detail. The major challenges and prospects of using magnetic g-C₃N₄-based NCs for photocatalytic applications are highlighted in this report.