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Huo X, Zhou Y, Zhu N, Guo X, Luo W, Zhuang Y, Leng F, Wang Y. Soil Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen Reshaped Root-Associated Bacteria Community and Synergistic Change the Stress Resistance of Codonopsis pilosula. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01217-3. [PMID: 38890219 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The stress resistance of medicinal plants is essential to the accumulation of pharmacological active ingredients, but the regulation mechanism of biological factors and abiotic factors on medicinal plants is still unclear. To investigate the mechanism of soil nutrient and microecology on the stress resistance of C. pilosula, rhizosphere soil and roots were collected across the four seasons in Minxian, Gansu, and their physicochemical properties, as well as root-associated microorganisms, were examined. The results showed that the bacterial α-diversity indexes increased in the endosphere and rhizosphere from summer to autumn. At the same time, the community composition and function changed considerably. The stability of the endophytic bacterial community was higher than that rhizospheric bacteria, and the complexity of the endophytic bacterial community was lower than rhizospheric bacteria. Soil organic matter (OM), water content (WC), total potassium (TK), and total nitrogen (TN) have been identified as the key factors affecting bacterial community diversity and stress resistance of C. pilosula. WC, TN, and OM showed significant differences from summer to autumn (P < 0.5). Four key soil physiochemical factors changed significantly between seasons (P < 0.01). TN and OM change the stress resistance of C. pilosula mainly by changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Changes of OM and endophytic bacterial diversity affect the accumulation of soluble sugars to alter stress resistance. These four key soil physicochemical factors significantly influenced the diversity of endophytic bacteria. WC and OM were identified as the most important factors for endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria, respectively. This study provided the research basis for the scientific planting of C. pilosula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Huo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wen Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Lv J, Yang S, Zhou W, Liu Z, Tan J, Wei M. Microbial regulation of plant secondary metabolites: Impact, mechanisms and prospects. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127688. [PMID: 38479233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites possess a wide range of pharmacological activities and play crucial biological roles. They serve as both a defense response during pathogen attack and a valuable drug resource. The role of microorganisms in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism has been widely recognized. The addition of specific microorganisms can increase the synthesis of secondary metabolites, and their beneficial effects depend on environmental factors and plant-related microorganisms. This article summarizes the impact and regulatory mechanisms of different microorganisms on the main secondary metabolic products of plants. We emphasize the mechanisms by which microorganisms regulate hormone levels, nutrient absorption, the supply of precursor substances, and enzyme and gene expression to promote the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. In addition, the possible negative feedback regulation of microorganisms is discussed. The identification of additional unknown microbes and other driving factors affecting plant secondary metabolism is essential. The prospects for further analysis of medicinal plant genomes and the establishment of a genetic operation system for plant secondary metabolism research are proposed. This study provides new ideas for the use of microbial resources for biological synthesis research and the improvement of crop anti-inverse traits for the use of microbial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Lv
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shuangyu Yang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhongwang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mi Wei
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China.
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Zhang X, Li J, Xing X, Li H, Zhang S, Chang J, Wei F, Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhang X, Wang Z. Transcriptome disclosure of hormones inducing stigma exsertion in Nicotiana tabacum by corolla shortening. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:320. [PMID: 38549066 PMCID: PMC10976690 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma exsertion is an essential agricultural trait that can promote cross-pollination to improve hybrid seed production efficiency. However, the molecular mechanism controlling stigma exsertion remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, the Nicotiana tabacum cv. K326 and its two homonuclear-heteroplasmic lines, MSK326 (male-sterile) and MSK326SE (male-sterile and stigma exserted), were used to investigate the mechanism of tobacco stigma exsertion. A comparison of the flowers between the three lines showed that the stigma exsertion of MSK326SE was mainly due to corolla shortening. Therefore, the corollas of the three lines were sampled and presented for RNA-seq analysis, which found 338 candidate genes that may cause corolla shortening. These genes were equally expressed in K326 and MSK326, but differentially expressed in MSK326SE. Among these 338 genes, 15 were involved in hormone synthesis or signal transduction pathways. Consistently, the content of auxin, dihydrozeatin, gibberellin, and jasmonic acid was significantly decreased in the MSK326SE corolla, whereas abscisic acid levels were significantly increased. Additionally, seven genes involved in cell division, cell cycle, or cell expansion were identified. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 45 nodes and 79 protein interactions, and the largest module contained 20 nodes and 52 protein interactions, mainly involved in the hormone signal transduction and pathogen defensive pathways. Furthermore, a putative hub gene coding a serine/threonine-protein kinase was identified for the network. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hormones may play a key role in regulating tobacco stigma exsertion induced by corolla shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juxu Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuexia Xing
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, 450018, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, 472000, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, 472000, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Fengjie Wei
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, 450018, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Shangluo Branch of Shanxi provincial Tobacco Company, 726000, Shangluo, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Shangluo Branch of Shanxi provincial Tobacco Company, 726000, Shangluo, China.
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li X, Lin Y, Qin Y, Han G, Wang H, Yan Z. Beneficial endophytic fungi improve the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza by performing different ecological functions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16959. [PMID: 38406278 PMCID: PMC10894594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endophytic fungi can enhance the growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is frequently employed for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, with the primary bioactive components being salvianolic acid and tanshinone. However, their levels in cultivated S. miltiorrhiza are inferior to that of the wild herbs, so the production of high-quality medicinal herbs is sharply declining. Consequently, the utilization of beneficial endophytic fungi to improve the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza holds great significance for the cultivation of medicinal plants. Methods In this study, nine non-pathogenic, endophytic fungal strains were introduced into sterile S. miltiorrhiza seedlings and cultivated both in vitro and in situ (the greenhouse). The effects of these strains on the growth indices, C and N metabolism, antioxidant activity, photosynthesis, and content of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza were then evaluated. Results The results showed that the different genera, species, or strains of endophytic fungi regulated the growth and metabolism of S. miltiorrhiza in unique ways. These endophytic fungi primarily exerted their growth-promoting effects by increasing the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase. They also enhanced the adaptability and resistance to environmental stresses by improving the synthesis of osmoregulatory compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, their regulatory effects on the growth and development of S. miltiorrhiza were affected by environmental changes. Moreover, the strains that significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic acids inhibited the accumulation of tanshinones components, and vice versa. The endophytic fungal strains Penicillium meloforme DS8, Berkeleyomyces basicola DS10, and Acremonium sclerotigenum DS12 enhanced the bioaccumulation of tanshinones. Fusarium solani DS16 elevated the rosmarinic acid content and yields in S. miltiorrhiza. The strain Penicillium javanicum DS5 improved the contents of dihydrotanshinone, salvianolic acid B, and rosmarinic acid. The strains P. meloforme DS8 and B. basicola DS10 improved resistance. Conclusion Various endophytic fungi affected the quality and yield of S. miltiorrhiza by regulating different physiological and metabolic pathways. This study also provides a novel and effective method to maximize the effects of beneficial endophytic fungi by selecting specific strains to design microbial communities based on the different ecological functions of endophytic fungi under varying environments and for specific production goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Lin
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, CNIPA, Chengdu, Sichaun, China
| | - Yong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Leng F, Zhang K, Hu S, Li S, Yu C, Wang Y. Exopolysaccharides of Serratia fonticola CPSE11 can alleviate the toxic effect of Cd 2+ on Codonopsis pilosula. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80378-80392. [PMID: 37296251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the detoxification effect of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) on the heavy metal cadmium (Cd2+), this study took an EPS-producing Serratia fonticola CPSE11 (NZ_CP050171.1) isolated from Codonopsis pilosula root as the research object. The whole genome and EPS synthesis gene clusters of this strain were predicted and analyzed, the adsorption kinetics of EPS on Cd2+ were studied by using pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic equations, the isothermal adsorption curves were simulated and analyzed by using the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation, and the effects of Cd2+ and EPS on the growth of C. pilosula were explored by seed germination experiment and hydroponic experiment. The analysis revealed that this strain contained three gene clusters related to EPS synthesis, and the metabolic pathway for EPS synthesis was obtained on the basis of the whole genome analysis and microbial physiological metabolism. The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of EPS were determined by HPLC analysis, which showed that EPS consisted of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, galactosamine, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1:1.74:4.57:3.96:14.04:10.28, with the molecular weight of 366,316.09 kDa. The adsorption process of EPS on Cd2+ was in accordance with the second-order kinetic model, and the results of seed germination experiments showed that EPS could promote seed germination and improve seed activity. In the hydroponic experiment, high concentration of Cd2+ (15 mg/L) caused toxic symptoms in C. pilosula, while the addition of EPS reduced the toxic effect of Cd2+ on C. pilosula, and the plant growth was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shu Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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