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Al-Atawi FH, Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG. Unveiling the potential of TPA-based molecules to tune the optoelectronic properties and enhance the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Model 2024; 30:197. [PMID: 38836952 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The world's energy and environmental requirements are changing due to rapid population growth and industrial growth, and solar cells can be used to meet these demands. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are solar cells in which energy conversion occurs via a process similar to photosynthesis in plants. DSSC development is still in its infancy. DSSCs can operate under cloudy conditions and indirect sunlight and have attracted considerable attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. We designed two metal-free TPA-based dyes (Dye2 and Dye3) based on the reference dye Mg207 (Dye1) by increasing the donor strength of the molecule, as such dyes have shown enhanced efficiency in DSSCs. Moreover, the triphenylamine (TPA) moiety has been demonstrated to be a good donor that prevents charge recombination. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the donor to acceptor moiety was found in the sensitizers, and electrons were promoted to the conduction band (CB) of the TiO2 semiconductor. The negative binding energy of the dye@TiO2 clusters indicated that dye adsorption on the semiconductor surface was stable. The double donor increased the electron injection and electronic coupling constants in Dye2 and Dye3, indicating that these newly designed dyes have superior charge injection capacity. Accordingly, the efficiencies of DSSCs with Dye2 and Dye3 were 9.77% and 9.62%, respectively, and substitution with the TPA unit at the -R1 and -R2 positions in Dye1 resulted in better power conversion compared to the parent compound (9.09%). Increased donor strength improved photovoltaic performance by increasing current density and light-harvesting efficiency. This is a good molecular design approach for preparing targeted donor- π -acceptor (D- π -A) organic dyes with high DSSC efficiency. METHODS To predict the charge transport and optoelectronic characteristics of the TPA dyes, quantum chemical calculations were carried out using Gaussian16. The ground-state (S0) optimized geometries of the sensitizers were computed by utilizing DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G** level. The absorption spectra ( λ max) were computed by employing TD-DFT with various functionals (B3LYP, PBE1PBE, CAM-B3LYP, and BHandHLYP) in the gas and solvent (DCM) phases. Among the studied functionals, BHandHLYP was found to be best at successfully reproducing the experimental data. Thus, the absorption spectra of the newly designed dyes and dye@TiO2 were calculated at the BHandHLYP/6-31G** level. The dye@TiO2 cluster optimizations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G**(LANL2DZ) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faoz H Al-Atawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Surendra Babu N, Kuot Malang MP, Abubakari I. DFT and TD-DFT Studies of D-π-A Organic Dye Molecules with Different Spacers for highly Efficient Reliable Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300307. [PMID: 38700072 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on six D-π-A systems, utilizing diverse π-spacers as bridges. Comprehensive analysis through Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-dependent Functional Theory (TD-DFT) methods at B3LYP using 6-31G (d.p) basis set explores geometrical, electrical, optical, photovoltaic, and absorption properties. EHOMO, ELUMO, and energy gap (Egap), for all of these dyes have been determined and discussed using ground state optimization. TD-DFT calculates optical properties, unveiling enhanced excitation energies and HOMO-LUMO energy levels, indicative of improved electron injection and dye regeneration processes. Examination of energy gap, open-circuit voltage (VOC), free energy change (ΔGinject), light harvesting efficiency (LHE), and absorption spectra reveals D4 dye's lower Egap and robust absorption in the visible spectrum. Molecular tailoring emerges as a promising technique for optimizing D-π-A sensitizer design, offering potential advancements in DSSCs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambury Surendra Babu
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Post box: 238, 41218, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Maluak Paul Kuot Malang
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Post box: 238, 41218, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Ismail Abubakari
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Post box: 238, 41218, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Hassan T, Adnan M, Hussain R, Hussain F, Khan MU. Molecular engineering of Pyran‐fused acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type non‐fullerene acceptors for highly efficient organic solar cells—A density functional theory approach. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2023; 36. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe end‐capped modification proves that it is an excellent attempt to improve the solar cells performances. Therefore, nowadays, many researchers are working to design new molecules for potential use in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we have modified new molecules (SA1–SA5) from the reference (R) for fullerene‐free solar cells. These novel molecules have lower excitation energy levels that make the easier excitation in the excited state. Additionally, SA1 to SA5 molecules exhibit excellent charge mobility due to the modification of an efficient core units. Geometric and physiochemical investigations indicate that the modeled molecules are beneficial for efficient organic solar cells. The estimation of frontier molecular orbitals analysis, reorganizational energy, photovoltaic characteristics, and charge transmission calculations was done using density functional theory calculations with B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) basis set. Among all designed molecules, SA3 has emerged as the preferred choice because of its outstanding photovoltaic characteristics, which include a minimal bandgap of 2.03 eV and reorganization energy of electron and holes of 0.0095 and 0.0077 eV, correspondingly. The designed materials (SA1–SA5) displayed a high λ max values, that is, 693.54 nm (in gas) and 679.63 nm (in chloroform). This theoretical framework suggests that the required photovoltaic properties may be efficiently obtained by remodeling the new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Hassan
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara Okara Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry University of Okara Okara Pakistan
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Kumar V, Chetti P. The impact of aromatic π-spacers and internal acceptors in triphenylamine dyes for DSSCs: A DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108512. [PMID: 37187040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In present work, the influence of internal acceptors and π-spacers on optoelectronic properties for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated. The dyes consist of various internal acceptors (A), a triphenylamine donor and π-spacers combined with cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to inspect the dye geometries, charge transport characteristics and electronic excitations. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and HOMO-LUMO energy gap are assisted in the determination of suitable energy levels for electron transfer, electron injection and regeneration of dye. The required photovoltaic parameters like JSC, ΔGreg, ΔGinj, LHE and other associated parameters are presented. The results demonstrate that altering the π-bridge and adding an internal acceptor to the D-π-A scaffold changes the photovoltaic properties and absorption energies. Therefore, the key objective of the current effort is to launch a theoretical groundwork for suitable operational alterations and scheme in creating successful DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
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Kumar V, Koudjina S, Verma P, Chetti P. Optoelectronic design and charge transport properties of Benzodifuran (BDF) isomers for organic electronic devices: DFT/TD-DFT insights. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122266. [PMID: 36584640 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the charge transport and optoelectronic characteristics of all the isomers of benzodifuran (BDF) for organic electronic devices in order to suggest qualified materials/candidates for organic photovoltaic devices. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for all possible isomers of BDF and results are compared with corresponding experimental known isomers. Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) is used for the calculation of the absorption and HOMO-LUMO energy levels. To characterize the electronic charge transport state in these isomers, the ionization potentials (IP), reorganization energies (hole and electron), and electron affinities (EA) of all the isomers are investigated. Comparatively, all the BDF isomers are having low electron and hole reorganization energies and hence they can be used in the organic electronic material fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Simplice Koudjina
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (LACTHESMO), National University of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), BP 2282 Goho Abomey, Benin
| | - Pankaj Verma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra 136119, India.
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Kumar V, Tripathi A, Koudjina S, Chetti P. Benzodithiophene (BDT) and benzodiselenophene (BDSe) isomers’ charge transport properties for organic optoelectronic devices. J Sulphur Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2023.2173009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, India
| | - Anuj Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, India
| | - Simplice Koudjina
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (LACTHESMO), National University of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Goho Abomey, Benin
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, India
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Britel O, Fitri A, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M. New carbazole-based dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: a DFT insight. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Carbazole based D-πi-π-A dyes for DSSC applications: DFT/TDDFT study of the influence of πi-spacers on the photovoltaic performance. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Biswas C, Gangadhar PS, Giribabu L, Chetti P, Banerjee D, Soma VR, Raavi SSK. Ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer dynamics and nonlinear optical properties of phenothiazine-based push–pull zinc porphyrin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bifari EN, El-Shishtawy RM, Bouzzine SM, Fadili D, Hamidi M. Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational investigation of dimethine and trimethine cyanine-based dyes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Al-Marhabi AR, El-Shishtawy RM, Bouzzine SM, Hamidi M, Al-Ghamdi HA, Al-Footy KO. D-D-π-A-π-A-based quinoxaline dyes incorporating phenothiazine, phenoxazine and carbazole as electron donors: Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, and computational investigation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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First principle investigation of new dithienosilole-based dyes for DSSCs: effects of auxiliary acceptor groups. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Effects of additional π-spacers on the photovoltaic properties of organic dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: a theoretical study. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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