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Słupianek A, Myśkow E, Kasprowicz-Maluśki A, Dolzblasz A, Żytkowiak R, Turzańska M, Sokołowska K. Seasonal dynamics of cell-to-cell transport in angiosperm wood. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1331-1346. [PMID: 37996075 PMCID: PMC10901208 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the seasonal changes in cell-to-cell transport in three selected angiosperm tree species, Acer pseudoplatanus (maple), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), and Populus tremula × tremuloides (poplar), with an emphasis on the living wood component, xylem parenchyma cells (XPCs). We performed anatomical studies, dye loading through the vascular system, measurements of non-structural carbohydrate content, immunocytochemistry, inhibitory assays and quantitative real-time PCR to analyse the transport mechanisms and seasonal variations in wood. The abundance of membrane dye in wood varied seasonally along with seasonally changing tree phenology, cambial activity, and non-structural carbohydrate content. Moreover, dyes internalized in vessel-associated cells and 'trapped' in the endomembrane system are transported farther between other XPCs via plasmodesmata. Finally, various transport mechanisms based on clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis, and membrane transporters, operate in wood, and their involvement is species and/or season dependent. Our study highlights the importance of XPCs in seasonally changing cell-to-cell transport in both ring-porous (ash) and diffuse-porous (maple, poplar) tree species, and demonstrates the involvement of both endocytosis and plasmodesmata in intercellular communication in angiosperm wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Słupianek
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Myśkow
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprowicz-Maluśki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Alicja Dolzblasz
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roma Żytkowiak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Magdalena Turzańska
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sokołowska
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Sembada AA, Lenggoro IW. Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:131. [PMID: 38251096 PMCID: PMC10819755 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle transport into plants is an evolving field of research with diverse applications in agriculture and biotechnology. This article provides an overview of the challenges and prospects associated with the transport of nanoparticles in plants, focusing on delivery methods and the detection of nanoparticles within plant tissues. Passive and assisted delivery methods, including the use of roots and leaves as introduction sites, are discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations. The barriers encountered in nanoparticle delivery to plants are highlighted, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches (e.g., the stem as a new recognition site) to optimize transport efficiency. In recent years, research efforts have intensified, leading to an evendeeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction of nanomaterials with plant tissues and cells. Investigations into the uptake pathways and translocation mechanisms within plants have revealed nuanced responses to different types of nanoparticles. Additionally, this article delves into the importance of detection methods for studying nanoparticle localization and quantification within plant tissues. Various techniques are presented as valuable tools for comprehensively understanding nanoparticle-plant interactions. The reliance on multiple detection methods for data validation is emphasized to enhance the reliability of the research findings. The future outlooks of this field are explored, including the potential use of alternative introduction sites, such as stems, and the continued development of nanoparticle formulations that improve adhesion and penetration. By addressing these challenges and fostering multidisciplinary research, the field of nanoparticle transport in plants is poised to make significant contributions to sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Awal Sembada
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I. Wuled Lenggoro
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
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3
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Heeney M, Frank MH. The mRNA mobileome: challenges and opportunities for deciphering signals from the noise. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1817-1833. [PMID: 36881847 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Organismal communication entails encoding a message that is sent over space or time to a recipient cell, where that message is decoded to activate a downstream response. Defining what qualifies as a functional signal is essential for understanding intercellular communication. In this review, we delve into what is known and unknown in the field of long-distance messenger RNA (mRNA) movement and draw inspiration from the field of information theory to provide a perspective on what defines a functional signaling molecule. Although numerous studies support the long-distance movement of hundreds to thousands of mRNAs through the plant vascular system, only a small handful of these transcripts have been associated with signaling functions. Deciphering whether mobile mRNAs generally serve a role in plant communication has been challenging, due to our current lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence mRNA mobility. Further insight into unsolved questions regarding the nature of mobile mRNAs could provide an understanding of the signaling potential of these macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heeney
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 14853 Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 14853 Ithaca, NY, USA
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4
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Chen L, Ganguly DR, Shafik SH, Danila F, Grof CPL, Sharwood RE, Furbank RT. The role of SWEET4 proteins in the post-phloem sugar transport pathway of Setaria viridis sink tissues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2968-2986. [PMID: 36883216 PMCID: PMC10560085 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the developing seeds of all higher plants, filial cells are symplastically isolated from the maternal tissue supplying photosynthate to the reproductive structure. Photoassimilates must be transported apoplastically, crossing several membrane barriers, a process facilitated by sugar transporters. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have been proposed to play a crucial role in apoplastic sugar transport during phloem unloading and the post-phloem pathway in sink tissues. Evidence for this is presented here for developing seeds of the C4 model grass Setaria viridis. Using immunolocalization, SvSWEET4 was detected in various maternal and filial tissues within the seed along the sugar transport pathway, in the vascular parenchyma of the pedicel, and in the xylem parenchyma of the stem. Expression of SvSWEET4a in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that it functions as a high-capacity glucose and sucrose transporter. Carbohydrate and transcriptional profiling of Setaria seed heads showed that there were some developmental shifts in hexose and sucrose content and consistent expression of SvSWEET4 homologues. Collectively, these results provide evidence for the involvement of SWEETs in the apoplastic transport pathway of sink tissues and allow a pathway for post-phloem sugar transport into the seed to be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chen
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Diep R Ganguly
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sarah H Shafik
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Florence Danila
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher P L Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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5
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Qin A, Aluko OO, Liu Z, Yang J, Hu M, Guan L, Sun X. Improved cotton yield: Can we achieve this goal by regulating the coordination of source and sink? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136636. [PMID: 37063185 PMCID: PMC10090392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is one of the major cash crops globally. It is characterized by determinate growth and multiple fruiting, which makes the source-sink contradiction more obvious. Coordination between source and sink is crucial for normal growth, yield, and quality of cotton. Numerous studies reported how the assimilate transport and distribution under varying environmental cues affected crop yields. However, less is known about the functional mechanism underlying the assimilate transport between source and sink, and how their distribution impacts cotton growth. Here, we provided an overview of the assimilate transport and distribution mechanisms , and discussed the regulatory mechanisms involved in source-sink balance in relation to cotton yield. Therefore, this review enriched our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism involved in source-sink relationship for improved cotton yield.
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6
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Dreyer I, Vergara-Valladares F, Mérida-Quesada F, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Hernández-Rojas N, Riedelsberger J, Astola-Mariscal SZ, Heitmüller C, Yanez-Chávez M, Arrey-Salas O, San Martín-Davison A, Navarro-Retamal C, Michard E. The Surprising Dynamics of Electrochemical Coupling at Membrane Sandwiches in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:204. [PMID: 36616332 PMCID: PMC9824766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport processes across membranes play central roles in any biological system. They are essential for homeostasis, cell nutrition, and signaling. Fluxes across membranes are governed by fundamental thermodynamic rules and are influenced by electrical potentials and concentration gradients. Transmembrane transport processes have been largely studied on single membranes. However, several important cellular or subcellular structures consist of two closely spaced membranes that form a membrane sandwich. Such a dual membrane structure results in remarkable properties for the transport processes that are not present in isolated membranes. At the core of membrane sandwich properties, a small intermembrane volume is responsible for efficient coupling between the transport systems at the two otherwise independent membranes. Here, we present the physicochemical principles of transport coupling at two adjacent membranes and illustrate this concept with three examples. In the supplementary material, we provide animated PowerPoint presentations that visualize the relationships. They could be used for teaching purposes, as has already been completed successfully at the University of Talca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Fernando Vergara-Valladares
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Modelado de Sistemas Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Franko Mérida-Quesada
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Modelado de Sistemas Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María Eugenia Rubio-Meléndez
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Naomí Hernández-Rojas
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Sadith Zobeida Astola-Mariscal
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Charlotte Heitmüller
- Electrical Signaling in Plants (ESP) Laboratory, Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mónica Yanez-Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Oscar Arrey-Salas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Alex San Martín-Davison
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742–5815, USA
| | - Erwan Michard
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avenida Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile
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7
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Noll GA, Furch ACU, Rose J, Visser F, Prüfer D. Guardians of the phloem - forisomes and beyond. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1245-1260. [PMID: 36089886 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phloem is a highly specialized vascular tissue that forms a fundamentally important transport and signaling pathway in plants. It is therefore a system worth protecting. The main function of the phloem is to transport the products of photosynthesis throughout the whole plant, but it also transports soluble signaling molecules and propagates electrophysiological signals. The phloem is constantly threatened by mechanical injuries, phloem-sucking pests and parasites, and the spread of pathogens, which has led to the evolution of efficient defense mechanisms. One such mechanism involves structural phloem proteins, which are thought to facilitate sieve element occlusion following injury and to defend the plant against pathogens. In leguminous plants, specialized structural phloem proteins known as forisomes form unique mechanoproteins via sophisticated molecular interaction and assembly mechanisms, thus enabling reversible sieve element occlusion. By understanding the structure and function of forisomes and other structural phloem proteins, we can develop a toolbox for biotechnological applications in material science and medicine. Furthermore, understanding the involvement of structural phloem proteins in plant defense mechanisms will allow phloem engineering as a new strategy for the development of crop varieties that are resistant to pests, pathogens and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Judith Rose
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska Visser
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
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8
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Hoffmann B, Aubry E, Marmagne A, Dinant S, Chardon F, Le Hir R. Impairment of sugar transport in the vascular system acts on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13830. [PMID: 36437708 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms have long been known to be coupled, and this is required for adjusting nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Despite this intricate relationship, it is still unclear how deregulation of sugar transport impacts N allocation. Here, we investigated in Arabidopsis the consequences of the simultaneous downregulation of the genes coding for the sugar transporters SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17 on various anatomical and physiological traits ranging from the stem's vascular system development to plant biomass production, seed yield, and N remobilization and use efficiency. Our results show that intracellular sugar exchanges mediated by SWEET16 and SWEET17 proteins specifically impact vascular development but do not play a significant role in the distribution of N. Most importantly, we showed that the double mutant swt11 swt12, which has an impacted vascular development, displays an improved NUE and nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation between sugar and amino acids contents and the inflorescence stem radial growth exists, highlighting the complex interaction between the maintenance of C/N homeostasis and the inflorescence stem development. Our results thus deepen the link between sugar transport, C/N allocation, and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Emilie Aubry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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9
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van Bel AJE, Schulz A, Patrick JW. New mosaic fragments toward reconstructing the elusive phloem system. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153754. [PMID: 35753158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aart J E van Bel
- Institut of Phytopathology, Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Gieβen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John W Patrick
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
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10
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Bernardini C, Santi S, Mian G, Levy A, Buoso S, Suh JH, Wang Y, Vincent C, van Bel AJE, Musetti R. Increased susceptibility to Chrysanthemum Yellows phytoplasma infection in Atcals7ko plants is accompanied by enhanced expression of carbohydrate transporters. PLANTA 2022; 256:43. [PMID: 35842878 PMCID: PMC9288947 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Loss of CALS7 appears to confer increased susceptibility to phytoplasma infection in Arabidopsis, altering expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and membrane transport. Callose deposition around sieve pores, under control of callose synthase 7 (CALS7), has been interpreted as a mechanical response to limit pathogen spread in phytoplasma-infected plants. Wild-type and Atcals7ko mutants were, therefore, employed to unveil the mode of involvement of CALS7 in the plant's response to phytoplasma infection. The fresh weights of healthy and CY-(Chrysanthemum Yellows) phytoplasma-infected Arabidopsis wild type and mutant plants indicated two superimposed effects of the absence of CALS7: a partial impairment of photo-assimilate transport and a stimulated phytoplasma proliferation as illustrated by a significantly increased phytoplasma titre in Atcal7ko mutants. Further studies solely dealt with the effects of CALS7 absence on phytoplasma growth. Phytoplasma infection affected sieve-element substructure to a larger extent in mutants than in wild-type plants, which was also true for the levels of some free carbohydrates. Moreover, infection induced a similar upregulation of gene expression of enzymes involved in sucrose cleavage (AtSUS5, AtSUS6) and transmembrane transport (AtSWEET11) in mutants and wild-type plants, but an increased gene expression of carbohydrate transmembrane transporters (AtSWEET12, AtSTP13, AtSUC3) in infected mutants only. It remains still unclear how the absence of AtCALS7 leads to gene upregulation and how an increased intercellular mobility of carbohydrates and possibly effectors contributes to a higher susceptibility. It is also unclear if modified sieve-pore structures in mutants allow a better spread of phytoplasmas giving rise to higher titre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Simonetta Santi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mian
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Amit Levy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Aart J E van Bel
- Institute of Phytopathology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Università di Padova, via dell' Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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11
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Garg V, Kühn C. Subcellular dynamics and protein-protein interactions of plant sucrose transporters. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153696. [PMID: 35472692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although extensively studied for their role in long distance transport, plant sucrose transporters are active not only in the phloem but throughout the plant body. Sucrose transporters of the SUT family were first described to be plasma membrane-resident proteins, but recent investigations revealed that subcellular dynamics of these transporters were part of complex regulatory mechanisms. The yeast two-hybrid split-ubiquitin system, tandem-affinity purification, and bimolecular-fluorescence complementation aided in identification of a complex network of SUT-interacting proteins that led to answers to many open questions. We found, for example, interacting proteins localized to other subcellular compartments. Although sucrose transporters were assumed to be localized mainly on the plasma membrane, and the tonoplast in the case of SUT4, the interaction partners were not exclusively predicted to be plasma membrane proteins, but belonged to the extracellular space (cell wall), intracellular vesicles, the ER, tonoplast, nuclei, and peroxisomes, among other cellular compartments. A subset of the SUT-interacting proteins localized exclusively to plasmodesmata. We conclude that (transient) protein-protein interactions of integral membrane proteins help to sequester SUTs to subcellular compartments, such as membrane microdomains, with specific functions to enable subcellular transport and cell-to-cell trafficking via plasmodesmata. Identification of SNARE proteins (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptors) and protein disulfide isomerases support the assumption that the protein-protein interaction plays an important role for the subcellular movement of sugar transporters. It becomes apparent that the interaction partners provide a substantial impact on how and where the transporter is localized or processed for either targeting to a specific cellular or extracellular location, or tagging for degradation or recycling. In this review, interacting proteins, as well as the role of oligomeric complex formation, post-translational modification, and stress responses are summarized for SUTs of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Garg
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kühn
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Chardon F, De Marco F, Marmagne A, Le Hir R, Vilaine F, Bellini C, Dinant S. Natural variation in the long-distance transport of nutrients and photoassimilates in response to N availability. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153707. [PMID: 35550522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phloem and xylem tissues are necessary for the allocation of nutrients and photoassimilates. However, how the long-distance transport of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is coordinated with the central metabolism is largely unknown. To better understand how the genetic and environmental factors influence C and N transport, we analysed the metabolite profiles of phloem exudates and xylem saps of five Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown in low or non-limiting N supply. We observed that xylem saps were composed of 46 or 56% carbohydrates, 27 or 45% amino acids, and 5 or 13% organic acids in low or non-limiting N supply, respectively. In contrast, phloem exudates were composed of 76 or 86% carbohydrates, 7 or 18% amino acids, and 5 or 6% organic acids. Variation in N supply impacted amino acid, organic acid and sugar contents. When comparing low N and non-limiting N, the most striking differences were variations of glutamine, aspartate, and succinate abundance in the xylem saps and citrate and fumarate abundance in phloem exudates. In addition, we observed a substantial variation of metabolite content between genotypes, particularly under high N. The content of several organic acids, such as malate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate was affected by the genotype alone or by the interaction between genotype and N supply. This study confirmed that the response of the transport of nutrients in the phloem and the xylem to N availability is associated with the regulation of the central metabolism and could be an adaptive trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Federica De Marco
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France; Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France.
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Dinant S, Le Hir R. Delving deeper into the link between sugar transport, sugar signaling, and vascular system development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13684. [PMID: 35396718 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development rely on the transport and use of sugars produced during photosynthesis. Sugars have a dual function as nutrients and signal molecules in the cell. Many factors maintaining sugar homeostasis and signaling are now identified, but our understanding of the mechanisms involved in coordinating intracellular and intercellular sugar translocation is still limited. We also know little about the interplay between sugar transport and signaling and the formation of the vascular system, which controls long-distance sugar translocation. Sugar signaling has been proposed to play a role; however, evidence to support this hypothesis is still limited. Here, we exploited recent transcriptomics datasets produced in aerial organs of Arabidopsis to identify genes coding for sugar transporters or signaling components expressed in the vascular cells. We identified genes belonging to sugar transport and signaling for which no information is available regarding a role in vasculature development. In addition, the transcriptomics datasets obtained from sugar-treated Arabidopsis seedlings were used to assess the sugar-responsiveness of known genes involved in vascular differentiation. Interestingly, several key regulators of vascular development were found to be regulated by either sucrose or glucose. Especially CLE41, which controls the procambial cell fate, was oppositely regulated by sucrose or glucose in these datasets. Even if more experimental data are necessary to confirm these findings, this survey supports a link between sugar transport/signaling and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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14
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Aubry E, Hoffmann B, Vilaine F, Gilard F, Klemens PAW, Guérard F, Gakière B, Neuhaus HE, Bellini C, Dinant S, Le Hir R. A vacuolar hexose transport is required for xylem development in the inflorescence stem. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1229-1247. [PMID: 34865141 PMCID: PMC8825465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Angiosperms, the development of the vascular system is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors. However, how nutrient availability in the vascular cells affects their development remains to be addressed. At the cellular level, cytosolic sugar availability is regulated mainly by sugar exchanges at the tonoplast through active and/or facilitated transport. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), among the genes encoding tonoplastic transporters, SUGAR WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER 16 (SWEET16) and SWEET17 expression has been previously detected in the vascular system. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we propose that sugar exchanges at the tonoplast, regulated by SWEET16, are important for xylem cell division as revealed in particular by the decreased number of xylem cells in the swt16 mutant and the accumulation of SWEET16 at the procambium-xylem boundary. In addition, we demonstrate that transport of hexoses mediated by SWEET16 and/or SWEET17 is required to sustain the formation of the xylem secondary cell wall. This result is in line with a defect in the xylem cell wall composition as measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy in the swt16swt17 double mutant and by upregulation of several genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis. Our work therefore supports a model in which xylem development partially depends on the exchange of hexoses at the tonoplast of xylem-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aubry
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Ecole Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, bat 360, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 360, Rue de Noetzlin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Florence Guérard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 360, Rue de Noetzlin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 360, Rue de Noetzlin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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Lu MZ, Carter AM, Tegeder M. Altering ureide transport in nodulated soybean results in whole-plant adjustments of metabolism, assimilate partitioning, and sink strength. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153613. [PMID: 35033961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes develop a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that are housed in root nodules and fix atmospheric di-nitrogen (N2) to ammonia. In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodules, the final products of nitrogen (N) fixation are amino acids, and the ureides allantoin and allantoic acid that also serve as the major long-distance N transport forms. Recently, we have shown that increased expression of UPS1 (ureide permease 1) in soybean nodules results in enhanced ureide export from nodules with positive effects on N fixation and seed yield. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the ureide transport processes trigger alterations in allantoin and allantoic acid pools and partitioning throughout the transgenic plants. They further result in adjustments in amino acid availability in, and translocation to, root and shoot sinks. In addition, leaf carbon (C) capture, assimilation and allocation to sinks are improved, accommodating the increased nodule function, and root and shoot growth. Overall, we demonstrate that enhanced ureide partitioning in nodulated soybean leads to a complex rebalancing of N and C acquisition, metabolism, and transport processes with positive consequences for above- and below-ground vegetative biomass, and whole-plant N and C gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Amanda M Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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16
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Stadler R. Hop-off hop-on: Assimilates on the road. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153509. [PMID: 34517336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solutes are subject of constant release and retrieval processes during long distance transport in higher plants. In the stem, sugars and amino acids are used for storage or for nutrition of parenchymatic tissues. Modification of export/import capacities along the transport phloem might provide a powerful tool to enhance the productivity of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stadler
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Molecular Plant Physiology, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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