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Zhang S, Xu L, Zheng Q, Hu J, Jiang D, Dai T, Tian Z. The tetraploid wheat (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.) improves nitrogen uptake and assimilation adaptation to nitrogen-deficit stress. PLANTA 2024; 259:151. [PMID: 38733553 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The genetic diversity in tetraploid wheat provides a genetic pool for improving wheat productivity and environmental resilience. The tetraploid wheat had strong N uptake, translocation, and assimilation capacity under N deficit stress, thus alleviating growth inhibition and plant N loss to maintain healthy development and adapt to environments with low N inputs. Tetraploid wheat with a rich genetic variability provides an indispensable genetic pool for improving wheat yield. Mining the physiological mechanisms of tetraploid wheat in response to nitrogen (N) deficit stress is important for low-N-tolerant wheat breeding. In this study, we selected emmer wheat (Kronos, tetraploid), Yangmai 25 (YM25, hexaploid), and Chinese spring (CS, hexaploid) as materials. We investigated the differences in the response of root morphology, leaf and root N accumulation, N uptake, translocation, and assimilation-related enzymes and gene expression in wheat seedlings of different ploidy under N deficit stress through hydroponic experiments. The tetraploid wheat (Kronos) had stronger adaptability to N deficit stress than the hexaploid wheats (YM25, CS). Kronos had better root growth under low N stress, expanding the N uptake area and enhancing N uptake to maintain higher NO3- and soluble protein contents. Kronos exhibited high TaNRT1.1, TaNRT2.1, and TaNRT2.2 expression in roots, which promoted NO3- uptake, and high TaNRT1.5 and TaNRT1.8 expression in roots and leaves enhanced NO3- translocation to the aboveground. NR and GS activity in roots and leaves of Kronos was higher by increasing the expression of TANIA2, TAGS1, and TAGS2, which enhanced the reduction and assimilation of NO3- as well as the re-assimilation of photorespiratory-released NH4+. Overall, Kronos had strong N uptake, translocation, and assimilation capacity under N deficit stress, alleviating growth inhibition and plant N loss and thus maintaining a healthy development. This study reveals the physiological mechanisms of tetraploid wheat that improve nitrogen uptake and assimilation adaptation under low N stress, which will provide indispensable germplasm resources for elite low-N-tolerant wheat improvement and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaomei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Shen C, Huang B, Hu L, Yuan H, Huang Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Xin J. Comparative transcriptome analysis and Arabidopsis thaliana overexpression reveal key genes associated with cadmium transport and distribution in root of two Capsicum annuum cultivars. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133365. [PMID: 38163407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying high and low cadmium (Cd) accumulation in hot pepper cultivars remain unclear. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis of root between high-Cd (J) and low-Cd (Z) cultivars was conducted under hydroponic cultivation with 0 and 0.4 mg/L Cd, respectively. The results showed that J enhanced the root uptake of Cd by elevating the expression of Nramp5 and counteracting Cd toxicity by increasing the expression of genes, such as NIR1, GLN1, and IAA9. Z reduced Cd accumulation by enhancing the cell wall lignin synthesis genes PAL, COMT, 4CL, LAC, and POD and the Cd transporters ABC, MTP1, and DTX1. Elevated expression of genes related to sulfur metabolism was observed in Z, potentially contributing to its ability to detoxify Cd. To investigate the function of CaCOMT1, an Arabidopsis thaliana overexpression line (OE-CaCOMT1) was constructed. The results revealed that OE-CaCOMT1 drastically increased the lignin content by 38-42% and reduced the translocation of Cd to the aboveground parts by 32%. This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation in hot pepper cultivars using transcriptome analysis. Moreover, this study elucidates the critical function of CaCOMT1, providing a theoretical foundation for the production of low-Cd vegetables for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Baifei Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Lu Hu
- Hunan Huanbaoqiao Ecology and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
| | - Haiwei Yuan
- Hunan Huanbaoqiao Ecology and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yingfang Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jirong Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Junliang Xin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
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Liu M, Bai M, Yue J, Fei X, Xia X. Integrating transcriptome and metabolome to explore the growth-promoting mechanisms of GABA in blueberry plantlets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1319700. [PMID: 38186593 PMCID: PMC10768180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1319700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tissue culture technology is the main method for the commercial propagation of blueberry plants, but blueberry plantlets grow slowly and have long growth cycles under in vitro propagation, resulting in low propagation efficiency. In addition, the long culturing time can also result in reduced nutrient content in the culture medium, and the accumulation of toxic and harmful substances that can lead to weak growth for the plantlets or browning and vitrification, which ultimately can seriously reduce the quality of the plantlets. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that can improve plant resistance to various stresses and promote plant growth, but the effects of its application and mechanism in tissue culture are still unclear. In this study, the effects of GABA on the growth of in vitro blueberry plantlets were analyzed following the treatment of the plantlets with GABA. In addition, the GABA-treated plantlets were also subjected to a comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The exogenous application of GABA significantly promoted growth and improved the quality of the blueberry plantlets. In total, 2,626 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 377 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected by comparison of the control and GABA-treated plantlets. Most of the DEGs and DAMs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The comprehensive analysis results indicated that GABA may promote the growth of blueberry plantlets by promoting carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation, as well as increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids and terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiuying Xia
- Plant Cell and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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4
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Sun J, Jin L, Li R, Meng X, Jin N, Wang S, Xu Z, Liu Z, Lyu J, Yu J. Effects of Different Forms and Proportions of Nitrogen on the Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4175. [PMID: 38140502 PMCID: PMC10748299 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. This study investigated optimal nitrogen forms and ratios for tomato growth using the 'Jingfan 502' tomato variety. Thirteen treatments were applied with varying proportions of nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), and urea nitrogen (UN). Results revealed that the combination of AN and UN inhibited tomato growth and photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, the joint application of NN and UN or NN and AN led to a significant enhancement in tomato plant growth. Notably, the T12 (75%UN:25%NN) and T4 (75%NN:25%AN) treatments significantly increased the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, thereby promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control. Additionally, AN favored starch accumulation, while NN and UN favored fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulation. Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolism increased significantly in T12 and T4, with T12 showing greater upregulation. Key enzyme activity in metabolism also increased notably. In summary, T12 enhanced tomato growth by upregulating gene expression, increasing enzyme activity, and boosting photosynthesis and sugar accumulation. Growers should consider using NN and UN to reduce AN application in tomato fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Sun
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Ruirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zitong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinhua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.S.); (R.L.); (X.M.); (N.J.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.J.); (S.W.)
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Ma D, Teng W, Yi B, Lin Y, Pan Y, Wang L. Effects of the nitrate and ammonium ratio on plant characteristics and Erythropalum scandens Bl. substrates. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289659. [PMID: 37540657 PMCID: PMC10403090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropalum scandens Bl. is a woody vegetable with high nitrogen demand that inhabits southern China. Ammonium and nitrate are the two main forms of inorganic nitrogen that plants directly absorb. A pot experiment was performed to determine the growth, physiological responses, and preferences of 12-month-old E. scandens seedlings for ammonium and nitrate. Aboveground and underground growth indexes, biomass, physiological and biochemical indexes (chlorophyll [Chl], soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline contents), and substrate pH and nitrogen contents were determined under different nitrate and ammonium ratios (0 NO3-: 100 NH4+, 25 NO3-: 75 NH4+, 50 NO3-: 50 NH4+, 75 NO3-: 25 NH4+, and 100 NO3-: 0 NH4+), and the control (0 NO3-: 0 NH4+). The results showed that ammonium and nitrate improved the growth and physiological status of E. scandens seedlings in most of the treatments compared to the control. The aboveground growth status and biomass accumulation of E. scandens seedlings were significantly better under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment during fertilization compared with all other treatments. However, the growth status of the underground parts was not significantly different among treatments. Significant differences in osmoregulator content, except for soluble sugars, and Chl content were observed. Soluble sugars and soluble proteins were highest under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment at the end of fertilization (day 175). However, free proline accumulated during fertilization and the increase in NO3- indicated that excessive use of NO3- had a negative effect on the E. scandens seedlings. The order of accumulating nitrogen content was leaves > roots > stems. The highest N accumulation occurred in the aboveground parts under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment, whereas the highest N accumulation occurred in the underground parts under the 50 NO3-: 50 NH4+ treatment. Substrate pH increased at the end of fertilization (day 175) compared with the middle stage (day 75), while total nitrogen, ammonium, and nitrate were highly significantly different among the treatments. Total nitrogen and NH4+ content were the highest under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment, while NO3- content was the highest under the 100 NO3-: 0 NH4+ treatment. In conclusion, 12-month-old E. scandens seedlings grew best, and had better physiological conditions in NH4+ than NO3-. The 0 NO3-:100 NH4+ treatment (ammonium chloride 3.82 g/plant) resulted in the best growth and physiological conditions. Most of the growth and physiological indexes were inhibited with the increase in nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daocheng Ma
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, University Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Weichao Teng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, University Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Biao Yi
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, University Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Yongzhi Lin
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, University Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, University Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Linghui Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, University Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530004, China
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Duan Y, Yang H, Wei Z, Yang H, Fan S, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Blackberry Fruit Quality. Foods 2023; 12:2318. [PMID: 37372529 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the optimal form of nitrogen (N) application and to determine the best harvest date for blackberries, different N fertilizers were applied during the critical growth period of blackberry plants. The results showed that NH4+-N significantly improved the appearance of blackberry fruits, including their size, firmness, and color, and promoted the accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, anthocyanin, ellagic acid, and vitamin C (VC), while fruit treated with NO3--N accumulated more flavonoids and organic acids and had improved antioxidant capacity. In addition, the fruit size, firmness, and color brightness decreased with the harvest period. While the contents of sugars, anthocyanin, ellagic acid, flavonoids, and VC were higher in the early harvests and then decreased as the season progressed, the total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased. In all, application of NH4+-N is recommended, as it is more beneficial to fruit appearance, taste, and nutritional quality. Harvests in the early stage help to obtain a good fruit appearance, while harvests in the middle and later stages are more beneficial to fruit taste and quality. This study may help growers to determine the best fertilization scheme for blackberries and choose the appropriate harvest time according to their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sufan Fan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Duan Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wei Z, Che J, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Physiological and Morphological Responses of Blackberry Seedlings to Different Nitrogen Forms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 37050106 PMCID: PMC10097381 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Blackberries are an emerging third-generation fruit that are popular in Europe, and specific nitrogen (N) supply is an important factor affecting their growth and development. To study the optimal N fertilizer for blackberry seedlings, no N (CK), nitrate (NO3-)-N, ammonium (NH4+)-N and urea were applied to one-year-old 'Ningzhi 4' blackberry plants at a key growth period (from May to August) to explore the effects of different N forms on the physiological characteristics. Correlation and principal component analysis were used to determine the relationships between various indexes. Ammonium (NH4+) or urea-fed plants had a better growth state, showed a greater plant height, biomass, SPAD values and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthesis. In addition, NH4+ was beneficial to the accumulation of sugars and amino acids in leaves and roots, and promoted the transport of auxin and cytokinin to leaves. NO3- significantly inhibited root growth and increased the contents of active oxygen, malondialdehyde and antioxidants in roots. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that growth and dry matter accumulation were closely related to the antioxidant system, photosynthetic characteristics, amino acids and hormone content. Our study provides a new idea for N regulation mechanism of blackberry and proposes a scientific fertilization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jilu Che
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
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Zhang X, Li S, An X, Song Z, Zhu Y, Tan Y, Guo X, Wang D. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on the yield and berry quality of blueberry. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283137. [PMID: 36928292 PMCID: PMC10019695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the application ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the field, L9 (33) orthogonal experimental design was used to study the effects of different N, P and K ratios on the yield and quality of blueberry fruit, aiming to optimize the amount of supplied fertilizers. The results showed that N, P and K fertilizer had different effects on fruit yield and quality, among which K fertilizer was the most important factor. Fertilization could significantly improve the yield and fruit quality of blueberry, and the average yield of fertilization treatment was 37.78% higher than that of the control group (CK). Even the treatment with the worst results F6 (N2P3K1), its single fruit weight, anthocyanins, total phenols, soluble solids and soluble protein content were 1.09, 1.32, 1.23, 1.08 and 1.21 times higher than the control (CK), respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis and multi factor analysis of variance, the best fertilization combination for high-yield and good-quality blueberries was N1P2K2 (F2), that is, the best fertilization effect was that including N 100 g/plant, P2O5 25 g/plant, K2O 25 g/plant, applied in the form of ammonium sulfate (472 g/plant), superphosphate (41 g/plant) and potassium sulfate (40 g/plant), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- General Office of Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zejun Song
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzheng Zhu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huicheng, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Delu Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Duan Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wu Y, Fan S, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Integrative physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals nitrogen preference and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in blackberry plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153888. [PMID: 36577314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an indispensable element for plant growth and development. To understand the regulation of underlying carbon (C) and N metabolism in blackberry plants, we performed integrated analyses of the physiology, metabolome and transcriptome. Blackberry plants were subjected to no N, nitrate (NO3⁻)-N, ammonium (NH4+)-N and urea treatments. Our results showed that the NH4⁺-N treatment yielded higher values for the biomass, chlorophyll, antioxidants, N contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as lower levels of free radicals and the C/N ratio compared with other treatments. Transcriptome analysis showed that different N forms significantly affected photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and the TCA cycle. Metabolome analysis indicated that the levels of lipids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and amino acids were markedly changed under different N treatments. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that amino acids, including proline, arginine, L-isoleucine, L-aspartate, threonine, and L-glutamate, played important roles in maintaining normal plant growth by regulating N metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Overall, blackberry plants preferentially take up NH4⁺-N. Under the NH4⁺-N treatment, N assimilation was stronger, flavonoid biosynthesis was decreased, and the promoting influence of NH4⁺-N on N metabolism was better than that of NO3⁻-N. However, the NO3⁻-N treatment enhanced the C/N ratio, accelerated the process of C metabolism and increased the synthesis of flavonoids, thereby accelerating the flow of N metabolism to C metabolism. These results provide deeper insight into coordinating C and N metabolism and improving N use efficiency in blackberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Sufan Fan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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10
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Guo L, Meng H, Teng K, Fan X, Zhang H, Teng W, Yue Y, Wu J. Effects of Nitrogen Forms on the Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation in Buchloe dactyloides Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162086. [PMID: 36015389 PMCID: PMC9416445 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] has become the most widely cultivated warm-season turfgrass in northern China because of its low-maintenance requirements. Nitrogen (N) can be applied to plants in a range of formulations. However, preference of nitrogen uptake and the effects of N form on plant growth and nitrogen accumulation has not been established in buffalograss. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different inorganic nitrogen forms (NO3−-N, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N: NH4+-N = 1:1) on growth and nitrogen accumulation in buffalograss seedlings. Results showed that supply of three N forms significantly increased buffalograss seedlings growth, biomass, and N contents of all plant organs compared with the seedlings receiving free nitrogen. Plants achieved better growth performance when they received nitrate as the sole N source, which stimulated stolon growth and increased the biomass of ramets, spacers, and aboveground and total plant biomass, and also allocated more biomass to ramets and more N to spacers. Meanwhile, those plants supplied with the treatment +NH4NO3 displayed a significantly greater N content in the ramet, 15N abundance, and 15N accumulation amount in all organs. These data suggest NO3−-N supplied either singly or in mixture increased vegetative propagation and thus facilitates buffalograss establishment. However, applications of ammonium caused detrimental effects on buffalograss seedlings growth, but +NO3− could alleviate NH4+-induced morphological disorders. Thus, recommendations to increase vegetative propagation and biomass accumulation in buffalograss seedlings should consider increasing NO3−-N in a fertility program and avoiding applications of nitrogen as NH4+-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huizhen Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ke Teng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenjun Teng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuesen Yue
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Ashraf M, Noureldeen A, Darwish H, Ahmad P. Methyl Jasmonate and Sodium Nitroprusside Jointly Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Plants by Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism, Cadmium Detoxification, and AsA-GSH Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:654780. [PMID: 34421936 PMCID: PMC8374870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.654780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The principal intent of the investigation was to examine the influence of joint application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 10 μM) and a nitric oxide-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μM) to wheat plants grown under cadmium (Cd as CdCl2, 100 μM) stress. Cd stress suppressed plant growth, chlorophylls (Chl), and PSII maximum efficiency (F v /F m ), but it elevated leaf and root Cd, and contents of leaf proline, phytochelatins, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the activity of lipoxygenase. MeJA and SNP applied jointly or singly improved the concentrations of key antioxidant biomolecules, e.g., reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid and the activities of the key oxidative defense system enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. Exogenously applied MeJA and SNP jointly or singly also improved nitrogen metabolism by activating the activities of glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and nitrate and nitrite reductases. Compared with individual application of MeJA or SNP, the combined application of both showed better effect in terms of improving plant growth and key metabolic processes and reducing tissue Cd content, suggesting a putative interactive role of both compounds in alleviating Cd toxicity in wheat plants. MAIN FINDINGS The main findings are that exogenous application of methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide-donor sodium nitroprusside alleviated the cadmium (Cd)-induced adverse effects on growth of wheat plants grown under Cd by modulating key physiological processes and up-regulating enzymatic antioxidants and the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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12
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Zhang JY, Cun Z, Chen JW. Photosynthetic performance and photosynthesis-related gene expression coordinated in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng under nitrogen regimes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:273. [PMID: 32593292 PMCID: PMC7321538 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is an essential component of photosynthetic apparatus. However, the mechanism that photosynthetic capacity is suppressed by N is not completely understood. Photosynthetic capacity and photosynthesis-related genes were comparatively analyzed in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng grown under the levels of low N (LN), moderate N (MN) and high N (HN). RESULTS Photosynthetic assimilation was significantly suppressed in the LN- and HN-grown plants. Compared with the MN-grown plants, the HN-grown plants showed thicker anatomic structure and larger chloroplast accompanied with decreased ratio of mesophyll conductance (gm) to Rubisco content (gm/Rubisco) and lower Rubisco activity. Meanwhile, LN-grown plants displayed smaller chloroplast and accordingly lower internal conductance (gi). LN- and HN-grown individuals allocated less N to light-harvesting system (NL) and carboxylation system (NC), respectively. N surplus negatively affected the expression of genes in Car biosynthesis (GGPS, DXR, PSY, IPI and DXS). The LN individuals outperformed others with respect to non-photochemical quenching. The expression of genes (FBA, PGK, RAF2, GAPC, CAB, PsbA and PsbH) encoding enzymes of Calvin cycle and structural protein of light reaction were obviously repressed in the LN individuals, accompanying with a reduction in Rubisco content and activity. Correspondingly, the expression of genes encoding RAF2, RPI4, CAB and PetE were repressed in the HN-grown plants. CONCLUSIONS LN-induced depression of photosynthetic capacity might be caused by the deceleration on Calvin cycle and light reaction of photosynthesis, and HN-induced depression of ones might derive from an increase in the form of inactivated Rubisco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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13
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Duarte AG, Longstaffe FJ, Way DA. Nitrogen fertilisation influences low CO 2 effects on plant performance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:134-144. [PMID: 31902392 DOI: 10.1071/fp19151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low atmospheric CO2 conditions prevailed for most of the recent evolutionary history of plants. Such concentrations reduce plant growth compared with modern levels, but low-CO2 effects on plant performance may also be affected by nitrogen availability, since low leaf nitrogen decreases photosynthesis, and CO2 concentrations influence nitrogen assimilation. To investigate the influence of N availability on plant performance at low CO2, we grew Elymus canadensis at ambient (~400 μmol mol-1) and subambient (~180 μmol mol-1) CO2 levels, under four N-treatments: nitrate only; ammonium only; a full and a half mix of nitrate and ammonium. Growth at low CO2 decreased biomass in the full and nitrate treatments, but not in ammonium and half plants. Low CO2 effects on photosynthetic and maximum electron transport rates were influenced by fertilisation, with photosynthesis being most strongly impacted by low CO2 in full plants. Low CO2 reduced stomatal index in half plants, suggesting that the use of this indicator in paleo-inferences can be influenced by N availability. Under low CO2 concentrations, nitrate plants discriminated more against 15N whereas half plants discriminated less against 15N compared with the full treatment, suggesting that N availability should be considered when using N isotopes as paleo-indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- André G Duarte
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., N6A 3K7, London, Canada; and Corresponding author.
| | - Fred J Longstaffe
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., N6A 3K7, London, Canada; and Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., N6A 3K7, London, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., N6A 3K7, London, Canada; and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr., 27710, Durham, USA; and Present address: Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
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14
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Marty C, Lévesque JA, Bradley RL, Lafond J, Paré MC. Contrasting impacts of two weed species on lowbush blueberry fertilizer nitrogen uptake in a commercial field. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215253. [PMID: 30978227 PMCID: PMC6461287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have speculated that lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) is less efficient than weed species at taking up inorganic nitrogen (N) derived from fertilizers, thus raising questions as to the effectiveness of N fertilization in commercial fields. However, competition for acquiring N as well as specific interactions between blueberry and companion weeds characterized by contrasted functional traits remain poorly documented. Here, we assessed fertilizer-derived N acquisition efficiency and biomass production in lowbush blueberry and two common weed species that have different functional traits-sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina), a N2-fixing shrub, and poverty oat grass (Danthonia spicata), a perennial grass-in a commercial blueberry field in Québec, Canada. In 2015, 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate was applied at a rate of 45 kg ha-1 to 1 m2 field plots containing lowbush blueberry and one of the two weeds present at several different density levels (0 to 25 plants m-2). In 2016, each plot was harvested to determine vegetative biomass and the percentage of fertilizer-derived N recovered (PFNR) in each species. The PFNR was higher in blueberry (24.4 ± 9.3%) than in sweet fern (13.4 ± 2.6%) and poverty oat grass (3.3 ± 2.9%). However, lowbush blueberry required about four times more root biomass than sweet fern and poverty oat grass to uptake an equivalent amount of N from ammonium sulfate. The PFNR in poverty oat grass increased with plant density (from 0.8% to 6.4% at 2-3 and >6 plants m-2, respectively), which resulted in a decrease in blueberry's PFNR (from 26.0 ± 1.4% to 8.6 ± 1.8%) and aboveground vegetative biomass production (from 152 ± 58 to 80 ± 28 g m-2). The increase in biomass production and N content in sweet fern with increasing plant density was not accompanied by an increase in PFNR (29.7 ± 8.4%), suggesting an increasing contribution of atmospherically-derived N. This mechanism (i.e., N sparing) likely explained blueberry's higher biomass production and N concentration in association with sweet fern than with poverty oat grass. Overall, our study confirms lowbush blueberry low efficiency (on a mass basis) at taking up N derived from the fertilizer as compared to weeds and reveals contrasted and complex interactions between blueberry and both weed species. Our results also suggest that the use of herbicides may not be necessary when poverty oat grass is present at a low density (<15 plants of poverty oat grass m-2) and that adding inorganic N fertilizer is counterproductive when this species is present at a high density as it takes up as much fertilizer as lowbush blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Marty
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Josée-Anne Lévesque
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Robert L. Bradley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Lafond
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Normandin, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime C. Paré
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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