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Sheikhalipour M, Mohammadi SA, Esmaielpour B, Spanos A, Mahmoudi R, Mahdavinia GR, Milani MH, Kahnamoei A, Nouraein M, Antoniou C, Kulak M, Gohari G, Fotopoulos V. Seedling nanopriming with selenium-chitosan nanoparticles mitigates the adverse effects of salt stress by inducing multiple defence pathways in bitter melon plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124923. [PMID: 37211072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the nanotechnology fields provided crucial applications in plant sciences, contributing to the plant performance and health under stress and stress-free conditions. Amid the applications, selenium (Se), chitosan and their conjugated forms as nanoparticles (Se-CS NPs) have been revealed to have potential of alleviating the harmful effects of the stress on several crops and subsequently enhancing the growth and productivity. The present study was addressed to assay the potential effects of Se-CS NPs in reversing or buffering the harmful effects of salt stress on growth, photosynthesis, nutrient concentration, antioxidant system and defence transcript levels in bitter melon )Momordica charantia(. In addition, some secondary metabolite-related genes were explicitly examined. In this regard, the transcriptional levels of WRKY1, SOS1, PM H+-ATPase, SKOR, Mc5PTase7, SOAR1, MAP30, α-MMC, polypeptide-P and PAL were quantified. Our results demonstrated that Se-CS NPs increased growth parameters, photosynthesis parameters (SPAD, Fv/Fm, Y(II)), antioxidant enzymatic activity (POD, SOD, CAT) and nutrient homeostasis (Na+/K+, Ca2+, and Cl-) and induced the expression of genes in bitter melon plants under salt stress (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, applying Se-CS NPs might be a simple and effective way of improving crop plants' overall health and yield under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Center for Cell Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alexandros Spanos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Roghayeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Amir Kahnamoei
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Türkiye
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus.
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Sheikhalipour M, Mohammadi SA, Esmaielpour B, Zareei E, Kulak M, Ali S, Nouraein M, Bahrami MK, Gohari G, Fotopoulos V. Exogenous melatonin increases salt tolerance in bitter melon by regulating ionic balance, antioxidant system and secondary metabolism-related genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 35907823 PMCID: PMC9338570 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule widely employed in order to mitigate abiotic stress factors, in general and salt stress in particular. Even though previous reports revealed that melatonin could exhibit roles in promoting seed germination and protecting plants during various developmental stages of several plant species under salt stress, no reports are available with respect to the regulatory acts of melatonin on the physiological and biochemical status as well as the expression levels of defense- and secondary metabolism-related related transcripts in bitter melon subjected to the salt stress. RESULTS Herewith the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and ion balance, antioxidant system, as well as transcript analysis of defense-related genes (WRKY1, SOS1, PM H+-ATPase, SKOR, Mc5PTase7, and SOAR1) and secondary metabolism-related gene expression (MAP30, α-MMC, polypeptide-P, and PAL) in salt-stressed bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plants in response to melatonin treatment. In this regard, different levels of melatonin (0, 75 and 150 µM) were applied to mitigate salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in bitter melon. Accordingly, present findings revealed that 100 mM salinity stress decreased growth and photosynthesis parameters (SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and some nutrient elements (K+, Ca2+, and P), while it increased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), proline, Na+, Cl-, H2O2, MDA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lead to the induction of the examined genes. However, prsiming with 150 µM melatonin increased SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and K+, Ca2+, and P concentration while decreased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA under salt stress. In addition, the antioxidant system and gene expression levels were increased by melatonin (150 µM). CONCLUSIONS Overall, it can be postulated that the application of melatonin (150 µM) has effective roles in alleviating the adverse impacts of salinity through critical modifications in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Center for Cell Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Limassol, Cyprus
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Hashemipetroudi SH, Ahmadian G, Fatemi F, Nematzadeh G, Yamchi A, Kuhlmann M. Ion content, antioxidant enzyme activity and transcriptional response under salt stress and recovery condition in the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:201. [PMID: 35690800 PMCID: PMC9188045 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to glycophytes, halophyte plants have evolved unique morphological and physiological mechanisms to deal with abiotic stress. This study presents the physiological responses of Aeluropus littoralis, a halophyte grass, to salt stress and recovery conditions on the molecular level. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed that Na+ concentration increased in the analyzed tissue during salt stress application, and declined at recovery condition. With the exception of root tissue, comparable trends of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were observed (decreased during salt stress, increased during recovery). Salinity led to an increase in total chlorophyll (Chl), Chl a, and carotenoids content, while Chl b content decreased. The level of the proline amino acid associated with drought and salt stress was increased. Here APX, POD, and SOD activity were strongly detectable in roots and reduced later under recovery conditions. RT-qPCR revealed up-regulation of antioxidant genes at S1 and S3 in the root but down-regulation in recovery conditions. This study found a significant halophyte index for understanding the processes of salinity tolerance in A. littoralis. These findings may provide insight into the role of antioxidant enzymes during salt stress and the mechanism underlying the plant's response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, PO Box 578, Sari, Iran. .,RG Heterosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fatemi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, PO Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Nematzadeh
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, PO Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Yamchi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- RG Heterosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Stanković M, Zlatić N, Mašković J, Mašković P, Jakovljević D. Teucrium scordium L. and Mentha pulegium L. essential oil importance in adaptive response to salinity stress. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Su R, Zhang Z, Chang C, Peng Q, Cheng X, Pang J, He H, Lambers H. Interactive effects of phosphorus fertilization and salinity on plant growth, phosphorus and sodium status, and tartrate exudation by roots of two alfalfa cultivars. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:53-64. [PMID: 34582551 PMCID: PMC8752396 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soil phosphorus (P) deficiency and salinity are constraints to crop productivity in arid and semiarid regions. Salinity may weaken the effect of P fertilization on plant growth. We investigated the interactive effects of soil P availability and salinity on plant growth, P nutrition and salt tolerance of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars. METHODS A pot experiment was carried out to grow two cultivars of alfalfa in a loess soil under a combination of different rates of added P (0, 40, 80 and 160 mg P kg-1 soil as monopotassium phosphate) and sodium chloride (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g NaCl kg-1 soil). Plant biomass, concentrations of P ([P]), sodium ([Na]) and potassium ([K]) were determined, and rhizosheath carboxylates were analysed. KEY RESULTS There were significant interactions between soil P availability and salinity on some, but not all, of the parameters investigated, and interactions depended on cultivar. Plant growth and P uptake were enhanced by P fertilization, but inhibited by increased levels of salinity. Increasing the salinity resulted in decreased plant P-uptake efficiency and [K]/[Na]. Only soil P availability had a significant effect on the amount of tartrate in the rhizosheath of both cultivars. CONCLUSIONS Increased salinity aggravated P deficiency. Appropriate application of P fertilizers improved the salt tolerance of alfalfa and increased its productivity in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayin Pang
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Honghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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The Response of Maize to Inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. in Phosphorus-Deficient, Salinity-Affected Soil. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071005. [PMID: 32635586 PMCID: PMC7409341 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity and phosphorus (P) deficiency are among the most serious soil factors constraining crop productivity. A proposed strategy for alleviating these stresses is supporting plants by inoculation with growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Here, a comparison of the ability of two maize composite and two F1 hybrid varieties to tolerate a P deficiency in either a saline or a non-saline environment showed that the uptake of nutrients by all four entries was significantly reduced by the imposition of both soil salinity and P deficiency, and that their growth was compromised to a similar extent. Subsequently, the ameliorative effect of inoculation with three strains of either Arthrobacter sp. or Bacillus sp. in an environment, which suffered simultaneously from salinity and P deficiency, was investigated. Inoculation with each of the strains was found to limit the plants’ uptake of sodium cations, to increase their uptake of potassium cations, and to enhance their growth. The extent of the growth stimulation was more pronounced for the composite varieties than for the F1 hybrid ones, although the amount of biomass accumulated by the latter, whether the plants had been inoculated or not, was greater than that of the former varieties. When the bacterial strains were cultured in vitro, each of them was shown as able to produce the phytohormones auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins. The implication is that since the presence in the rhizospere of both Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. strains can support the growth of maize in salinity-affected and P deficient soils in a genotype-dependent fashion, it is important to not only optimize the PGPR strain used for inoculation, but also to select maize varieties which can benefit most strongly from an association with these bacteria.
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Tang H, Niu L, Wei J, Chen X, Chen Y. Phosphorus Limitation Improved Salt Tolerance in Maize Through Tissue Mass Density Increase, Osmolytes Accumulation, and Na + Uptake Inhibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31333699 PMCID: PMC6618052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Low phosphorus (P) availability and salt stress are two major constraints for maize (Zea mays L.) growth in north China. A combination of salinity and high P rather than low P is more detrimental to the growth of maize. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which P nutrition modifies the salt tolerance and P uptake of maize. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of salinity and P on maize growth and P uptake, and to address the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance influenced by P availability in maize. Seedlings of a local maize cultivar XY335 were grown hydroponically for 35 days under low (5 μM) or sufficient P supply (200 μM) with or without 100 mM NaCl. Root morphological traits, tissue mass density, leaf osmolytes (sugars and proline) accumulation, and Na+/K+ ratio were measured to allow evaluation of the combined effects of salinity and P on maize growth and P uptake. Both P deficiency and salinity markedly reduced the growth of maize. However, P deficiency had a more pronounced effect on shoot growth while salinity affected root growth more prominently. Combined effects of P deficiency and salinity on total root length, root surface area, and average root diameter were similar to that of plants grown under salt stress. The combination of P deficiency and salinity treatments had a more pronounced effect on tissue mass density, leaf proline and soluble sugars compared to individual treatment of either low P or NaCl. When exposed to salt stress, maize plants of sufficient P accumulated greater amount of Na+ than those under P deficit, but similar amounts of K+ were observed between the two P treatments. Salt stress significantly increased shoot P concentration of maize with sufficient P (P < 0.01), but not for P-deficient plants. In sum, shoots and roots of maize exhibited different responses to P deficiency and salinity, with more marked effect of P deficiency on shoots and of salinity on roots. P deficiency improved salt tolerance of maize plants, which was associated with the increase of tissue mass density, accumulation of osmolytes, reduction of Na+ accumulation, and selective absorption of K+ over Na+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Tang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Le Niu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Assimilation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Phosphorus in Rice Genotypes Affected by Salt-Alkaline Stress. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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