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Wu B, Gao L, Sun Y, Wu M, Wang D, Wei J, Wang G, Wu W, Xiao J, Wang X, He P. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Hevea brasiliensis Latex under Ethylene and Calcium Stimulation. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:834-847. [PMID: 31203792 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190614105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions usually act as a second messenger in the signal transmission process and a major element required by plants. In Hevea, calcium ion could alleviate the negative effects of long-term ethylene application to a certain extent. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to determine the pattern of protein changes in latex after treatments with calcium and/or ethylene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of some proteins and genes. STRING software was used to determine the protein-protein interaction network of the identified proteins. RESULTS Comparative proteomics identified 145 differentially expressed proteins, which represented 103 unique proteins. The abundance change patterns of some proteins involved in signal transduction, rubber particle aggregation, and natural rubber biosynthesis were altered upon calcium stimulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 29 proteins showed that gene expression did not always maintain the same trend as protein expression. The increased enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase suggested that calcium can enhance the antistress ability of plants by increasing the activity of their antioxidant enzyme systems. CONCLUSION These results supplement the rubber latex proteome, and provide evidence for investigating the molecular mechanisms by which calcium alleviates the negative effects of ethylene stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsun Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Le Gao
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Min Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Jiashao Wei
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Wenguan Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Junhan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Peng He
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
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Shi M, Li Y, Deng S, Wang D, Chen Y, Yang S, Wu J, Tian WM. The formation and accumulation of protein-networks by physical interactions in the rapid occlusion of laticifer cells in rubber tree undergoing successive mechanical wounding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30616545 PMCID: PMC6322289 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the wound response of plants has been extensively studied, little is known of the rapid occlusion of wounded cell itself. The laticifer in rubber tree is a specific type of tissue for natural rubber biosynthesis and storage. In natural rubber production, tapping is used to harvest the latex which flows out from the severed laticifer in the bark. Therefore, study of the rapid wound-occlusion of severed laticifer cells is important for understanding the rubber tree being protected from the continuously mechanical wounding. RESULTS Using cytological and biochemical techniques, we revealed a biochemical mechanism for the rapid occlusion of severed laticifer cells. A protein-network appeared rapidly after tapping and accumulated gradually along with the latex loss at the severed site of laticifer cells. Triple immunofluorescence histochemical localization showed that the primary components of the protein-network were chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and hevein together with pro-hevein (ProH) and its carboxyl-terminal part. Molecular sieve chromatography showed that the physical interactions among these proteins occurred under the condition of neutral pH. The interaction of β-1,3-glucanase respectively with hevein, chitinase and ProH was testified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The interaction between actin and β-1,3-glucanase out of the protein inclusions of lutoids was revealed by pull-down. This interaction was pharmacologically verified by cytochalasin B-caused significant prolongation of the duration of latex flow in the field. CONCLUSIONS The formation of protein-network by interactions of the proteins with anti-pathogen activity released from lutoids and accumulation of protein-network by binding to the cytoskeleton are crucial for the rapid occlusion of laticifer cells in rubber tree. The protein-network at the wounded site of laticifer cells provides not only a physical barrier but also a biochemical barrier to protect the wounded laticifer cells from pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Shi
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunnan Deng
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Dehong Vocational College, Mangshi, Dehong State, 678400, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilin Wu
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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Deng X, Guo D, Yang S, Shi M, Chao J, Li H, Peng S, Tian W. Jasmonate signalling in the regulation of rubber biosynthesis in laticifer cells of rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3559-3571. [PMID: 29726901 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rubber trees are the world's major source of natural rubber. Rubber-containing latex is obtained from the laticifer cells of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) via regular tapping. Rubber biosynthesis is a typical isoprenoid metabolic process in the laticifer cells; however, little is known about the positive feedback regulation caused by the loss of latex that occurs through tapping. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of jasmonate signalling in this feedback regulation. The endogenous levels of jasmonate, the expression levels of rubber biosynthesis-related genes, and the efficiency of in vitro rubber biosynthesis were found to be significantly higher in laticifer cells of regularly tapped trees than those of virgin (i.e. untapped) trees. Application of methyl jasmonate had similar effects to latex harvesting in up-regulating the rubber biosynthesis-related genes and enhancing rubber biosynthesis. The specific jasmonate signalling module in laticifer cells was identified as COI1-JAZ3-MYC2. Its activation was associated with enhanced rubber biosynthesis via up-regulation of the expression of a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene and a small rubber particle protein gene. The increase in the corresponding proteins, especially that of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, probably contributes to the increased efficiency of rubber biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal a jasmonate signalling pathway in the regulation of rubber biosynthesis in laticifer cells. The identification of the specific jasmonate signalling module in the laticifer cells of the rubber tree may provide a basis for genetic improvement of rubber yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Deng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Minjing Shi
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Shiqing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weimin Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
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Bhalla TC, Asif M, Smita K. Purification and characterization of cyanogenic β-glucosidase from wild apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.). Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Signalling Networks in Coronatine-Induced Secondary Laticifer Differentiation from Vascular Cambia in Rubber Trees. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36384. [PMID: 27808245 PMCID: PMC5093416 DOI: 10.1038/srep36384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary laticifer in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a specific tissue within the secondary phloem. This tissue differentiates from the vascular cambia, and its function is natural rubber biosynthesis and storage. Given that jasmonates play a pivotal role in secondary laticifer differentiation, we established an experimental system with jasmonate (JA) mimic coronatine (COR) for studying the secondary laticifer differentiation: in this system, differentiation occurs within five days of the treatment of epicormic shoots with COR. In the present study, the experimental system was used to perform transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analysis. A total of 67,873 unigenes were assembled, and 50,548 unigenes were mapped at least in one public database. Of these being annotated unigenes, 15,780 unigenes were differentially expressed early after COR treatment, and 19,824 unigenes were differentially expressed late after COR treatment. At the early stage, 8,646 unigenes were up-regulated, while 7,134 unigenes were down-regulated. At the late stage, the numbers of up- and down-regulated unigenes were 7,711 and 12,113, respectively. The annotation data and gene expression analysis of the differentially expressed unigenes suggest that JA-mediated signalling, Ca2+ signal transduction and the CLAVATA-MAPK-WOX signalling pathway may be involved in regulating secondary laticifer differentiation in rubber trees.
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Zhang SX, Wu SH, Chen YY, Tian WM. Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Coronatine-Induced Laticifer Differentiation in the Rubber Tree by Subtractive Hybridization Suppression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132070. [PMID: 26147807 PMCID: PMC4493031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary laticifer in the secondary phloem is differentiated from the vascular cambia of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). The number of secondary laticifers is closely related to the rubber yield potential of Hevea. Pharmacological data show that jasmonic acid and its precursor linolenic acid are effective in inducing secondary laticifer differentiation in epicormic shoots of the rubber tree. In the present study, an experimental system of coronatine-induced laticifer differentiation was developed to perform SSH identification of genes with differential expression. A total of 528 positive clones were obtained by blue-white screening, of which 248 clones came from the forward SSH library while 280 clones came from the reverse SSH library. Approximately 215 of the 248 clones and 171 of the 280 clones contained cDNA inserts by colony PCR screening. A total of 286 of the 386 ESTs were detected to be differentially expressed by reverse northern blot and sequenced. Approximately 147 unigenes with an average length of 497 bp from the forward and 109 unigenes with an average length of 514 bp from the reverse SSH libraries were assembled and annotated. The unigenes were associated with the stress/defense response, plant hormone signal transduction and structure development. It is suggested that Ca2+ signal transduction and redox seem to be involved in differentiation, while PGA and EIF are associated with the division of cambium initials for COR-induced secondary laticifer differentiation in the rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China
| | - Yue-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China
- * E-mail:
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Chao J, Chen Y, Wu S, Tian WM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of latex from rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 reveals new cues for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:104. [PMID: 25928745 PMCID: PMC4410575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is the primarily commercial source of natural rubber in the world. Latex regeneration and duration of latex flow after tapping are the two factors that determine rubber yield of rubber tree, and exhibit a huge variation between rubber tree clones CATAS8-79 and PR107. RESULTS To dissect the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow, we sequenced and comparatively analyzed latex of rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 at transriptome level. More than 26 million clean reads were generated in each pool and 51,829 all-unigenes were totally assembled. A total of 6,726 unigenes with differential expression patterns were detected between CATAS8-79 and PR107. Functional analysis showed that genes related to mass of categories were differentially enriched between the two clones. Expression pattern of genes which were involved in latex regeneration and duration of latex flow upon successive tapping was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Several genes related to rubber biosynthesis, cellulose and lignin biosynthesis and rubber particle aggregation were differentially expressed between CATAS8-79 and PR107. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report about probing latex regeneration and duration of latex flow by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among all the suggested factors, it is more important that the level of endogenous jasmonates, carbohydrate metabolism, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and Hevea rubber transferase (HRT) in mevalonate (MVA) parthway for latex regeneration while the level of endogenous ethylene (ETH), lignin content of laticifer cell wall, antioxidants and glucanases for the duration of latex flow. These data will provide new cues for understanding the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
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Wei F, Luo S, Zheng Q, Qiu J, Yang W, Wu M, Xiao X. Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis reveal long-term flowing mechanisms in Hevea brasiliensis latex. Gene 2014; 556:153-62. [PMID: 25431836 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, is a major commercial source of natural rubber. Increasing the rubber yield of rubber trees is a very serious problem since the demands for high quality rubber materials are great. Establishment of a tapping system is based on an estimate of tapping intensity from the rubber tree. Latex flowing time is one of the most critical factors that determine the rubber yield. Long-term flow is a type of phenomenon of the rubber tree latex with longer flowing time than normal latex flow, and is always caused by intensive tapping. Thus, transcriptome and expression profiling data for long-term flowing latex (LFL) are needed as an important resource to identify genes and to better understand the biological mechanisms of latex flow in rubber trees. RESULTS The transcripts were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. After cleaning, quality checks and sequencing, 98,697 transcripts and 38,584 unigenes were assembled with the mean size of 1437.31bp and 923.86bp, respectively. In BLAST searches of our database against public databases, 65.17% (25,147) of the unigenes were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved protein domains, or gene ontology terms. Functional categorization further revealed 853 individual unigenes related to long-term flow. According to KEGG classification, the clusters for "cysteine and methionine metabolism", "energy", "oxidative phosphorylation", "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction" and "copper, potassium transporter" were significantly enriched metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS We conducted high-resolution transcriptome profiling related to LFL in H. brasiliensis. The research facilitates further studies on gene discovery and on the molecular mechanisms related to the estimation of tapping intensity and prolonging latex flowing time. We concluded that it was necessary to improve energy supplies for intensive tapping and the copper ion content of rubber tree latex could be considered as a standard to estimate tapping intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
| | - Shiqiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
| | - Qiankun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
| | - Jian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
| | - Wenfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
| | - Xianzhou Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
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