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Kulkarni AS, Huang L, Qian K. Material-assisted mass spectrometric analysis of low molecular weight compounds for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3622-3639. [PMID: 33871513 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight compounds play an important role in encoding the current physiological state of an individual. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) offers high sensitivity with low cost for molecular detection, but it is not able to cover small molecules due to the drawbacks of the conventional matrix. Advanced materials are better alternatives, showing little background interference and high LDI efficiency. Herein, we first classify the current materials with a summary of compositions and structures. Matrix preparation protocols are then reviewed, to enhance the selectivity and reproducibility of MS data better. Finally, we highlight the biomedical applications of material-assisted LDI MS, at the tissue, bio-fluid, and cellular levels. We foresee that the advanced materials will bring far-reaching implications in LDI MS towards real-case applications, especially in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Shreeram Kulkarni
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China and School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China and School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
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2
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Recent developments on fluorescent hybrid nanomaterials for metal ions sensing and bioimaging applications: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Atacan K, Kursunlu AN, Ozmen M. Preparation of pillar[5]arene immobilized trypsin and its application in microwave-assisted digestion of Cytochrome c. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:886-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Synthesis and characterization of homoleptic group 10 dithiocarbamate complexes and heteroleptic Ni(II) complexes, and the use of the homoleptic Ni(II) for the preparation of nickel sulphide nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Rezende JDP, Ferreira GMD, Ferreira GMD, da Silva LHM, do Carmo Hepanhol da Silva M, Pinto MS, Pires ACDS. Polydiacetylene/triblock copolymer nanosensor for the detection of native and free bovine serum albumin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:535-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Drozd M, Pietrzak M, Kalinowska D, Grabowska-Jadach I, Malinowska E. Glucose dithiocarbamate derivatives as capping ligands of water-soluble CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Drug analysis represents a large field in different disciplines. Plasma is commonly considered to be the biosample of choice for that purpose. However, concentrations often do not represent the levels present within deeper compartments and therefore cannot sufficiently explain efficacy or toxicology of drugs. MALDI-MS in drug analysis is of great interest for high-throughput quantification and particularly spatially resolved tissue imaging. The current perspective article will deal with challenges and opportunities of MALDI-MS drug analysis in different biological samples. A particular focus will be on hair samples. Recent applications were included, reviewed for their instrumental setup and sample preparation and pros and cons as well as future perspectives are critically discussed.
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8
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Hasan N, Guo Z, Wu HF. Large protein analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry using amoxicillin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6269-81. [PMID: 27565791 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria or their protein and peptide entity enrichment using biomolecules-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, and analysis by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) is a promising technique to analyze microorganisms. High and low molecular weight proteins like penicillin-binding proteins are responsible for final step synthesis of peptidoglycan biosynthesis; those are the target of lactam antibiotics. In this paper, we synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (mag-NPs) and further modified them with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and then the β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin was covalently linked to their surface. β-Lactam group attributes as penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used as model bacteria for enrichment based on the β-lactam affinity of magnetic nanoparticles, and then the bacteria were easily separated by an external magnet. Several high molecular weight penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) were detected by MALDI MS containing 10(4) and 10(3) colony-forming unit (cfu) per milileter (mL) of S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. In the case of E. coli, higher molecular weight PBPs were observed at 20 to 55 kDa in MALDI mass spectra. However, S. aureus bacteria resulted with femAB operon-based proteins, with molecular weight of 49570.4 Da, by MALDI MS after using amoxicillin functionalized-mag-NPs. The current approach provides an effective bacteria detection and preconcentration method that has high potential in the near future for fast and sensitive diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria infection. Graphical Abstract Schematic for large proteins analysis by MALDI TOF MS (a) mag-NPs and bacterial interaction (b) Penicillin binding proteins trapping by Amox-mag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2097, Jazan, 82621, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhongxian Guo
- Water Quality Office, Public Utilities Board, 82 Toh Guan Road East, Water Hub, # C4-03, Singapore, 608576, Singapore
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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9
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Ferreira D, Seca AML, C G A D, Silva AMS. Targeting human pathogenic bacteria by siderophores: A proteomics review. J Proteomics 2016; 145:153-166. [PMID: 27109355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human bacterial infections are still a major public health problem throughout the world. Therefore it is fundamental to understand how pathogenic bacteria interact with their human host and to develop more advanced drugs or vaccines in response to the increasing bacterial resistance. Since iron is essential to bacterial survival and growth inside the host tissues, these microorganisms have developed highly efficient iron-acquisition systems; the most common one involves the secretion of iron chelators into the extracellular environment, known as siderophores, and the corresponding siderophore-membrane receptors or transporters responsible for the iron uptake. In the past few decades, several biochemical methods and genetic screens have been employed to track down and identify these iron-scavenging molecules. However, compared with the previous "static" approaches, proteomic identification is revealing far more molecules through full protein mapping and becoming more rapid and selective, leading the scientific and medical community to consider standardizing proteomic tools for clinical biomarker detection of bacterial infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on human pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and discuss the importance of siderophores in their virulence and the available proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level under different growth conditions. The promising use of siderophore antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care are also mentioned. SIGNIFICANCE Proteomic strategies to identify siderophore-related proteins and their expression level can be helpful to control and/or find a cure of infectious deseases especially if related with multidrug resistance. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight compounds produced by bacteria which can become clinical biomarkers and/or antibiotics used mainly in "Trojan horse" type strategies. Due to the above mention we think that the promising use of siderophore to overcome bacterial resistance and the future of proteomics in the routine clinical care is a hot topic that should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Technologic Sciences and Development, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Bibi A, Ju H. Quantum dots assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection of carbohydrates: qualitative and quantitative analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:291-297. [PMID: 27041659 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantum dots (QDs) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (QDA-LDI-MS) strategy was proposed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a series of carbohydrates. The adsorption of carbohydrates on the modified surface of different QDs as the matrices depended mainly on the formation of hydrogen bonding, which led to higher MS intensity than those with conventional organic matrix. The effects of QDs concentration and sample preparation method were explored for improving the selective ionization process and the detection sensitivity. The proposed approach offered a new dimension to the application of QDs as matrices for MALDI-MS research of carbohydrates. It could be used for quantitative measurement of glucose concentration in human serum with good performance. The QDs served as a matrix showed the advantages of low background, higher sensitivity, convenient sample preparation and excellent stability under vacuum. The QDs assisted LDI-MS approach has promising application to the analysis of carbohydrates in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Bibi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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11
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Synthesis and characterization of metal dithiocarbamate derivatives of 3-((pyridin-2-yl)methylamino)propanenitrile: Crystal structure of [3-((pyridin-2-yl)methylamino)propanenitrile dithiocarbamato] nickel(II). Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Kailasa SK, Wu HF. Nanomaterial-based miniaturized extraction and preconcentration techniques coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for assaying biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Kailasa SK, Wu HF. Proteomic profiling by nanomaterials-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for high-resolution data and novel protein information directly from biological samples. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1295:479-496. [PMID: 25820742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2550-6_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of global proteome samples derived from biocomplex mixtures are very important to understand the cellular functions in cell biology. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)-based proteomics has recently become one of the most informative and attractive core technologies in proteomics. Particularly, nanomaterials-based MALDI mass spectrometric methods are quickly becoming a critical miniaturized bioanalytical tool for detecting and discerning proteins from biocomplex samples. These MALDI-developed strategies allow high-throughput identification of proteins from highly complex mixtures including accurate mass measurement of peptides derived from total proteome digests and peptides/proteins separations from various samples. The nanomaterials-integrated MALDI-MS technologies in protein arrays hold much promise for interrogating the diverse and immense proteome in cell biology. As a result, nanomaterials-assisted MALDI-MS-based proteomic workflow, including sample preparation, information on the local molecular composition, relative abundance and spatial distribution of peptides and proteins and their analysis, should make the technology more easily available to a broad community and turn it into a powerful methodology for bioanalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
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14
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Zhang K, Yu T, Liu F, Sun M, Yu H, Liu B, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Wang S. Selective Fluorescence Turn-On and Ratiometric Detection of Organophosphate Using Dual-Emitting Mn-Doped ZnS Nanocrystal Probe. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11727-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503134r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- Institute
of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350, Shushanhu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, State
Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mingtai Sun
- Institute
of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350, Shushanhu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Institute
of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350, Shushanhu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Institute
of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350, Shushanhu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute
of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350, Shushanhu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, State
Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute
of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350, Shushanhu
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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15
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Development of a highly sensitive MIP based-QCM nanosensor for selective determination of cholic acid level in body fluids. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:436-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Detection of DNA damage by exploiting the distance dependence of the electrochemiluminescence energy transfer between quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Kailasa SK, Mehta VN, Wu HF. Recent developments of liquid-phase microextraction techniques directly combined with ESI- and MALDI-mass spectrometric techniques for organic and biomolecule assays. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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18
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Recent developments in nanoparticle-based MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of phosphoproteomes. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Kailasa SK, Wu HF. Rapid Quantification of Efavirenz in Human Plasma by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Kailasa SK, Cheng KH, Wu HF. Semiconductor Nanomaterials-Based Fluorescence Spectroscopic and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Proteome Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:5763-5795. [PMID: 28788422 PMCID: PMC5452753 DOI: 10.3390/ma6125763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) or nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit very unusual physico-chemcial and optical properties. This review article introduces the applications of semiconductor nanomaterials (NMs) in fluorescence spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) for biomolecule analysis. Due to their unique physico-chemical and optical properties, semiconductors NMs have created many new platforms for investigating biomolecular structures and information in modern biology. These semiconductor NMs served as effective fluorescent probes for sensing proteins and cells and acted as affinity or concentrating probes for enriching peptides, proteins and bacteria proteins prior to MALDI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, India.
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 806, Taiwan.
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Wu HF, Gopal J, Abdelhamid HN, Hasan N. Quantum dot applications endowing novelty to analytical proteomics. Proteomics 2013; 12:2949-61. [PMID: 22930415 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review surveys all the state-of-art applications of quantum dots (QDs) in conventional and modern analytical methods in proteomic studies. A brief introduction of QDs and their properties is initially presented followed by outlining the application of QDs in fluorescence, MS, imaging, and cancer-based proteomics. The in-depth application of QDs in MALDI-MS and surface assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS has been elaborately discussed, summarizing the speculated mechanism behind the protein-QDs interactions during QD matrix applications leading to enhanced detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Gopal J, Abdelhamid HN, Hua PY, Wu HF. Chitosan nanomagnets for effective extraction and sensitive mass spectrometric detection of pathogenic bacterial endotoxin from human urine. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2463-2475. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Cho YT, Su H, Huang TL, Chen HC, Wu WJ, Wu PC, Wu DC, Shiea J. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for clinical diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:266-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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