1
|
Pol CWP, Cune MS, Raghoebar GM, Naves LZ, Meijer HJA. Mechanical strength of stock and custom abutments as original and aftermarket components after thermomechanical aging. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e892. [PMID: 39052871 PMCID: PMC11271801 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the impact on the mechanical strength and failure patterns of implant-abutment complexes of choosing different abutment types, designs and manufacturers, aiding in selecting the optimal restorative solution. Stock and custom abutments from original and aftermarket suppliers were subjected to thermomechanical aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stock and custom abutments from the implant manufacturer (original) and a aftermarket supplier (nonoriginal) were connected to identical implants with internal connection. Custom abutments were designed in a typical molar and premolar design, manufactured using the workflow from the respective suppliers. A total of 90 implants (4 mm diameter, 3.4 mm platform, 13 mm length) equally divided across 6 groups (three designs, two manufacturers) underwent thermo-mechanical aging according to three different regimes, simulating five (n = 30) or 10 years (n = 30) of clinical function, or unaged control (n = 30). Subsequently, all samples were tested to failure. RESULTS During aging, no failures occurred. The mean strength at failure was 1009N ± 171, showing significant differences between original and nonoriginal abutments overall (-230N ± 27.1, p < .001), and within each abutment type (p = .000), favoring original abutments. Aging did not significantly affect the failure load, while the type of abutment and manufacturer did, favoring original and custom-designed abutments. The most common failure was implant bending or deformation, significantly differing between original and nonoriginal abutments and screws. All failure tests resulted in clinically unsalvageable implants and abutments. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, original abutments exhibited a higher mechanical strength compared to the nonoriginal alternative, regardless of the amount of simulated clinical use. Similarly, custom abutments showed higher mechanical strength compared to stock abutments. However, mechanical strength in all abutments tested was higher than average chewing forces reported in literature, thus components tested in this study can be expected to perform equally well in clinical situations without excessive force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan W. P. Pol
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Dental School, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco S. Cune
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryProsthodontics and Special Dental Care, St. Antonius hospital NieuwegeinNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Gerry M. Raghoebar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Lucas Z. Naves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henny J. A. Meijer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Steyer E, Theisen K, Hulla H, Ubaidha Maheen C, Sokolowski A, Lorenzoni M. Eleven- to fifteen-year outcome for two-piece implants with an internal tube-in-tube connection: a cross-sectional analysis of 245 implants. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:859-867. [PMID: 38315402 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-024-01215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of a two-piece implant system with a tube-in-tube internal connection after up to 15 years of clinical use. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective follow-up examination of patients treated with internal tube-in-tube implants between 2003 and 2006 was conducted. The implant survival rates, peri-implant conditions (marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing, plaque index, probing depth), and technical complications were determined. RESULTS In total, 312 dental implants were placed in 152 patients. Of the original 152 patients enrolled, 245 implants in 112 patients were available for a follow-up evaluation after 11 to 15 years (mean observation time, 12.9 ± 1.1 years). The overall implant survival rate was 93.9%. Outcomes for MBL (1.49 ± 1.23 mm), PI (24.3 ± 22.2%), BOP (18.3 ± 28.7%), and PD (2.74 ± 1.21 mm) were observed. Selected parameters (time after implant surgery, smoking habits, bone augmentation (GBR)) showed an influence on MBL and PD. CONCLUSIONS The internal tube-in-tube implant system showed favorable long-term results. The correlation of MBL and PD with the patient-specific factor smoking habit is in accordance with other studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Camlog Root-Line implants with a tube-in-tube implant-abutment connection and a 1.6-mm polished neck configuration have demonstrated favorable long-term outcomes in daily clinical practice. However, it is important to note that these implants are no longer available on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Steyer
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Theisen
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Helfried Hulla
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Private Practice Straß, Graz, Austria
| | - Ceeneena Ubaidha Maheen
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alwin Sokolowski
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Lorenzoni
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parnia F, Nourizadeh A, Shafiee E. Effect of implant‒abutment connections on abutment screw loosening: An in vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2024; 18:17-22. [PMID: 38881642 PMCID: PMC11179142 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.29883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of dental implants as a predictable treatment choice has drawn attention to their complications as a major challenge despite their high clinical success rates. In this context, loosening of the abutment screw in posterior single crowns is the most common problem; the use of adequate preload and proper anti-rotational features at implant‒abutment interface appear to be two main solutions to such a problem. The present study evaluated the effect of implant‒abutment connections in four different implant systems before and after cyclic loading. Methods Intra-Lock, Dentis, Xive, and Dio implant systems were used in this study. Each system underwent one million cycles of dynamic forces eight times with a magnitude of 110 N. For each specimen after tightening the screw with a torque of 32 Ncm, the detorque values were measured and recorded by a digital torquemeter after and before cyclic loading. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene's, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests. Results Initial detorque values between the study groups showed significant differences (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons showed significantly lower primary detorque values in the Dentis system compared to the three other systems (P<0.0001). After cyclic loading, significant differences were observed between the study groups (P<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons of the groups showed significant differences between all the systems after loading. Conclusion The type of implant‒abutment connection is an essential factor influencing the amount of abutment screw loosening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feridoun Parnia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Nourizadeh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Shafiee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Angermair J, Iglhaut G, Meyenberg K, Wiest W, Rack A, Zabler S, Fretwurst T, Nelson K, Kernen F. In vitro assessment of internal implant-abutment connections with different cone angles under static loading using synchrotron-based radiation. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:396. [PMID: 38549137 PMCID: PMC10976688 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of implant-abutment connection is crucial to minimize mechanical and biological complications. Therefore, an assessment of the microgap behavior and abutment displacement in different implant-abutment designs was performed. METHODS Four implant systems were tested, three with a conical implant-abutment connection based on friction fit and a cone angle < 12 ° (Medentika, Medentis, NobelActive) and a system with an angulated connection (< 40°) (Semados). In different static loading conditions (30 N - 90º, 100 N - 90º, 200 N - 30º) the microgap and abutment displacement was evaluated using synchrotron-based microtomography and phase-contrast radioscopy with numerical forward simulation of the optical Fresnel propagation yielding an accuracy down to 0.1 μm. RESULTS Microgaps were present in all implant systems prior to loading (0.15-9 μm). Values increased with mounting force and angle up to 40.5 μm at an off axis loading of 100 N in a 90° angle. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the implant-abutment connection with a large cone angle (45°), the conical connections based on a friction fit (small cone angles with < 12°) demonstrated an abutment displacement which resulted in a deformation of the outer implant wall. The design of the implant-abutment connection seems to be crucial for the force distribution on the implant wall which might influence peri-implant bone stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Iglhaut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Wiest
- Chair of X-ray Microscopy LRM, University Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rack
- Experiments Division, ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Zabler
- Deggendorf Institute of Technology DIT, Dieter-Görlitz-Platz 2, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kernen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stavropoulos A, Bertl K, Isidor F, Vult von Steyern P. Implantoplasty and the risk of fracture of narrow implants with advanced bone loss: A laboratory study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:1038-1046. [PMID: 37464268 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of implantoplasty (IP) on maximum implant failure strength of narrow diameter implants of different type/design and material, with simulated advanced bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Narrow, parallel-walled implants (3.3 mm in diameter × 10 mm long) with an internal connection of different type/design [bone level (BL), tissue level (TL)] and material [Titanium grade IV (Ti), Titanium-Zirconium alloy (TiZr)] from one specific manufacturer were used. Half of the implants were subjected to IP in their coronal 5 mm; the remaining were used as controls (seven implants per group). Dynamic loading prior to maximum load strength testing was included. RESULTS During dynamic loading, the fracture rate of BL implants was low and independent of IP, while that of TL implants increased significantly with IP compared with controls (p = .001). Maximum implant failure strength reduction (in %) due to IP, was 1.3%-25.4%; TiZr BL implants were least affected. Implants subjected to IP compared to those without IP as well as TL implants compared to BL implants showed a significantly lower maximum implant failure strength (p < .002); implant material was not significant (p = .845). CONCLUSIONS Based on data from implants of one specific manufacturer, IP has a significant negative impact on the fracture strength of narrow implants suffering from advanced peri-implantitis. TL implants have been more severely affected compared to BL implants and presented an increased risk for failure during normal chewing forces. In addition, this negative impact of IP on TL implants was independent of the implant material (i.e., Ti or TiZr). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Narrow single TL implants with advanced horizontal bone loss (e.g., 5 mm), when subjected to IP, appear to have an increased fracture risk during normal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Bertl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flemming Isidor
- Section for Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Vult von Steyern
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, NIOM, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Odontology, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bijjargi SP, Awinashe V, Kashyap R, Archana, Qattan AA, Choudhury GK, Jerry JJ, Ramaiah VV. Assessment of Static and Dynamic Load Tolerance of the Implant Mounts on its Particular Implant. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S1129-S1131. [PMID: 37694013 PMCID: PMC10485438 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_192_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We compared the loads at which the implant holders from Astra Tech (AST) (AstraOsseoSpeed) and Osseotite Certain failed under static compression after experiencing fatigue, as well as the gap that resulted from dynamic loading between the implant-holder complexes. Materials and Method The ISO 14801 recommendation served as the foundation for the test protocol. Each brand's five implant-implant holder assemblies underwent dynamic loading. A load of 200 N was applied at a stress frequency of 12 Hz and a cycle rate of 5105. (Eden Prairie, MN, USA). Using scanning electron microscopy (S3700N, HITACHI, Japan), the gap (m) at the interface was measured post-fatigue. Static loading was then used to determine the highest load (N) after the point of failure. Controls included definitive abutment-implant complexes. Statistics were used to analyze the data. Result The Osseotite Certain group showed a slight trend toward greater resistance, but there was no diversity among the two implant holder groups (P 0.05). AST (AstraOsseoSpeed) implants had a larger interface gap, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion With respect to greatest compression load or the interface gap following dynamic loading, there were no discernible differences between the two experimental groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya P Bijjargi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Awinashe
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rucha Kashyap
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Archana
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Department, Autonomous State Medical College, Etah, UP, India
| | - Ahmed Abdulmohsen Qattan
- Registrar, Department of Family Dentistry, MOH, Dental Clinic Complex West of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gopal Krishna Choudhury
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jeethu John Jerry
- Department of Periodontology, Malabar Dental College and Research, Malapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vardarajula Venkata Ramaiah
- Department of Dental Hygienec, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhai Z, Nakano T, Chen Y, Watanabe S, Matsuoka T, Ishigaki S. Implant deformation and implant-abutment fracture resistance after standardized artificial aging: An in vitro study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2023; 25:107-117. [PMID: 36415012 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Zirconia abutments have been widely adopted in clinical implant practice. The unique mechanical properties of zirconia may significantly affect the long-term prognosis of implant treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of abutment material on implant deformation and fracture resistance of internal conical connection implant-abutment complexes of two diameters after standardized artificial aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty original abutments (one-piece titanium, one-piece zirconia, zirconia with alloy base) with two diameters (regular, narrow) were connected to internal conical connection implants and subjected to a standardized artificial aging process consisting of thermal cycling and mechanical cyclic loading. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans of implant bodies were performed before and after aging. 3-dimensional images of implant bodies were generated from the μCT scans and aligned for before and after aging to calculate the volumetric deformation amount. Finally, fracture resistance was measured using a mechanical static loading test for the surviving aged and 30 brand-new specimens. RESULTS All specimens survived artificial aging. No significant difference in implant deformation was found in the regular groups (p = 0.095). In narrow groups, the one-piece zirconia group showed significantly less deformation (p < 0.0001). For fracture resistance, no significant decrease was observed after aging in any group (p > 0.05). One-piece zirconia abutments showed significantly lower strength than the other two materials for both diameters (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In the regular diameter system, abutment material had no significant influence on the tested mechanical property degradation after simulated long-term oral use. The mechanical performance of narrow diameter one-piece zirconia abutments differed from the other two materials. For optimal performance, one-piece zirconia abutments should be adopted only in anterior regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhai
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Watanabe
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuoka
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishigaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bianchini MA, Junior NDB, Dedavid BA, De Aza PN, Gehrke SA. Comparative analysis of the mechanical limits of resistance in implant/abutment set of a new implant design: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280684. [PMID: 36662887 PMCID: PMC9858081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the resistance on quasi-static forces and in the fatigue mechanical cycling of a new implant design compared to two other conventional implant designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-eight implants with their respective abutments were tested and distributed into four groups (n = 22 per group): Morse taper connection implant (MT group), conventional external hexagon implant (EH con group), new Collo implant of external hexagon with the smooth portion out of the bone insertion (EH out group), and new Collo implant of external hexagon with the implant platform inserted to the bone level (EH bl group). All the sets were subjected to quasi-static loading in a universal testing machine, and we measured the maximum resistance force supported by each sample. Another 12 samples from each group were submitted to the cyclic fatigue test at 4 intensities of forces (n = 3 per force): 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%. The number of cycles supported by each sample at each force intensity was evaluated. RESULTS The three groups of implants with external hexagon connection had similar maximum strength values of the sets (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, samples from the MT group showed the highest resistance values in comparison to the other three groups (p < 0.05). In the fatigue test, the Collo out group supported a smaller number of cycles that led to the fracture than the other 3 groups proposed at loads of 80%, 60%, and 40%, and only at the load value of 20% all groups had the same performance. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, the results showed that the new Collo implant performs better when installed at bone level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Bianchini
- Post-Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Berenice Anina Dedavid
- Department of Materials Engineering, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Piedad N. De Aza
- Instituto de Bioingenieria, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Department of Materials Engineering, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioingenieria, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun F, Lv LT, Cheng W, Zhang JL, Ba DC, Song GQ, Lin Z. Effect of Loading Angles and Implant Lengths on the Static and Fatigue Fractures of Dental Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5542. [PMID: 34639935 PMCID: PMC8509834 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties play a key role in the failure of dental implants. Dental implants require fatigue life testing before clinical application, but this process takes a lot of time. This study investigated the effect of various loading angles and implant lengths on the static fracture and fatigue life of dental implants. Implants with lengths of 9 mm and 11 mm were prepared. Static fracture tests and dynamic fatigue life tests were performed under three loading angles (30°, 40°, and 50°), and the level arm and bending moment were measured. After that, the fracture morphology and fracture mode of the implant were observed. The results showed that 9 mm length implants have a higher static failure load and can withstand greater bending moments, while 11 mm length implants have a longer fatigue life. In addition, as the loading angle increases, the static strength and bending moment decrease linearly, and the fatigue life shows an exponential decrease at a rate of three times. Increasing the loading angle reduces the time of the implant fatigue test, which may be an effective method to improve the efficiency of the experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Implant Device and Interface Science of Liaoning Province, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (F.S.); (L.-T.L.); (W.C.); (J.-L.Z.); (D.-C.B.); (G.-Q.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basgil MC, Kurtoglu C, Soygun K, Uslan Y, Demi R T. Dynamic and static load performance of dental biomaterial systems with conical implant-abutment connections. Biomed Mater Eng 2020; 31:319-328. [PMID: 33136087 DOI: 10.3233/bme-206008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of the implant-abutment interface is an important factor that influences load distribution on the marginal bone. OBJECTIVE In this study, three dental implants with the same connection were subjected to different dynamic loading cycles. The fracture strengths and the horizontal compatibility of implants were assessed. METHODS Eighty four implant specimens were embedded in a polyacetal cylinder as simulated bone loss of 3 mm from the implant platform. Three of the implants were used to determine the endurance limit. The other specimens were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 6): three for dynamic + static loading, and one for static loading (control group). The tests were performed by applying a compression load. The dynamic loading experiments included three different cycles with endurance upper limit loads at a frequency of 10 Hz. RESULTS The differences between the fracture strength values of the implant brands were found to be statistically significant. However, there were no meaningful differences between the fracture strength values of implants of the same brand. The specimens of the DTI implant system had the lowest strength (647.9 ± 41.5 N) and the SEM analysis indicated that the Implantium implant system had the shortest horizontal gaps. CONCLUSIONS There was a negative correlation between the fracture strengths and size of the microgaps. The importance of these in vitro results needs to be validated by clinical trials because the loads in the mouth can be applied from various angles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Can Basgil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul Okmeydani Dental Health Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Kurtoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Koray Soygun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yunus Uslan
- Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Teyfik Demi R
- Mechanical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
External Connection versus Internal Connection in Dental Implantology. A Mechanical in vitro Study. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In today's dentistry, implantology has become a therapeutic resource of choice in certain clinical situations. The design of implants has evolved in several aspects since their inception. Dental implants were initially designed with an external hex connection, although due to force transmission and security in the adjustment of the prosthesis, later implants featured an internal hex connection. This study aims to analyse the mechanical properties of two types of implants (an internal connection and an external connection) from the same manufacturer and their different prosthetic components (union screw between implant and prosthetic abutment, and the abutment itself) when subjected to different types of load. (2) Materials and methods: Intraosseous dental implants of similar shape, design and size, although different in type of connection (external vs. internal), were studied. The specifications of the UNI EN ISO 14801 test standard were used, with all determinations being carried out three times. Finally, the dimensional characterisation of the samples analysed after the dynamic load study was carried out, and the values of both study groups were compared by means of the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to find statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). (3) Results: For the static characterisation test, we found between 610.9 N and 986.1 N for the external connection and between 1263.6 N and 1324 N for the internal connection (p = 0.011). All of the dynamic load tests were positive and there was no failure in any of the components studied. (4) Conclusions: After the analysis of the samples studied in vitro, satisfactory results were obtained, demonstrating that both connections can support considerable mechanical loads according to international standards (UNI EN ISO 14801).
Collapse
|
13
|
Farronato D, Manfredini M, Stevanello A, Campana V, Azzi L, Farronato M. A Comparative 3D Finite Element Computational Study of Three Connections. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193135. [PMID: 31561421 PMCID: PMC6803952 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Masticatory overload on dental implants is one of the causes of marginal bone resorption. The implant–abutment connection (IAC) design plays a critical role in the quality of the stress distribution, and, over the years, different designs were proposed. This study aimed to assess the mechanical behavior of three different types of IAC using a finite element model (FEM) analysis. Three types of two-piece implants were designed: two internal conical connection designs (models A and B) and one internal flat-to-flat connection design (model C). This three-dimensional analysis evaluated the response to static forces on the three models. The strain map, stress analysis, and safety factor were assessed by means of the FEM examination. The FEM analysis indicated that forces are transmitted on the abutment and implant’s neck in model B. In models A and C, forces were distributed along the internal screw, abutment areas, and implant’s neck. The stress distribution in model B showed a more homogeneous pattern, such that the peak forces were reduced. The conical shape of the head of the internal screw in model B seems to have a keystone role in transferring the forces at the surrounding structures. Further experiments should be carried out in order to confirm the present suppositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Farronato
- School of Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Stevanello
- School of Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Veronica Campana
- School of Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Azzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Unit of Oral Pathology, Dental Clinic, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Marco Farronato
- IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda, University of Milan, Via francesco Sforza 28, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee JH, Cha HS. Screw loosening and changes in removal torque relative to abutment screw length in a dental implant with external abutment connection after oblique cyclic loading. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:415-421. [PMID: 30584470 PMCID: PMC6302080 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.6.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of abutment screw lengths on screw loosening and removal torque in external connection implants after oblique cyclic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS External connection implants were secured with abutment screws to straight abutments. The abutment-implant assemblies were classified into seven groups based on the abutment screw length, with each group consisting of five assemblies. A cyclic load of 300 N was applied at a 30° angle to the loading axis until one million cycles were achieved. Removal torque values (RTVs) before and after loading, and RTV differences were evaluated. The measured values were analyzed using repeated measures of analysis of variance with the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons. RESULTS All assemblies survived the oblique cyclic loading test without screw loosening. There was a significant decrease in the RTVs throughout the observed abutment screw lengths when the abutment-implant assemblies were loaded repeatedly (P<.001). However, the abutment screw length did not show significant difference on the RTVs before and after the experiment when the abutment screw length ranged from 1.4 to 3.8 mm (P=.647). CONCLUSION Within the limit of this experiment, our results indicate that the abutment screw length did not significantly affect RTV differences after oblique cyclic loading when a minimum length of 1.4 mm (3.5 threads) was engaged. These findings suggest that short abutment screws may yield stable clinical outcomes comparable to long screws in terms of load resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Cha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior in Dental Implants from In Vitro Clinical Tests: A Systematic Review. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Lee JH, Lee W, Huh YH, Park CJ, Cho LR. Impact of Intentional Overload on Joint Stability of Internal Implant-Abutment Connection System with Different Diameter. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e649-e656. [PMID: 28872722 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the axial displacement of the implant-abutment assembly of different implant diameter after static and cyclic loading of overload condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS An internal conical connection system with three diameters (Ø 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0) applying identical abutment dimension and the same abutment screw was evaluated. Axial displacement of abutment and reverse torque loss of abutment screw were evaluated under static and cyclic loading conditions. Static loading test groups were subjected to vertical static loading of 250, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 N consecutively. Cyclic loading test groups were subjected to 500 N cyclic loading to evaluate the effect of excessive masticatory loading. After abutment screw tightening for 30 Ncm, axial displacement was measured upon 1, 3, 10, and 1,000,000 cyclic loadings of 500 N. Repeated-measure ANOVA and 2-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS The increasing magnitude of vertical load and thinner wall thickness of implant increased axial displacement of abutment and reverse torque loss of abutment screw (p < 0.05). Implants in the Ø 5.0 diameter group demonstrated significantly low axial displacement, and reverse torque loss after static loading than Ø 4.0 and Ø 4.5 diameter groups (p < 0.05). In the cyclic loading test, all diameter groups of implant showed significant axial displacement after 1 cycle of loading of 500 N (p < 0.05). There was no significant axial displacement after 3, 10, or 1,000,000 cycles of loading (p = 0.603). CONCLUSIONS Implants with Ø 5.0 diameter demonstrated significantly low axial displacement and reverse torque loss after the cyclic and static loading of overload condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.,Department of Dentistry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Won Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyuk Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Lee-Ra Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mechanical Reliability Evaluation of an Oral Implant-Abutment System According to UNI EN ISO 14801 Fatigue Test Protocol. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 25:613-8. [PMID: 27548107 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical reliability of a dental implant system by testing its maximum fracture load and mechanical performance under cyclic fatigue stress. METHODS An experimental study according to the international standards (UNI EN ISO 14801: 2008) was performed using 13 implants (3.80 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length) with straight titanium abutments tightened to 30 N. Five samples were subjected to compression stress at break. Based on the mean fracture load value obtained in this test, the levels of dynamic loading range were set and were carried on at a frequency of 15 Hz for 5 × 10 cycles. RESULTS The compression stress at break mean value of the tested implants was 430 N (SD ± 35.66 N). In the mechanical fatigue stress test, the fatigue limit for 5 × 10 load cycles was 172 N. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated implant system proved to withstand considerable mechanical loads under the "worst-case" loading situation performed according to UNI EN ISO 14801 standard. The reliability of this test protocol makes it suitable to be accomplished for understanding and comparing mechanical properties of implant systems.
Collapse
|
18
|
Paepoemsin T, Reichart PA, Chaijareenont P, Strietzel FP, Khongkhunthian P. Removal torque evaluation of three different abutment screws for single implant restorations after mechanical cyclic loading. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:213-221. [PMID: 28042450 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal torque of three different abutment screws and pull out strength of implant-abutment connection for single implant restorations after mechanical cyclic loading. METHODS The study was performed in accordance with ISO 14801:2007. Three implant groups (n=15) were used: group A, PW Plus® with flat head screw; group B, PW Plus® with tapered screw; and group C, Conelog® with flat head screw. All groups had the same implant-abutment connection feature: cone with mandatory index. All screws were tightened with manufacturer's recommended torque. Ten specimens in each group underwent cyclic loading (1×106 cycles, 10 Hz, and 250 N). Then, all specimens were un-tightened, measured for the removal torque, and underwent a tensile test. The force that dislodged abutment from implant fixture was recorded. The data were analysed using independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. RESULTS Before cyclic loading, removal torque in groups A, B and C were significantly different (B> A> C, P<.05). After cyclic loading, removal torque in all groups decreased significantly (P<.05). Group C revealed significantly less removal torque than groups A and B (P<.005). Tensile force in all groups significantly increased after cyclic loading (P<.05), group A had significantly less tensile force than groups B and C (P<.005). CONCLUSIONS Removal torque reduced significantly after cyclic loading. Before cyclic loading, tapered screws maintained more preload than did flat head screws. After cyclic loading, tapered and flat head screws maintained even amounts of preload. The tensile force that dislodged abutment from implant fixture increased immensely after cyclic loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Paepoemsin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P A Reichart
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Radiology and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charite - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Chaijareenont
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - F P Strietzel
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Radiology and Oral Surgery, Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charite - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park SJ, Lee SW, Leesungbok R, Ahn SJ. Influence of the connection design and titanium grades of the implant complex on resistance under static loading. J Adv Prosthodont 2016; 8:388-395. [PMID: 27826389 PMCID: PMC5099131 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2016.8.5.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to deformation under static overloading by measuring yield and fracture strength, and to analyze the failure characteristics of implant assemblies made of different titanium grades and connections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six groups of implant assemblies were fabricated according to ISO 14801 (n=10). These consisted of the combinations of 3 platform connections (external, internal, and morse tapered) and 2 materials (titanium grade 2 and titanium grade 4). Yield strength and fracture strength were evaluated with a computer-controlled Universal Testing Machine, and failed implant assemblies were classified and analyzed by optical microscopy. The data were analyzed using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test with the level of significance at P=.05. RESULTS The group IT4S had the significantly highest values and group IT2 the lowest, for both yield strength and fracture strength. Groups IT4N and ET4 had similar yield and fracture strengths despite having different connection designs. Group MT2 and group IT2 had significant differences in yield and fracture strength although they were made by the same material as titanium grade 2. The implant system of the similar fixture-abutment interfaces and the same materials showed the similar characteristics of deformation. CONCLUSION A longer internal connection and titanium grade 4 of the implant system is advantageous for static overloading condition. However, it is not only the connection design that affects the stability. The strength of the titanium grade as material is also important since it affects the implant stability. When using the implant system made of titanium grade 2, a larger diameter fixture should be selected in order to provide enough strength to withstand overloading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Park
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
GOIS-SANTOS VTD, TRENTO CL, SANTOS SVD, SANTOS RCS, SANTOS VS, GRIZA S. Analysis of resistance to fatigue between straight solid and anatomic abutments of Morse taper system. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.08216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background The study of the phenomenon of fatigue is essential because implant failures usually are caused by this process. Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the fatigue resistance of straight and anatomical abutments joints that were submitted to cyclic loads. Material and method We used 37 Morse taper implants and 37 abutments, divided into two groups (n= 16: straight abutment, n= 21 anatomical abutment). The sets were submitted to cyclic loading (5 million) using servo-hydraulic equipment. Three sets from each group were subjected to bending tests to determine the maximum load resistance, which served as the parameter for comparison of the cyclic tests. We evaluated number of cycles, load and bending moment. Result Of the 31 abutments cyclically tested, 17 (54.8%) fractured in fewer than 5 million cycles; 8 (25.8%) of these were straight abutments, and 9 (29%) were anatomical. A total of 14 samples (45.2%) resisted the cyclic loading. According to Fisher's exact test, there was no difference between groups as the fracture. Conclusion Despite of the straight abutments have higher average load and bending moment on the anatomical, both types of abutments showed similar performance as the fracture strength in vitro.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fracture strength of implant abutments after fatigue testing: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:333-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Suzuki H, Hata Y, Watanabe F. Implant fracture under dynamic fatigue loading: influence of embedded angle and depth of implant. Odontology 2015; 104:357-62. [PMID: 26698312 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between implant fracture under cyclic-fatigue loading at different embedding angles, embedding depths, and loading forces. Twenty-four cylinder-type implants 3.3 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were used. Test specimens were 30 mm(3) resin blocks with one surfaces inclined at angles of either 5°, 10°, 15° and 20° and embedded vertically with implants at depths of either 5 or 10 mm to the these surfaces. A straight abutment was connected to the implant and cut to 5 mm in length, and a hemispherical crown 5 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length was cast with a 12 % gold-silver-palladium alloy and cemented onto the abutment. Each specimen was mounted onto a fatigue loading device to apply repeated vertical loads of 294, 392, and 490 N to the coronal edge of the crown 60 times per min until reaching 100,000 cycles. For each respective specimen, we recorded the combined conditions of embedding and loading forces and the number of loading cycles until fracture, and then observed the fracture sites microscopically. The number of loading cycles until implant fracture tended to decrease in proportion to increased loading forces and embedded angles, and decreased embedded depths. Implant fracture was observed at angles of inclination over 10°. For specimens with an implant embedded at a depth of 5 mm, almost all fractures occurred at the center of the implant body; however, for those embedded at a depth of 10 mm, fractures occurred at the interface between the implant body and the abutment. These results demonstrate that implant fracture is associated with the loading axis, the amount of loading, and the embedded depth of the implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Hamaura-chou 1-8, Chuuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hata
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Hamaura-chou 1-8, Chuuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Watanabe
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Hamaura-chou 1-8, Chuuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wiest W, Zabler S, Rack A, Fella C, Balles A, Nelson K, Schmelzeisen R, Hanke R. In situ microradioscopy and microtomography of fatigue-loaded dental two-piece implants. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1492-7. [PMID: 26524314 PMCID: PMC4629868 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515015763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron real-time radioscopy and in situ microtomography are the only techniques providing direct visible information on a micrometre scale of local deformation in the implant-abutment connection (IAC) during and after cyclic loading. The microgap formation at the IAC has been subject to a number of studies as it has been proposed to be associated with long-term implant success. The next step in this scientific development is to focus on the in situ fatigue procedure of two-component dental implants. Therefore, an apparatus has been developed which is optimized for the in situ fatigue analysis of dental implants. This report demonstrates both the capability of in situ radioscopy and microtomography at the ID19 beamline for the study of cyclic deformation in dental implants. The first results show that it is possible to visualize fatigue loading of dental implants in real-time radioscopy in addition to the in situ fatigue tomography. For the latter, in situ microtomography is applied during the cyclic loading cycles in order to visualize the opening of the IAC microgap. These results concur with previous ex situ studies on similar systems. The setup allows for easily increasing the bending force, to simulate different chewing situations, and is, therefore, a versatile tool for examining the fatigue processes of dental implants and possibly other specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Wiest
- Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Zabler
- Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Centre – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Centre – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Randolf Hanke
- Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer EZRT, Fürth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Watanabe F, Hiroyasu K, Ueda K. The fracture strength by a torsion test at the implant-abutment interface. Int J Implant Dent 2015; 1:25. [PMID: 27747647 PMCID: PMC5005730 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-015-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fractured connections between implants and implant abutments or abutment screws are frequently encountered in a clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate fracture strength using a torsion test at the interface between the implant and the abutment. Methods Thirty screw-type implant with diameters of 3.3, 3.8, 4.3, 5.0, and 6.0 mm were submitted to a torsion test. Implants of each size were connected to abutments with abutment screws tightened to 20 N · cm. Mechanical stress was applied with a rotational speed of 3.6 °/min until fracture occurred, and maximum torque (fracture torque) and torsional yield strength were measured. The mean values were calculated and then compared using Tukey’s test. The abutments were then removed, and the implant-abutment interfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result No significant differences in mean fracture torque were found among 3.3, 3.8, and 4.3 mm-diameter implants, but significant differences were found between these sizes and 5.0 and 6.0 mm-diameter implants (p < 0.01). Concerning mean torsional yield strength, significant differences were found between 3.3, 3.8, and 4.3 mm-diameter and 5.0 and 6.0 mm-diameter implants (p < 0.01). Observations under the SEM showed that all the projections of the abutment corresponding to the internal notches of the implant body had been destroyed. Conclusions Smaller diameter implants demonstrated lower fracture torque and torsional yield strength than implants with larger diameters. In internal tube-in-tube connections, three abutment projections corresponding to rotation-prevention notches were destroyed in each implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Watanabe
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 951-8580 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Hiroyasu
- Oral Implant Care Unit Niigata Hospital, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ueda
- Oral Implant Care Unit Niigata Hospital, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beuer F, Sachs C, Groesser J, Gueth JF, Stimmelmayr M. Tooth-implant-supported posterior fixed dental prostheses with zirconia frameworks: 3-year clinical result. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Messias A, Rocha S, Calha N, Neto MA, Nicolau P, Guerra F. Effect of intentional abutment disconnection on the micro-movements of the implant-abutment assembly: a 3D digital image correlation analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 28:9-16. [PMID: 25943536 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implant-abutment assembly stability is critical for the success of implant-supported rehabilitation. The intentional removal of the prosthetic components may hamper the achievement of the essential stability due to preload reduction in the screw joint and implant-screw mating surface changes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of intentional abutment disconnection and reconnection in the stability of internal locking hex implants and corresponding abutments using the method of 3D digital image correlation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten conical shape and internal hexagon connection implants were embedded in acrylic resin and assembled to prosthetic abutments with 30 Ncm torque and assigned to two groups: group 1 - tested for static load-bearing capacity at 30° off-axis for two times and group 2 - underwent intentional disconnection and reconnection between tests. Micro-movements were captured with two high-speed photographic cameras and analyzed with video correlation system in three spacial axes U, V and W. Screw abutment and internal implant thread morphology was observed with a field-emission scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS After the intentional disconnection of the abutment, group 2 showed generally higher maximum displacements for U and V directions. Under 50N load, mean difference was 24.7 μm (P = 0.008) for U direction and -7.7 μm (P = 0.008) for V direction. No significant differences were found for maximum and minimum displacements in the W direction. Mean displacement of the speckle surface presented was statistically different in the two groups (P = 0.016). SEM revealed non-homogenous screw surfaces with scoring on group 2 plus striations and debris in the implant threads. CONCLUSION Micro-movements were higher for the group submitted to intentional disconnection and reconnection of the abutment, particularly under average bite forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Messias
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Salomão Rocha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Calha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Augusta Neto
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nicolau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Guerra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Santos VTDG, Trento CL, Santos PRS, Siqueira ADS, Santos SVD, Griza S. Análise da resistência à fratura entre pilares retos e angulados do sistema cone Morse. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Analisar a resistência à fratura por fadiga dos conjuntos implante-pilar, nos tipos reto e angulado, submetidos a cargas cíclicas similares às mastigatórias. Material e método Foram utilizados 32 implantes (3,75 × 11 mm) com sistema cone Morse e 32 pilares, separados em dois grupos: pilares retos e angulados (n=16) (Neodent, Curitiba, PR, Brasil). Os conjuntos foram submetidos a testes cíclicos em equipamento servo-hidráulico, fixando-se o número de ciclos em cinco milhões. Foram avaliados: número de ciclos, carga e momento de força das amostras. O Teste de Fisher e o Teste ANOVA foram aplicados (p<0,005). Amostras fraturadas foram analisadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Resultado Dos pilares retos, quatro resistiram ao número de ciclos estabelecidos, suportando cargas entre 470 N e 510 N. No grupo dos angulados, nove amostras resistiram a cargas entre 570 N e 890 N. Quanto às amostras fraturadas abaixo do número de ciclos, no grupo pilar reto, nove fraturaram com cargas entre 470 N e 630 N. No grupo pilar angulado, cinco amostras fraturaram com cargas entre 760 N e 890 N. Foi calculado, para cada conjunto implante-pilar, o momento de força (Médias: Grupo reto – 4.335,2 Nmm, Grupo angulado – 3.923,3 Nmm). Conclusão Os dois tipos de pilares (retos e angulados), em condições in vitro, comportaram-se estatisticamente de forma semelhante, sendo aceita a hipótese nula de que não há diferença de resistência à fratura entre os grupos.
Collapse
|
28
|
Evaluation of an Endosseous Oral Implant System According to UNI EN ISO 14801 Fatigue Test Protocol. IMPLANT DENT 2014; 23:665-71. [PMID: 25290279 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Delben JA, Barão VA, Ferreira MB, da Silva NR, Thompson VP, Assunção WG. Influence of abutment-to-fixture design on reliability and failure mode of all-ceramic crown systems. Dent Mater 2014; 30:408-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Ugurel CS, Steiner M, Isik-Ozkol G, Kutay O, Kern M. Mechanical resistance of screwless morse taper and screw-retained implant-abutment connections. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 26:137-42. [PMID: 24313278 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The screwless morse taper (SMT) implant-abutment connection is an alternative to conventional external or internal screw-retained (ISR) connections. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate mechanical resistance of the SMT connection and to compare it with three different ISR connections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four implant systems were tested in this study: SMT system; Tasarimmed Octo (Istanbul, Turkey), ISR systems; Straumann Bone Level (Basel, Switzerland), Biohorizons Internal (Birmingham, AL, USA), and Dentsply Friadent Xive (Mannheim, Germany). Overall, 64 specimens with stylized single crowns were prepared: 32 for dynamic loading (DL) and 32 for static loading (SL). DL was carried out using a chewing simulator with 120 N at 1.75 Hz for 1.2 × 10(6) cycles, and SL was performed with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min with an angulation of 30°. Cycles until failure from DL and fracture/bending loads at SL were recorded. Statistical analyses were made with Dunn's multiple comparison. RESULTS Median cycles until failure in DL were as follows: Octo 86,354 (24,810-153,875), Straumann 1,200,000 (1,156,618-1,200,000), Biohorizons 539,719 (437,224-858,732), Xive 139,411 (139,411-139,411). Median fracture/bending loads in Newton at SL were as follows: Octo 429.6 (404.5-482.7), Straumann 574.6 (544.6-629.9), Biohorizons 548.7 (532.9-567.3), Xive 431.5 (412.5-520.5). There were significant differences between the implant systems under both loading conditions (P ≤ 0.05) revealing that the Octo implant system's SMT connection showed significantly lower cycles to failures and lower fracture/bending loads compared with the ISR connections of the Straumann and Biohorizons implant systems. However, there was no significant difference compared with the Xive implant system. CONCLUSION The mechanical resistance of the screwless morse taper implant system is lower than that of the ISR implant systems that might result in more frequent clinical complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Sadi Ugurel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Canullo L, Coelho PG, Bonfante EA. Mechanical testing of thin-walled zirconia abutments. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:20-4. [PMID: 23559107 PMCID: PMC3881805 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the use of zirconia abutments for implant-supported restorations has gained momentum with the increasing demand for esthetics, little informed design rationale has been developed to characterize their fatigue behavior under different clinical scenarios. However, to prevent the zirconia from fracturing, the use of a titanium connection in bi-component aesthetic abutments has been suggested. OBJECTIVE Mechanical testing of customized thin-walled titanium-zirconia abutments at the connection with the implant was performed in order to characterize the fatigue behavior and the failure modes for straight and angled abutments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty custom-made bi-component abutments were tested according to ISO 14801:2007 either at a straight or a 25° angle inclination (n=10 each group). Fatigue was conducted at 15 Hz for 5 million cycles in dry conditions at 20°C±5°C. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each group. All comparisons were performed by t-tests assuming unequal variances. The level of statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Failed samples were inspected in a polarized-light and then in a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Straight and angled abutments mean maximum load was 296.7 N and 1,145 N, the dynamic loading mean Fmax was 237.4 N and 240.7 N, respectively. No significant differences resulted between the straight and angled bi-component abutments in both static (p=0.253) and dynamic testing (p=0.135). A significant difference in the bending moment required for fracture was detected between the groups (p=0.01). Fractures in the angled group occurred mainly at the point of load application, whereas in the straight abutments, fractures were located coronally and close to the thinly designed areas at the cervical region. CONCLUSION Angled or straight thin-walled zirconia abutments presented similar Fmax under fatigue testing despite the different bending moments required for fracture. The main implication is that although zirconia angled or straight abutments presented similar mechanical behavior, the failure mode tended to be more catastrophic in straight (fracture at the cervical region) compared to angled abutments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Canullo
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nicoll RJ, Sun A, Haney S, Turkyilmaz I. Precision of fit between implant impression coping and implant replica pairs for three implant systems. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 109:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(13)60008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Reliability evaluation of alumina-blasted/acid-etched versus laser-sintered dental implants. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:851-8. [PMID: 22843309 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) and fractographic analysis were performed to evaluate the reliability and failure modes of dental implant fabricated by machining (surface treated with alumina blasting/acid etching) or laser sintering for anterior single-unit replacements. Forty-two dental implants (3.75 × 10 mm) were divided in two groups (n=21 each): laser sintered (LS) and alumina blasting/acid etching (AB/AE). The abutments were screwed to the implants and standardized maxillary central incisor metallic crowns were cemented and subjected to SSALT in water. Use-level probability Weibull curves and reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 200 N were calculated. Polarized light and scanning electron microscopes were used for failure analyses. The Beta (β) value derived from use-level probability Weibull calculation of 1.48 for group AB/AE indicated that damage accumulation likely was an accelerating factor, whereas the β of 0.78 for group LS indicated that load alone likely dictated the failure mechanism for this group, and that fatigue damage did not appear to accumulate. The reliability was not significantly different (p>0.9) between AB/AE (61 %) and LS (62 %). Fracture of the abutment and fixation screw was the chief failure mode. No implant fractures were observed. No differences in reliability and fracture mode were observed between LS and AB/AE implants used for anterior single-unit crowns.
Collapse
|
34
|
KOYAMA T, SATO T, YOSHINARI M. Cyclic fatigue resistance of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals with hot isostatic press processing. Dent Mater J 2012. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|