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Vuong B, Jacinto AI, Chang SB, Kuehner GE, Savitz AC. Contemporary Review of the Management and Treatment of Young Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2024:S1526-8209(24)00148-4. [PMID: 38972829 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 11% of all new breast cancer cases annually are diagnosed in young women, and this continues to be the leading cause of death in women age 20 to 49. Young, premenopausal breast cancer patients present with more advanced stages and with a higher proportion of aggressive subtypes such as triple negative and HER2-enriched tumors. Recently, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lowered the age threshold to initiate screening mammograms to age 40 to aid in earlier detection. Young age at diagnosis increases the likelihood for a pathogenic mutation, and genetic testing is recommended for all patients age 50 and younger. This population is often underrepresented in landmark clinical trials, and data is extrapolated for the treatment of young women with breast cancer. Despite there being no survival benefit to more extensive surgical treatments, such as mastectomy or contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, many patients opt against breast conservation. Young patients with breast cancer face issues related to treatment toxicities, potential overtreatment of their disease, mental health, sexual health, and fertility preservation. This unique population requires a multidisciplinary care team of physicians, surgeons, genetic counselors, fertility specialists, mental health professionals, physical therapists, and dieticians to provide individualized, comprehensive care. Our aim is to (1) provide a narrative review of retrospective studies, relevant society guidelines, and clinical trials focused on the contemporary treatment and management of YBC patients and (2) discuss important nuances in their care as a guide for members of their multidisciplinary treatment team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Vuong
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA.
| | - Ana I Jacinto
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sharon B Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA
| | - Gillian E Kuehner
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, CA
| | - Alison C Savitz
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA
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Chan DS, Vieira R, Abar L, Aune D, Balducci K, Cariolou M, Greenwood DC, Markozannes G, Nanu N, Becerra‐Tomás N, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Jackson AA, Kampman E, Lund V, Allen K, Brockton NT, Croker H, Katsikioti D, McGinley‐Gieser D, Mitrou P, Wiseman M, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Clinton SK, McTiernan A, Norat T, Tsilidis KK. Postdiagnosis body fatness, weight change and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Program (CUP global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:572-599. [PMID: 36279884 PMCID: PMC10092239 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence on postdiagnosis body fatness and mortality after breast cancer was graded as limited-suggestive. To evaluate the evidence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and weight change in relation to breast cancer prognosis, an updated systematic review was conducted. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies published up to 31 October, 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate summary relative risks (RRs). The evidence was judged by an independent Expert Panel using pre-defined grading criteria. One randomized controlled trial and 225 observational studies were reviewed (220 publications). There was strong evidence (likelihood of causality: probable) that higher postdiagnosis BMI was associated with increased all-cause mortality (64 studies, 32 507 deaths), breast cancer-specific mortality (39 studies, 14 106 deaths) and second primary breast cancer (11 studies, 5248 events). The respective summary RRs and 95% confidence intervals per 5 kg/m2 BMI were 1.07 (1.05-1.10), 1.10 (1.06-1.14) and 1.14 (1.04-1.26), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 56%, 60%, 66%), but generally consistent positive associations. Positive associations were also observed for waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. There was limited-suggestive evidence that postdiagnosis BMI was associated with higher risk of recurrence, nonbreast cancer deaths and cardiovascular deaths. The evidence for postdiagnosis (unexplained) weight or BMI change and all outcomes was graded as limited-no conclusion. The RCT showed potential beneficial effect of intentional weight loss on disease-free-survival, but more intervention trials and well-designed observational studies in diverse populations are needed to elucidate the impact of body composition and their changes on breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris S.M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NutritionBjørknes University CollegeOsloNorway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katia Balducci
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Margarita Cariolou
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Darren C. Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina Medical SchoolIoanninaGreece
| | - Neesha Nanu
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nerea Becerra‐Tomás
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Alan A. Jackson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute of Health Research Cancer and Nutrition CollaborationSouthamptonUK
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vivien Lund
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | - Kate Allen
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | | | - Helen Croker
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina Medical SchoolIoanninaGreece
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Vieira RADC, Bailão-Junior A, de Oliveira-Junior I. Does breast oncoplastic surgery improve quality of life? Front Oncol 2023; 12:1099125. [PMID: 36713564 PMCID: PMC9877289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1099125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast Oncoplastic Surgery (OS) has established itself as a safe procedure associated with the treatment of breast cancer, but the term is broad, encompassing procedures associated with breast-conserving surgeries (BCS), conservative mastectomies and fat grafting. Surgeons believe that OS is associated with an increase in quality of life (QOL), but the diversity of QOL questionnaires and therapeutic modalities makes it difficult to assess from the patient's perspective. To answer this question, we performed a search for systematic reviews on QOL associated with different COM procedures, and in their absence, we selected case-control studies, discussing the main results. We observed that: (1) Patients undergoing BCS or breast reconstruction have improved QoL compared to those undergoing mastectomy; (2) In patients undergoing BCS, OS has not yet shown an improvement in QOL, a fact possibly influenced by patient selection bias; (3) In patients undergoing mastectomy with reconstruction, the QoL results are superior when the reconstruction is performed with autologous flaps and when the areola is preserved; (4) Prepectoral implants improves QOL in relation to subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction; (5) ADM do not improves QOL; (6) In patients undergoing prophylactic mastectomy, satisfaction is high with the indication, but the patient must be informed about the potential complications associated with the procedure; (7) Satisfaction is high after performing fat grafting. It is observed that, in general, OS increases QOL, and when evaluating the procedures, any preservation or repair, or the use of autologous tissues, increases QOL, justifying OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Aloisio da Costa Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu/SP, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia, Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Barretos/SP, Brazil,Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Divisão de Mastologia, Hospital de Câncer de Muriaé, Muriaé/MG, Brazil,Active Member of European Organisation for Research and Treatment (EORTC) Quality of life Group, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: René Aloisio da Costa Vieira,
| | - Antônio Bailão-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu/SP, Brazil,Departamento de Mastologia e Reconstrução Mamária, Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Barretos/SP, Brazil
| | - Idam de Oliveira-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu/SP, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia, Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Barretos/SP, Brazil,Departamento de Mastologia e Reconstrução Mamária, Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Barretos/SP, Brazil
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