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Scarlet Flax Linum grandiflorum (L.) In Vitro Cultures as a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Lignans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154511. [PMID: 34361665 PMCID: PMC8348589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultures of scarlet flax (Linum grandiflorum L.), an important ornamental flax, have been established as a new possible valuable resource of lignans and neolignans for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications. The callogenic potential at different concentrations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), alone or in combinations, was evaluated using both L. grandiflorum hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. A higher callus induction frequency was observed on NAA than TDZ, especially for hypocotyl explants, with a maximum frequency (i.e., 95.2%) on 1.0 mg/L of NAA. The presence of NAA (1.0 mg/L) in conjunction with TDZ tended to increase the frequency of callogenesis relative to TDZ alone, but never reached the values observed with NAA alone, thereby indicating the lack of synergy between these two plant growth regulators (PGRs). Similarly, in terms of biomass, NAA was more effective than TDZ, with a maximum accumulation of biomass registered for medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of NAA using hypocotyls as initial explants (DW: 13.1 g). However, for biomass, a synergy between the two PGRs was observed, particularly for cotyledon-derived explants and for the lowest concentrations of TDZ. The influence of these two PGRs on callogenesis and biomass is discussed. The HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of lignans (secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and lariciresinol (LARI) and neolignan (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol [DCA]) naturally accumulated in their glycoside forms. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities performed for both hypocotyl- and cotyledon-derived cultures were also found maximal (DPPH: 89.5%, FRAP 866: µM TEAC, ABTS: 456 µM TEAC) in hypocotyl-derived callus cultures as compared with callus obtained from cotyledon explants. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities revealed high inhibition (COX-1: 47.4% and COX-2: 51.1%) for extract of hypocotyl-derived callus cultures at 2.5 mg/L TDZ. The anti-inflammatory action against COX-1 and COX-2 was supported by the IC50 values. This report provides a viable approach for enhanced biomass accumulation and efficient production of (neo)lignans in L. grandiflorum callus cultures.
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Hamade K, Fliniaux O, Fontaine JX, Molinié R, Otogo Nnang E, Bassard S, Guénin S, Gutierrez L, Lainé E, Hano C, Pilard S, Hijazi A, El Kak A, Mesnard F. NMR and LC-MS-Based Metabolomics to Study Osmotic Stress in Lignan-Deficient Flax. Molecules 2021; 26:767. [PMID: 33540754 PMCID: PMC7867241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans, phenolic plant secondary metabolites, are derived from the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Although, being investigated for their health benefits in terms of antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, the role of these molecules in plants remains incompletely elucidated; a potential role in stress response mechanisms has been, however, proposed. In this study, a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of the roots, stems, and leaves of wild-type and PLR1-RNAi transgenic flax, devoid of (+) secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((+) SDG)-the main flaxseed lignan, was performed using 1H-NMR and LC-MS, in order to obtain further insight into the involvement of lignan in the response of plant to osmotic stress. Results showed that wild-type and lignan-deficient flax plants have different metabolic responses after being exposed to osmotic stress conditions, but they both showed the capacity to induce an adaptive response to osmotic stress. These findings suggest the indirect involvement of lignans in osmotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar Hamade
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Ophélie Fliniaux
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Elvis Otogo Nnang
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- CRRBM, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Eric Lainé
- USC INRAE 1328, Laboratoire LBLGC, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France; (E.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- USC INRAE 1328, Laboratoire LBLGC, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France; (E.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Assem El Kak
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Substances Naturelles et Produits de Santé (BSNPS), Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - François Mesnard
- UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (K.H.); (O.F.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.); (E.O.N.); (S.B.)
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Nazir S, Jan H, Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Zia M, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204859. [PMID: 33096885 PMCID: PMC7588007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds with several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to produce high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol to produce Thai basil leaf-derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yields the maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2% of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown in optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Nazir
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hasnain Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel.: +33-237-309-753 (C.H.); +33-77-698-41-48 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel.: +33-237-309-753 (C.H.); +33-77-698-41-48 (B.H.A.)
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Chhillar H, Chopra P, Ashfaq MA. Lignans from linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and its allied species: Retrospect, introspect and prospect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2719-2741. [PMID: 32619358 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1784840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are complex diphenolic compounds representing phytoestrogens and occur widely across the plant kingdom. Formed by the coupling of two coniferyl alcohol residues, lignans constitute major plant "specialized metabolites" with exceptional biological attributes that aid in plant defence and provide health benefits in humans by reducing the risk of ailments such as cancer, diabetes etc. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the richest sources of lignans followed by cereals and legumes. Among the various types of lignans, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is considered as the essential and nutrient rich lignan in linseed. Lignans exhibit established antimitotic, antiviral and anti-tumor properties that contribute to their medicinal value. The present review seeks to provide a holistic view of research in the past and present times revolving around lignans from linseed and its allied species. This review attempts to elucidate sources, structures and functional properties of lignans, along with detailed biosynthetic mechanisms operating in plants. It summarizes various methods for the determination of lignan content in plants. Biotechnological interventions (in planta and in vitro) aimed at enriching lignan content and adoption of integrative approaches that might further enhance lignan content and medicinal and nutraceutical value of Linum spp. have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Drouet S, Tungmunnithum D, Lainé É, Hano C. Gene Expression Analysis and Metabolite Profiling of Silymarin Biosynthesis during Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4730. [PMID: 32630801 PMCID: PMC7370286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature fruits (i.e., achenes) of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Asteraceae) accumulate high amounts of silymarin (SILM), a complex mixture of bioactive flavonolignans deriving from taxifolin. Their biological activities in relation with human health promotion and disease prevention are well described. However, the conditions of their biosynthesis in planta are still obscure. To fill this gap, fruit development stages were first precisely defined to study the accumulation kinetics of SILM constituents during fruit ripening. The accumulation profiles of the SILM components during fruit maturation were determined using the LC-MS analysis of these defined developmental phases. The kinetics of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and peroxidase (POX) activities suggest in situ biosynthesis of SILM from l-Phenylalanine during fruit maturation rather than a transport of precursors to the achene. In particular, in contrast to laccase activity, POX activity was associated with the accumulation of silymarin, thus indicating a possible preferential involvement of peroxidase(s) in the oxidative coupling step leading to flavonolignans. Reference genes have been identified, selected and validated to allow accurate gene expression profiling of candidate biosynthetic genes (PAL, CAD, CHS, F3H, F3'H and POX) related to SILM accumulation. Gene expression profiles were correlated with SILM accumulation kinetic and preferential location in pericarp during S. marianum fruit maturation, reaching maximum biosynthesis when desiccation occurs, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of an in situ biosynthesis. This observation led us to consider the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA), a key phytohormone in the control of fruit ripening process. ABA accumulation timing and location during milk thistle fruit ripening appeared in line with a potential regulation of the SLIM accumulation. A possible transcriptional regulation of SILM biosynthesis by ABA was supported by the presence of ABA-responsive cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of the SILM biosynthetic genes studied. These results pave the way for a better understanding of the biosynthetic regulation of SILM during the maturation of S. marianum fruit and offer important insights to better control the production of these medicinally important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.); (É.L.)
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
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Zaeem A, Drouet S, Anjum S, Khurshid R, Younas M, Blondeau JP, Tungmunnithum D, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth and Oxidative Stress Response in Flax Seedlings vs. In Vitro Cultures: A Comparative Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E918. [PMID: 32560534 PMCID: PMC7355665 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Linum usitatissimum biosynthesizes lignans and neolignans that are diet and medicinally valuable metabolites. In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have emerged as potential elicitors for the enhanced biosynthesis of commercial secondary metabolites. Herein, we investigated the influence of biogenic ZnONPs on both seedlings and stem-derived callus of L. usitatissimum. Seedlings of L. usitatissimum grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with ZnONPs (1-1000 mg/L) presented the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities at 500 mg/L, while the maximum plantlet length was achieved with 10 mg/L. Likewise, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the enhanced production of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, lariciresinol diglucoside, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside in the plantlets grown on the 500 mg/L ZnONPs. On the other hand, the stem explants were cultured on MS media comprising 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1 mg/L) and ZnONPs (1-50 mg/L). The highest antioxidant and other activities with an enhanced rooting effect were noted in 25 mg/L ZnONP-treated callus. Similarly, the maximum metabolites were also accumulated in 25 mg/L ZnONP-treated callus. In both systems, the dose-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recorded, resulting in oxidative damage with a more pronounced toxic effect on in vitro cultures. Altogether, the results from this study constitute a first comprehensive view of the impact of ZnONPs on the oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in seedlings vs. in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Zaeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (R.K.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Rawalpindi Campus 46300, Pakistan
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Razia Khurshid
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (R.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (R.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jean Philippe Blondeau
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux, Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI) CNRS UPR3079, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans, France;
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- Biomolecules et Biotechnologies Vegetales, EA2106, Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.Z.); (R.K.); (M.Y.)
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Anjum S, Komal A, Drouet S, Kausar H, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Feasible Production of Lignans and Neolignans in Root-derived In Vitro Cultures of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E409. [PMID: 32218181 PMCID: PMC7238537 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flax lignans and neolignans impart health benefits, particularly in treating different types of cancers, due to their strong phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties. The present study enhances the comprehension on the biosynthesis of antioxidant lignans and neolignans in root-derived in vitro cultures of flax (both callus and adventitious root). The results presented here clearly showed that the adventitious root culture efficiently produced a higher amount of lignans (at day 40) and neolignans (at day 30) than callus culture of flax. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the accumulations of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, 5.5 mg g-1 DW (dry weight)) and dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG, 21.6 mg/g DW) were 2-fold higher, while guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside (GGCG, 4.9 mg/g DW) and lariciresinol glucoside (LDG, 11.9 mg/g DW) contents were 1.5-fold higher in adventitious root culture than in callus culture. Furthermore, the highest level of total phenolic production (119.01 mg/L), with an antioxidant free radical scavenging activity of 91.01%, was found in adventitious root culture at day 40, while the maximum level of total flavonoid production (45.51 mg/L) was observed in callus culture at day 30 of growth dynamics. These results suggest that adventitious root culture can be a good candidate for scaling up to industrial level to commercially produce these pharmacologically and nutritionally valuable metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore-54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Amna Komal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore-54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Humera Kausar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore-54000, Pakistan; (A.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
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Bose S, Munsch T, Lanoue A, Garros L, Tungmunnithum D, Messaili S, Destandau E, Billet K, St-Pierre B, Clastre M, Abbasi BH, Hano C, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N. UPLC-HRMS Analysis Revealed the Differential Accumulation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Lignans and Neolignans in In Vitro Cultures of Linum usitatissimum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:508658. [PMID: 33072140 PMCID: PMC7539065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.508658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, methods relating to plant tissue culture have become prevalent within the cosmetic industry. Forecasts predict the cosmetic industry to grow to an annual turnover of around a few hundred billion US dollars. Here we focused on Linum usitatissimum L., a plant that is well-known for its potent cosmetic properties. Following the a) establishment of cell cultures from three distinct initial explant origins (root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon) and b) selection of optimal hormonal concentrations, two in vitro systems (callus vs cell suspensions) were subjected to different light conditions. Phytochemical analysis by UPLC-HRMS not only confirmed high (neo)lignan accumulation capacity of this species with high concentrations of seven newly described (neo)lignans. Evaluation over 30 days revealed strong variations between the two different in vitro systems cultivated under light or dark, in terms of their growth kinetics and phytochemical composition. Additionally, antioxidant (i.e. four different in vitro assays based on hydrogen-atom transfer or electron transfer mechanism) and anti-aging (i.e. four in vitro inhibition potential of the skin remodeling enzymes: elastase, hyaluronidase, collagenase and tyrosinase) properties were evaluated for the two different in vitro systems cultivated under light or dark. A prominent hydrogen-atom transfer antioxidant mechanism was illustrated by the DPPH and ABTS assays. Potent tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities were also observed, which was strongly influenced by the in vitro system and light conditions. Statistical treatments of the data showed relationship of some (neo)lignans with these biological activities. These results confirmed the accumulation of flax (neo)lignans in different in vitro systems that were subjected to distinct light conditions. Furthermore, we showed the importance of optimizing these parameters for specific applications within the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankhamala Bose
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurine Garros
- UMR7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Souhila Messaili
- UMR7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - Emilie Destandau
- UMR7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - Kévin Billet
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h, ; Bilal Haider Abbasi,
| | - Christophe Hano
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h, ; Bilal Haider Abbasi,
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Markulin L, Corbin C, Renouard S, Drouet S, Durpoix C, Mathieu C, Lopez T, Auguin D, Hano C, Lainé É. Characterization of LuWRKY36, a flax transcription factor promoting secoisolariciresinol biosynthesis in response to Fusarium oxysporum elicitors in Linum usitatissimum L. hairy roots. PLANTA 2019; 250:347-366. [PMID: 31037486 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of a WRKY transcription factor in the regulation of lignan biosynthesis in flax using a hairy root system is described. Secoisolariciresinol is the main flax lignan synthesized by action of LuPLR1 (pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase 1). LuPLR1 gene promoter deletion experiments have revealed a promoter region containing W boxes potentially responsible for the response to Fusarium oxysporum. W boxes are bound by WRKY transcription factors that play a role in the response to stress. A candidate WRKY transcription factor, LuWRKY36, was isolated from both abscisic acid and Fusarium elicitor-treated flax cell cDNA libraries. This transcription factors contains two WRKY DNA-binding domains and is a homolog of AtWRKY33. Different approaches confirmed LuWRKY36 binding to a W box located in the LuPLR1 promoter occurring through a unique direct interaction mediated by its N-terminal WRKY domain. Our results propose that the positive regulator action of LuWRKY36 on the LuPLR1 gene regulation and lignan biosynthesis in response to biotic stress is positively mediated by abscisic acid and inhibited by ethylene. Additionally, we demonstrate a differential Fusarium elicitor response in susceptible and resistant flax cultivars, seen as a faster and stronger LuPLR1 gene expression response accompanied with higher secoisolariciresinol accumulation in HR of the resistant cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Markulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Sullivan Renouard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Charlène Durpoix
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Charlotte Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Tatiana Lopez
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, EA 1207, INRA USC 1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France.
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10
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Markulin L, Corbin C, Renouard S, Drouet S, Gutierrez L, Mateljak I, Auguin D, Hano C, Fuss E, Lainé E. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases, key to the lignan synthesis in plants. PLANTA 2019; 249:1695-1714. [PMID: 30895445 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview on activity, stereospecificity, expression and regulation of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases in plants. These enzymes are shared by the pathways to all 8-8' lignans derived from pinoresinol. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases (PLR) are enzymes involved in the lignan biosynthesis after the initial dimerization of two monolignols. They catalyze two successive reduction steps leading to the production of lariciresinol or secoisolariciresinol from pinoresinol. Two secoisolariciresinol enantiomers can be synthetized with different fates. Depending on the plant species, these enantiomers are either final products (e.g., in the flaxseed where it is stored after glycosylation) or are the starting point for the synthesis of a wide range of lignans, among which the aryltetralin type lignans are used to semisynthesize anticancer drugs such as Etoposide®. Thus, the regulation of the gene expression of PLRs as well as the possible specificities of these reductases for one reduction step or one enantiomer are key factors to fine-tune the lignan synthesis. Results published in the last decade have shed light on the presence of more than one PLR in each plant and revealed various modes of action. Nevertheless, there are not many results published on the PLRs and most of them were obtained in a limited range of species. Indeed, a number of them deal with wild and cultivated flax belonging to the genus Linum. Despite the occurrence of lignans in bryophytes, pteridophytes and monocots, data on PLRs in these taxa are still missing and indeed the whole diversity of PLRs is still unknown. This review summarizes the data, published mainly in the last decade, on the PLR gene expression, enzymatic activity and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samantha Drouet
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Ivan Mateljak
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Fuss
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Hoppe-Seyler-St. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Lainé
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
- LBLGC, INRA USC 1328 Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny, 28000, Chartres, France.
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11
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Markulin L, Drouet S, Corbin C, Decourtil C, Garros L, Renouard S, Lopez T, Mongelard G, Gutierrez L, Auguin D, Lainé E, Hano C. The control exerted by ABA on lignan biosynthesis in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is modulated by a Ca 2+ signal transduction involving the calmodulin-like LuCML15b. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:74-87. [PMID: 30928768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The LuPLR1 gene encodes a pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase responsible for the biosynthesis of (+)-secoisolariciresinol, a cancer chemopreventive lignan, highly accumulated in the seedcoat of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in the regulation of LuPLR1 gene expression and lignan accumulation in both seeds and cell suspensions, which require two cis-acting elements (ABRE and MYB2) for this regulation. Ca2+ is a universal secondary messenger involved in a wide range of physiological processes including ABA signaling. Therefore, Ca2+ may be involved as a mediator of LuPLR1 gene expression and lignan biosynthesis regulation exerted by ABA. To test the potential implication of Ca2+ signaling, a pharmacological approach was conducted using both flax cell suspensions and maturing seed systems coupled with a ß-glucuronidase reporter gene experiment, RT-qPCR analysis, lignan quantification as well as Ca2+ fluorescence imaging. Exogenous ABA application results in an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ cytosolic concentration, originating mainly from the extracellular medium. Promoter-reporter deletion experiments suggest that the ABRE and MYB2 cis-acting elements of the LuPLR1 gene promoter functioned as Ca2+-sensitive sequences involved in the ABA-mediated regulation. The use of specific inhibitors pointed the crucial roles of the Ca2+ sensors calmodulin-like proteins and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases in this regulation. This regulation appeared conserved in the two different studied systems, i.e. cell suspensions and maturing seeds. A calmodulin-like, LuCML15b, identified from gene network analysis is proposed as a key player involved in this signal transduction since RNAi experiments provided direct evidences of this role. Taken together, these results provide new information on the regulation of plant defense and human health-promoting compounds, which could be used to optimize their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Markulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Cédric Decourtil
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Laurine Garros
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Sullivan Renouard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Tatiana Lopez
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Gaëlle Mongelard
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Eric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA, USC1328, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F-28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, F-45100 Orléans, France.
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12
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Ahmad W, Zahir A, Nadeem M, Garros L, Drouet S, Renouard S, Doussot J, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Enhanced production of lignans and neolignans in chitosan-treated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cell cultures. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Nadeem M, Ahmad W, Zahir A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Salicylic acid-enhanced biosynthesis of pharmacologically important lignans and neo lignans in cell suspension culture of Linum ussitatsimum L. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:168-174. [PMID: 32624999 PMCID: PMC6999296 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Linum usitatsimum L. (flax) is a perennial herb with magnitude of medicinal and commercial applications. In the present study, we investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on biosynthesis of lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and lariciresinol diglucoside (LDG)) and neolignans (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG) and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside (GGCG)) in cell cultures of flax. Moderate concentration of SA (50 μM) enhanced biomass accumulation (10.98 g/L dry weight (DW)), total phenolic content (37.81 mg/g DW), and antioxidant potential (87.23%) to two-fold than their respective controls after 72 h of exposure. However, higher levels of total flavonoid content (5.32 mg/g DW) were noted after 48 h of exposure to 50 μM of SA. HPLC analyses revealed that 50 μM SA, significantly enhanced biosynthesis of SDG (7.95 mg/g DW), LDG (7.52 mg/g DW), DCG (54.90 mg/g DW), and GGCG (16.78 mg/g DW), which was almost 2.7, 1.8, 3.88, and 3.98 fold higher than their respective controls after 72 h of exposure time, respectively. These results indicated that moderate concentrations of SA had significant effects on biosynthesis and productivity of lignans and neolignans in cell culture of L. usitatissimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Adnan Zahir
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC)Plant Lignans TeamUPRES EA 1207Université d'OrléansChartresFrance
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC)Plant Lignans TeamUPRES EA 1207Université d'OrléansChartresFrance
- EA2106 Biomolecules et Biotechnologies VegetalesUniversite Francois‐Rabelais de ToursToursFrance
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14
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Corbin C, Drouet S, Markulin L, Auguin D, Lainé É, Davin LB, Cort JR, Lewis NG, Hano C. A genome-wide analysis of the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) dirigent protein family: from gene identification and evolution to differential regulation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:73-101. [PMID: 29713868 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Identification of DIR encoding genes in flax genome. Analysis of phylogeny, gene/protein structures and evolution. Identification of new conserved motifs linked to biochemical functions. Investigation of spatio-temporal gene expression and response to stress. Dirigent proteins (DIRs) were discovered during 8-8' lignan biosynthesis studies, through identification of stereoselective coupling to afford either (+)- or (-)-pinoresinols from E-coniferyl alcohol. DIRs are also involved or potentially involved in terpenoid, allyl/propenyl phenol lignan, pterocarpan and lignin biosynthesis. DIRs have very large multigene families in different vascular plants including flax, with most still of unknown function. DIR studies typically focus on a small subset of genes and identification of biochemical/physiological functions. Herein, a genome-wide analysis and characterization of the predicted flax DIR 44-membered multigene family was performed, this species being a rich natural grain source of 8-8' linked secoisolariciresinol-derived lignan oligomers. All predicted DIR sequences, including their promoters, were analyzed together with their public gene expression datasets. Expression patterns of selected DIRs were examined using qPCR, as well as through clustering analysis of DIR gene expression. These analyses further implicated roles for specific DIRs in (-)-pinoresinol formation in seed-coats, as well as (+)-pinoresinol in vegetative organs and/or specific responses to stress. Phylogeny and gene expression analysis segregated flax DIRs into six distinct clusters with new cluster-specific motifs identified. We propose that these findings can serve as a foundation to further systematically determine functions of DIRs, i.e. other than those already known in lignan biosynthesis in flax and other species. Given the differential expression profiles and inducibility of the flax DIR family, we provisionally propose that some DIR genes of unknown function could be involved in different aspects of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Lucija Markulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Laurence B Davin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - John R Cort
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Norman G Lewis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France.
- Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France.
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15
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Corbin C, Drouet S, Mateljak I, Markulin L, Decourtil C, Renouard S, Lopez T, Doussot J, Lamblin F, Auguin D, Lainé E, Fuss E, Hano C. Functional characterization of the pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase-2 gene reveals its roles in yatein biosynthesis and flax defense response. PLANTA 2017; 246:405-420. [PMID: 28451749 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the biosynthesis regulation and in planta function of the lignan yatein in flax leaves. Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases (PLR) catalyze the conversion of pinoresinol into secoisolariciresinol (SECO) in lignan biosynthesis. Several lignans are accumulated in high concentrations, such as SECO accumulated as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) in seeds and yatein in aerial parts, in the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) from which two PLR enzymes of opposite enantioselectivity have been isolated. While LuPLR1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of (+)-SECO leading to (+)-SDG in seeds, the role(s) of the second PLR (LuPLR2) is not completely elucidated. This study provides new insights into the in planta regulation and function of the lignan yatein in flax leaves: its biosynthesis relies on a different PLR with opposite stereospecificity but also on a distinct expression regulation. RNAi technology provided evidence for the in vivo involvement of the LuPLR2 gene in the biosynthesis of (-)-yatein accumulated in flax leaves. LuPLR2 expression in different tissues and in response to stress was studied by RT-qPCR and promoter-reporter transgenesis showing that the spatio-temporal expression of the LuPLR2 gene in leaves perfectly matches the (-)-yatein accumulation and that LuPLR2 expression and yatein production are increased by methyl jasmonate and wounding. A promoter deletion approach yielded putative regulatory elements. This expression pattern in relation to a possible role for this lignan in flax defense is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Ivan Mateljak
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Lucija Markulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Cédric Decourtil
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Sullivan Renouard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Tatiana Lopez
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Joël Doussot
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
- Ecole SITI, Département CASER, Le CNAM, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Eric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Elisabeth Fuss
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Hoppe-Seyler-St. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France.
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16
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Anjum S, Abbasi BH, Doussot J, Favre-Réguillon A, Hano C. Effects of photoperiod regimes and ultraviolet-C radiations on biosynthesis of industrially important lignans and neolignans in cell cultures of Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 167:216-227. [PMID: 28088102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and neolignans are principal bioactive components of Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax), having multiple pharmacological activities. In present study, we are reporting an authoritative abiotic elicitation strategy of photoperiod regimes along with UV-C radiations. Cell cultures were grown in different photoperiod regimes (24h-dark, 24h-light and 16L/8D h photoperiod) either alone or in combination with various doses (1.8-10.8kJ/m2) of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiations. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), lariciresinol diglucoside (LDG), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG), and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside (GGCG) were quantified by using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results showed that the cultures exposed to UV-C radiations, accumulated higher levels of lignans, neolignans and other biochemical markers than cultures grown under different photoperiod regimes. 3.6kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations resulted in 1.86-fold (7.1mg/g DW) increase in accumulation of SDG, 2.25-fold (21.6mg/g DW) in LDG, and 1.33-fold (9.2mg/g DW) in GGCG in cell cultures grown under UV+photoperiod than their respective controls. Furthermore, cell cultures grown under UV+dark showed 1.36-fold (60.0mg/g DW) increase in accumulation of DCG in response to 1.8kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations. Smilar trends were observed in productivity of SDG, LDG and GGCG. Additionally, 3.6kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations also resulted in 2.82-fold (195.65mg/l) increase in total phenolic production, 2.94-fold (98.9mg/l) in total flavonoid production and 1.04-fold (95%) in antioxidant activity of cell cultures grown under UV+photoperiod. These findings open new dimensions for feasible production of biologically active lignans and neolignans by Flax cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Joël Doussot
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; Le CNAM, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CASER-SITI-CG, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Alain Favre-Réguillon
- Le CNAM, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CASER-SITI-CG, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France; Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (UMR 5285), CPE Lyon, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, France
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17
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Renouard S, Tribalatc MA, Lamblin F, Mongelard G, Fliniaux O, Corbin C, Marosevic D, Pilard S, Demailly H, Gutierrez L, Hano C, Mesnard F, Lainé E. RNAi-mediated pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase gene silencing in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed coat: consequences on lignans and neolignans accumulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1372-7. [PMID: 25046758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RNAi technology was applied to down regulate LuPLR1 gene expression in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds. This gene encodes a pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase responsible for the synthesis of (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the major lignan accumulated in the seed coat. If flax lignans biological properties and health benefits are well documented their roles in planta remain unclear. This loss of function strategy was developed to better understand the implication of the PLR1 enzyme in the lignan biosynthetic pathway and to provide new insights on the functions of these compounds. RNAi plants generated exhibited LuPLR1 gene silencing as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR experiments and the failed to accumulate SDG. The accumulation of pinoresinol the substrate of the PLR1 enzyme under its diglucosylated form (PDG) was increased in transgenic seeds but did not compensate the overall loss of SDG. The monolignol flux was also deviated through the synthesis of 8-5' linked neolignans dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG) and dihydro-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DDCG) which were observed for the first time in flax seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Renouard
- Laboratoire LBLGC EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres Univ Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France.
| | - Marie-Aude Tribalatc
- Laboratoire BIOPI EA 3900, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Frederic Lamblin
- Laboratoire LBLGC EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres Univ Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Gaëlle Mongelard
- CRRBM, Univ Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Ophélie Fliniaux
- Laboratoire BIOPI EA 3900, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire LBLGC EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres Univ Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Djurdjica Marosevic
- Laboratoire LBLGC EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres Univ Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme analytique, UFR Sciences, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- CRRBM, Univ Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, Univ Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire LBLGC EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres Univ Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Laboratoire BIOPI EA 3900, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Eric Lainé
- Laboratoire LBLGC EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres Univ Orleans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France
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18
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Corbin C, Decourtil C, Marosevic D, Bailly M, Lopez T, Renouard S, Doussot J, Dutilleul C, Auguin D, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Lainé E, Lamblin F, Hano C. Role of protein farnesylation events in the ABA-mediated regulation of the Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase 1 (LuPLR1) gene expression and lignan biosynthesis in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 72:96-111. [PMID: 23816064 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A Linum usitatissimum LuERA1 gene encoding a putative ortholog of the ERA1 (Enhanced Response to ABA 1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (encoding the beta subunit of a farnesyltransferase) was analyzed in silico and for its expression in flax. The gene and the protein sequences are highly similar to other sequences already characterized in plants and all the features of a farnesyltransferase were detected. Molecular modeling of LuERA1 protein confirmed its farnesyltransferase nature. LuERA1 is expressed in the vegetative organs and also in the outer seedcoat of the flaxseed, where it could modulate the previously observed regulation operated by ABA on lignan synthesis. This effect could be mediated by the regulation of the transcription of a key gene for lignan synthesis in flax, the LuPLR1 gene, encoding a pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase. The positive effect of manumycin A, a specific inhibitor of farnesyltransferase, on lignan biosynthesis in flax cell suspension systems supports the hypothesis of the involvement of such an enzyme in the negative regulation of ABA action. In Arabidopsis, ERA1 is able to negatively regulate the ABA effects and the mutant era1 has an enhanced sensitivity to ABA. When expressed in an Arabidopsis cell suspension (heterologous system) LuERA1 is able to reverse the effect of the era1 mutation. RNAi experiments in flax targeting the farnesyltransferase β-subunit encoded by the LuERA1 gene led to an increase LuPLR1 expression level associated with an increased content of lignan in transgenic calli. Altogether these results strongly suggest a role of the product of this LuERA1 gene in the ABA-mediated upregulation of lignan biosynthesis in flax cells through the activation of LuPLR1 promoter. This ABA signaling pathway involving ERA1 probably acts through the ABRE box found in the promoter sequence of LuPLR1, a key gene for lignan synthesis in flax, as demonstrated by LuPLR1 gene promoter-reporter experiments in flax cells using wild type and mutated promoter sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres (ASUC), Université d'Orléans, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, F28000 Chartres, France
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