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Li B, Jin Z, Yang F, Li H, Liu J, Jiang Z. Proteomic investigation reveals the role of bacterial laccase from Bacillus pumilus in oxidative stress defense. J Proteomics 2024; 292:105047. [PMID: 37981008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The wide distribution of laccases in nature makes them involved in different biological processes. However, little information is known about how laccase participates in the defense machinery of bacteria against oxidative stress. The present study aimed to elucidate the oxidative stress response mechanism of Bacillus pumilus ZB1 and the functional role of bacterial laccase in stress defense. The oxidative stress caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) significantly induced laccase activity and its transcript level. The morphological analysis revealed that the defense of B. pumilus ZB1 against oxidative stress was activated. Based on the proteomic study, 114 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were up-regulated and 79 DEPs were down-regulated. In COG analysis, 66.40% DEPs were classified into the category "Metabolism". We confirmed that laccase was up-regulated in response to MMS stress and its functional annotation was related to "Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism". Based on protein-protein interaction prediction, two up-regulated DEPs (YcnJ and GabP) showed interaction with laccase and contributed to the formation of laccase stability and adaptability. The overexpressed laccase might improve the antioxidative property of B. pumilus ZB1. These findings provide an insight and the guidelines for better exploitation of bioremediation using bacterial laccase. SIGNIFICANCE: Bacillus pumilus is a gram-positive bacterium that has the potential for many applications, such as bioremediation. The expression of bacterial laccase is significantly influenced by oxidative stress, while the underlying mechanism of laccase overexpression in bacteria has not been fully studied. Elucidation of the biological process may benefit the bioremediation using bacteria in the future. In this study, the differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using a TMT-labeling proteomic approach when B. pumilus was treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Reactive oxygen species induced by MMS activated the secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism in B. pumilus, including laccase overexpression. Moreover, the simultaneously up-regulated YcnJ and GabP may benefit the synthesis and the stability of laccase, then improve the antioxidative property of B. pumilus against environmental stress. Our findings advance the understanding of the adaptive mechanism of B. pumilus to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhuocheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Zhengbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Mazzantini D, Calvigioni M, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Ghelardi E. In vitro assessment of probiotic attributes for strains contained in commercial formulations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21640. [PMID: 36517529 PMCID: PMC9751119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although probiotics are often indiscriminately prescribed, they are not equal and their effects on the host may profoundly differ. In vitro determination of the attributes of probiotics should be a primary concern and be performed even before clinical studies are designed. In fact, knowledge on the biological properties a microbe possesses is crucial for selecting the most suitable bacteriotherapy for each individual. Herein, nine strains (Bacillus clausii NR, OC, SIN, T, Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) declared to be contained in six commercial formulations were tested for their ability to tolerate simulated intestinal conditions, adhere to mucins, and produce β-galactosidase, antioxidant enzymes, riboflavin, and D-lactate. With the exception of B. breve, all microbes survived in simulated intestinal fluid. L. rhamnosus was unable to adhere to mucins and differences in mucin adhesion were evidenced for L. reuteri and S. boulardii depending on oxygen levels. All microorganisms produced antioxidant enzymes, but only B. clausii, B. coagulans, B. breve, and L. reuteri synthesize β-galactosidase. Riboflavin secretion was observed for Bacillus species and L. rhamnosus, while D-lactate production was restricted to L. reuteri and L. rhamnosus. Our findings indicate that the analyzed strains possess different in vitro biological properties, thus highlighting the usefulness of in vitro tests as prelude for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Mazzantini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy ,grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health-Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Efficacy of Sea Salt-Based Mouthwash and Xylitol in Improving Oral Hygiene among Adolescent Population: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010044. [PMID: 33374694 PMCID: PMC7793524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has definitely demonstrated the importance of the use of mouthwash in daily oral hygiene. In our pilot study, we tested the effectiveness of a novel mouth rinse containing sea salt, xylitol, and lysozyme. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) growth, and plaque index in adolescent patients aged 14-17 years, were observed. The bacterial load was investigated by in vitro microbiological analysis; the plaque index was assessed through the O'Leary's Plaque Control Record (PCR). The study has shown that the use of a sea salt-based mouthwash in daily oral hygiene reduces the bacterial levels of S. mutans (p < 0.01) linked to the combined action of xylitol and lysozyme, together with the action of sea salt. Our preliminary data confirm and improve the main results reported in the scientific literature on the importance of the use of xylitol, lysozyme, and sea salt in oral health.
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Siciliano RA, Pannella G, Lippolis R, Ricciardi A, Mazzeo MF, Zotta T. Impact of aerobic and respirative life-style on Lactobacillus casei N87 proteome. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 298:51-62. [PMID: 30925356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as starter, adjunct and/or probiotic cultures in fermented foods. Several species are recognized as oxygen-tolerant anaerobes, and aerobic and respiratory cultivations may provide them with physiological and technological benefits. In this light, mechanisms involved in the adaptation to aerobic and respiratory (supplementation with heme and menaquinone) growth conditions of the O2-tolerant strain Lactobacillus casei N87 were investigated by proteomics. In fact, in this bacterial strain, respiration induced an increase in biomass yield and robustness to oxidative, long-term starvation and freeze-drying stresses, while high concentrations of dissolved O2 (dO2 60%) negatively affected its growth and cell survival. Proteomic results well paralleled with physiological and metabolic features and clearly showed that aerobic life-style led to a higher abundance of several proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and stress response mechanisms and, concurrently, impaired the biosynthesis of proteins involved in nucleic acid formation and translation processes, thus providing evidence at molecular level of the significant damage to L.casei N87 fitness. On the contrary, the activation of respiratory pathways due to heme and menaquinone supplementation, led to a decreased amount of chaperones and other stress related proteins. These findings confirmed that respiration reduced oxidative stress condition, allowing to positively modulate the central carbohydrate and energy metabolism and improve growth and stress tolerance features. Results of this study could be potentially functional to develop competitive adjunct and probiotic cultures effectively focused on the improvement of quality of fermented foods and the promotion of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pannella
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ricciardi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Zotta
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
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Kong XX, Jiang JL, Qiao B, Liu H, Cheng JS, Yuan YJ. The biodegradation of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefpirome by the synthetic consortium with probiotic Bacillus clausii and investigation of their potential biodegradation pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:271-280. [PMID: 30236844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cephalosporin residues in the environment are a great concern, but bioremediation options do exist. Bacillus clausii T reached a removal rate of 100% within 8 h when challenged with a mixture of cefuroxime (CFX), cefotaxime (CTX), and cefpirome (CPR). The co-culture of B. clausii T and B. clausii O/C displayed a higher removal efficiency for the mixture of CFX, CTX and CPR than a pure culture of B. clausii O/C. B. clausii T alleviated the biotoxicity of CFX and CPR. What's more, the biotoxicity of for CFX and CPR transformation products released by the co-culture of B. clausii T and B. clausii O/C was lower than that in pure cultures. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the changes in the expression levels of the relevant antibiotic-resistance genes of B. clausii T during CFX and CPR degradation. The results indicated that CFX and CPR enhanced the expression of the β-lactamase gene bcl1. Hydrolysis, deacetylation and decarboxylation are likely the major mechanisms of CTX biodegradation by B. clausii. These results demonstrate that B. clausii T is a promising strain for the bioremediation of environmental contamination by CFX, CTX, and CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jian-Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Mazzeo MF, Lippolis R, Sorrentino A, Liberti S, Fragnito F, Siciliano RA. Lactobacillus acidophilus-Rutin Interplay Investigated by Proteomics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142376. [PMID: 26544973 PMCID: PMC4636146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are bioactive molecules that beneficially affect human health, due to their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective and chemopreventive properties. They are absorbed in a very low percentage in the small intestine and reach intact the colon, where they are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Although it is well documented a key role of microbial metabolism in the absorption of polyphenols and modulation of their biological activity, molecular mechanisms at the basis of the bacteria-polyphenols interplay are still poorly understood. In this context, differential proteomics was applied to reveal adaptive response mechanisms that enabled a potential probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus strain to survive in the presence of the dietary polyphenol rutin. The response to rutin mainly modulated the expression level of proteins involved in general stress response mechanisms and, in particular, induced the activation of protein quality control systems, and affected carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis and cell wall integrity. Moreover, rutin triggered the expression of proteins involved in oxidation-reduction processes.This study provides a first general view of the impact of dietary polyphenols on metabolic and biological processes of L. acidophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Alida Sorrentino
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Sarah Liberti
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Fragnito
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Ghelardi E, Celandroni F, Salvetti S, Gueye S, Lupetti A, Senesi S. Survival and persistence of Bacillus clausii
in the human gastrointestinal tract following oral administration as spore-based probiotic formulation. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:552-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
- Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health-Nutrafood; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - F. Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - S. Salvetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - S.A. Gueye
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - S. Senesi
- Department of Biology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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Lippolis R, Siciliano RA, Mazzeo MF, Abbrescia A, Gnoni A, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. Comparative secretome analysis of four isogenic Bacillus clausii probiotic strains. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:28. [PMID: 23816335 PMCID: PMC3716886 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spore-bearing alkaliphilic Bacillus species constitute a large, heterogeneous group of microorganisms, important for their ability to produce enzymes, antibodies and metabolites of potential medical use. Some Bacillus species are currently being used for manufacturing probiotic products consisting of bacterial spores, exhibiting specific features (colonization, immune-stimulation and antimicrobial activity) that can account for their claimed probiotic properties. In the present work a comparative proteomic study was performed aimed at characterizing the secretome of four closely related isogenic O/C, SIN, N/R and T B. clausii strains, already marketed in a pharmaceutical mixture as probiotics. Results Proteomic analyses revealed a high degree of concordance among the four secretomes, although some proteins exhibited considerable variations in their expression level in the four strains. Among these, some proteins with documented activity in the interaction with host cells were identified, such as the glycolytic enzyme enolase, with a putative plasminogen-binding activity, GroEL, a molecular chaperone shown to be able to bind to mucin, and flagellin protein, a structural flagella protein and a putative immunomodulation agent. Conclusion This study shows, for the first time, differences in the secretome of the OC, SIN, NR and T B. clausii strains. These differences indicate that specific secretome features characterize each of the four strains despite their genotypic similarity. This could confer to the B. clausii strains specific probiotic functions associated with the differentially expressed proteins and indicate that they can cooperate as probiotics as the secretome components of each strain could contribute to the overall activity of a mixed probiotic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
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Identification of up-regulated proteins potentially involved in the antagonism mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens G1. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 103:1395-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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