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Bhandarkar NS, Shetty K, Narendra P, Kiran A, Shetty R, Shetty KB. Nutrition and diet for dry eye disease: Insights toward holistic management. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:1412-1423. [PMID: 39331431 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2899_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common eye problems in the aging population. Hyperosmolarity triggers the immune response in DED and consequently activates the self-perpetuating immune cycle, leading to chronic damage of the ocular surface. This event causes symptoms such as a burning sensation, irritation, redness, photophobia, and blurred vision in DED patients. Subsequently, the quality of life gets significantly affected. The rising demand for DED management and treatment solutions, and the desirable outcomes from innovative therapies that draw global interest provide evidence to demonstrate the role of diet and nutrition in DED. Nutritional deficiency and a Westernized diet contribute to the chronic systemic progression of DED symptoms. It has been revealed in several published studies that the use of nutrients and dietary supplements improves the ocular surface and acts as a protective factor against DED. - We reviewed nutrition and dietary aspects in managing DED and its associated consequences, based on published studies, and reached an evidence-based conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Bhandarkar
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - P Narendra
- Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rohit Shetty
- Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Jackson CJ, Gundersen KG, Tong L, Utheim TP. Dry eye disease and proteomics. Ocul Surf 2022; 24:119-128. [PMID: 35278720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide mostly associated with age, though other factors such as screen use and contact lens wear explain why it is increasingly diagnosed in younger people. DED also disproportionately affects women. Symptoms include eye dryness, burning, pain and sensitivity to light that can significantly affect quality of life. This condition may progress to cause lasting damage to the ocular surface if left untreated. Currently, diagnosis is through assessment of signs and symptoms determined by clinical tests and questionnaires. However, there is considerable overlap between normal and DED result distributions of currently available metrics as signs and symptoms fluctuate over time and with disease severity. Importantly, the non-targeted approach of proteomics means that significant changes in novel proteins may be discovered. Proteomics is a powerful tool that has been applied to the field of DED to understand changes at a biochemical level, uncover new disease biomarkers and determine the success of clinical interventions. While individual proteins may not be sensitive enough when used as single biomarkers, proteomics opens the possibility to uncover several relevant proteins that may be combined in a panel to provide more accurate diagnostic value i.e. parallel testing. In this review we discuss the use of proteomics in DED research and the potential for application of proteomic results in the clinic. We also identify shortcomings and future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Joan Jackson
- IFocus Øyeklinikk AS, Haugesund, Norway; Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Louis Tong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Diseases, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3019, Drammen, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604, Arendal, Norway; National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of South Eastern Norway, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Nättinen J, Aapola U, Nukareddy P, Uusitalo H. Looking deeper into ocular surface health: an introduction to clinical tear proteomics analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:486-498. [PMID: 34750985 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface diseases are becoming more prevalent worldwide. Reasons for this include the ongoing population ageing and increasing use of digital displays, although ophthalmologists have a wide selection of tools, which can be implemented in the evaluation of the ocular surface health, methods, which enable the in-depth study of biological functions are gaining more interest. These new approaches are needed, since the individual responses to ocular surface diseases and treatments can vary from person to person, and the correlations between clinical signs and symptoms are often low. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) methods can produce information on hundreds of tear proteins, which in turn can provide valuable information on the biological effects occurring on the ocular surface. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the different aspects, which are part of a successful tear proteomics study design and equip readers with a better understanding of the methods most suited for their MS-based tear proteomics study in the field of ophthalmology and ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika Nättinen
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Praveena Nukareddy
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Tays Eye Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
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Gerber-Hollbach N, Plattner K, O'Leary OE, Jenoe P, Moes S, Drexler B, Schoetzau A, Halter JP, Goldblum D. Tear Film Proteomics Reveal Important Differences Between Patients With and Without Ocular GvHD After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3521-3530. [PMID: 30025099 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To date, no biomarkers for ocular graft versus host disease (GvHD), a frequent complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), exist. In this prospective study, we evaluated the potential of human tear proteins as biomarkers for ocular GvHD. Methods Tears from 10 patients with moderate-to-severe ocular GvHD were compared to 10 patients without ocular GvHD. After a full ocular surface clinical examination, tears were collected onto Schirmer strips and protein composition was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical evaluation was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare means and the false discovery rate method to adjust for multiple comparisons. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins was done with the PANTHER classification system. Results We identified 282 proteins in tryptic digests of Schirmer strips; 79 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups, from which 54 were up- and 25 downregulated. The most upregulated proteins were classified as nucleic acid binding and cytoskeletal proteins, while the most extensively downregulated proteins belong to an array of classes including transfer and receptor proteins, enzyme modulators, and hydrolases. In addition to proteins already confirmed as differentially expressed in dry eye disease, we report changes in 36 novel proteins. Conclusions This study reports the proteomic profile of tears in ocular GvHD for the first time and identifies a number of unique differentially expressed proteins. Further studies with a higher number of participants are necessary to confirm these results and to evaluate the reliability of these expression patterns in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gerber-Hollbach
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kim Plattner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivia E O'Leary
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jenoe
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzette Moes
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Drexler
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schoetzau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg P Halter
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Goldblum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Beutgen VM, Perumal N, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Autoantibody Biomarker Discovery in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Using Serological Proteome Analysis (SERPA). Front Immunol 2019; 10:381. [PMID: 30899261 PMCID: PMC6417464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neurological disorder and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) as its most prevalent form. An early diagnosis of the disease is crucial to prevent loss of vision. Mechanisms behind glaucoma pathogenesis are not completely understood, but disease related alterations in the serological autoantibody profile indicate an immunologic component. These changes in immunoreactivity may serve as potential biomarkers for glaucoma diagnostics. We aimed to identify novel disease related autoantibodies targeting antigens in the trabecular meshwork as biomarkers to support early detection of POAG. We used serological proteome analysis (SERPA) for initial autoantibody profiling in a discovery sample set. The identified autoantibodies were validated by protein microarray analysis in a larger cohort with 60 POAG patients and 45 control subjects. In this study, we discovered CALD1, PGAM1, and VDAC2 as new biomarker candidates. With the use of artificial neural networks, the panel of these candidates and the already known markers HSPD1 and VIM was able to classify subjects into POAG patients and non-glaucomatous controls with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 93%. These results suggest the benefit of these potential autoantibody biomarkers for utilization in glaucoma diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Beutgen
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Wang Y, Grenell A, Zhong F, Yam M, Hauer A, Gregor E, Zhu S, Lohner D, Zhu J, Du J. Metabolic signature of the aging eye in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:223-233. [PMID: 30172221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for age-related ocular diseases including age-related macular degeneration in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), cataracts in the lens, glaucoma in the optic nerve, and dry eye syndrome in the cornea. We used targeted metabolomics to analyze metabolites from young (6 weeks) and old (73 weeks) eyes in C57 BL6/J mice. Old mice had diminished electroretinogram responses and decreased number of photoreceptors in their retinas. Among the 297 detected metabolites, 45-114 metabolites are significantly altered in aged eye tissues, mostly in the neuronal tissues (retina and optic nerve) and less in cornea, RPE/choroid, and lens. We noted that changes of metabolites in mitochondrial metabolism and glucose metabolism are common features in the aged retina, RPE/choroid, and optic nerve. The aging retina, cornea, and optic nerve also share similar changes in Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), 1-methylnicotinamides, 3-methylhistidine, and other methylated metabolites. Metabolites in taurine metabolism are strikingly influenced by aging in the cornea and lens. In conclusion, the aging eye has both common and tissue-specific metabolic signatures. These changes may be attributed to dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism, reprogrammed glucose metabolism and impaired methylation in the aging eye. Our findings provide biochemical insights into the mechanisms of age-related ocular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Allison Grenell
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fanyi Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Allison Hauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gregor
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Siyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Daniel Lohner
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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7
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Bucolo C, Fidilio A, Platania CBM, Geraci F, Lazzara F, Drago F. Antioxidant and Osmoprotecting Activity of Taurine in Dry Eye Models. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34:188-194. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology—CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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8
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Soria J, Acera A, Merayo-LLoves J, Durán JA, González N, Rodriguez S, Bistolas N, Schumacher S, Bier FF, Peter H, Stöcklein W, Suárez T. Tear proteome analysis in ocular surface diseases using label-free LC-MS/MS and multiplexed-microarray biomarker validation. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 29234088 PMCID: PMC5727318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17536-2 10.1038/s41598-017-17536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the tear film proteome of patients with dry eye (DE), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and normal volunteers (CT). Tear samples were collected from 70 individuals. Of these, 37 samples were analyzed using spectral-counting-based LC-MS/MS label-free quantitation, and 33 samples were evaluated in the validation of candidate biomarkers employing customized antibody microarray assays. Comparative analysis of tear protein profiles revealed differences in the expression levels of 26 proteins, including protein S100A6, annexin A1, cystatin-S, thioredoxin, phospholipase A2, antileukoproteinase, and lactoperoxidase. Antibody microarray validation of CST4, S100A6, and MMP9 confirmed the accuracy of previously reported ELISA assays, with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 87.5%. Clinical endpoint analysis showed a good correlation between biomarker concentrations and clinical parameters. In conclusion, different sets of proteins differentiate between the groups. Apolipoprotein D, S100A6, S100A8, and ceruloplasmin discriminate best between the DE and CT groups. The differences between antileukoproteinase, phospholipase A2, and lactoperoxidase levels allow the distinction between MGD and DE, and the changes in the levels of annexin A1, clusterin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, between MGD and CT groups. The functional network analysis revealed the main biological processes that should be examined to identify new candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-LLoves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Avda Dres Fernández-Vega num 34, Oviedo, E-33012, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan A Durán
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), Virgen de Begoña N° 34, E-48006, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nikitas Bistolas
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Soeren Schumacher
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Harald Peter
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcklein
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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9
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Soria J, Acera A, Merayo-LLoves J, Durán JA, González N, Rodriguez S, Bistolas N, Schumacher S, Bier FF, Peter H, Stöcklein W, Suárez T. Tear proteome analysis in ocular surface diseases using label-free LC-MS/MS and multiplexed-microarray biomarker validation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17478. [PMID: 29234088 PMCID: PMC5727318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the tear film proteome of patients with dry eye (DE), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and normal volunteers (CT). Tear samples were collected from 70 individuals. Of these, 37 samples were analyzed using spectral-counting-based LC-MS/MS label-free quantitation, and 33 samples were evaluated in the validation of candidate biomarkers employing customized antibody microarray assays. Comparative analysis of tear protein profiles revealed differences in the expression levels of 26 proteins, including protein S100A6, annexin A1, cystatin-S, thioredoxin, phospholipase A2, antileukoproteinase, and lactoperoxidase. Antibody microarray validation of CST4, S100A6, and MMP9 confirmed the accuracy of previously reported ELISA assays, with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 87.5%. Clinical endpoint analysis showed a good correlation between biomarker concentrations and clinical parameters. In conclusion, different sets of proteins differentiate between the groups. Apolipoprotein D, S100A6, S100A8, and ceruloplasmin discriminate best between the DE and CT groups. The differences between antileukoproteinase, phospholipase A2, and lactoperoxidase levels allow the distinction between MGD and DE, and the changes in the levels of annexin A1, clusterin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, between MGD and CT groups. The functional network analysis revealed the main biological processes that should be examined to identify new candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-LLoves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Avda Dres Fernández-Vega num 34, Oviedo, E-33012, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan A Durán
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), Virgen de Begoña N° 34, E-48006, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nikitas Bistolas
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Soeren Schumacher
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Harald Peter
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcklein
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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10
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Boost M, Cho P, Wang Z. Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 100:459-472. [PMID: 28771841 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact lens wear is a popular, convenient and effective method for vision correction. In recent years, contact lens practice has expanded to include new paradigms, including orthokeratology; however, their use is not entirely without risk, as the incidence of infection has consistently been reported to be higher in contact lens wearers. The explanations for this increased susceptibility have largely focused on physical damage, especially to the cornea, due to a combination of hypoxia, mechanical trauma, deposits and solution cytotoxicity, as well as poor compliance with care routines leading to introduction of pathogens into the ocular environment. However, in recent years, with the increasing availability and reduced cost of molecular techniques, the ocular environment has received greater attention with in-depth studies of proteins and other components. Numerous proteins were found to be present in the tears and their functions and interactions indicate that the tears are far more complex than formerly presumed. In addition, the concept of a sterile or limited microbial population on the ocular surface has been challenged by analysis of the microbiome. Ocular microbiome was not considered as one of the key sites for the Human Microbiome Project, as it was thought to be limited compared to other body sites. This was proven to be fallacious, as a wide variety of micro-organisms were identified in the analyses of human tears. Thus, the ocular environment is now recognised to be more complicated and interference with this ecological balance may lead to adverse effects. The use of contact lenses clearly changes the situation at the ocular surface, which may result in consequences which disturb the balance in the healthy eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Boost
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.,Squina International Centre for Infection Control, Hong Kong
| | - Pauline Cho
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.,Squina International Centre for Infection Control, Hong Kong
| | - Zhaoran Wang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Lorenz K, Scheller Y, Bell K, Grus F, Ponto KA, Bock F, Cursiefen C, Flach J, Gehring M, Peto T, Silva R, Tal Y, Pfeiffer N. A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-masked, three-armed, multicentre phase II/III trial for the Study of a Topical Treatment of Ischaemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion to Prevent Neovascular Glaucoma - the STRONG study: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:128. [PMID: 28302155 PMCID: PMC5356411 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is rare, comprising only 3.9% of all glaucoma cases. The most common cause of NVG is ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion (iCRVO). NVG frequently results in blindness and painful end-stage glaucomatous damage leading to the need for enucleation. Currently, there is no preventive therapy for NVG following iCRVO. Rescue treatments have severe drawbacks. Accordingly, there is a great need for preventing the often visually devastating outcomes of NVG. The STRONG study is designed to test whether the topically active anti-angiogenic agent aganirsen is able to inhibit the formation of neovascularisation leading to the development of secondary NVG in eyes with iCRVO. At the same time, STRONG will provide important information on the natural course of iCRVO and NVG in a large and well-characterised cohort of such patients. Methods/design This protocol describes a phase II/III, prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-masked, three-armed multicentre study for the investigation of aganirsen, a new topical treatment for iCRVO in order to prevent NVG. The study will evaluate the efficacy of two different doses of this newly developed antisense oligonucleotide formulated in an eye emulsion to avoid new vessel formation by blocking insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS)-1. This leads to subsequent down-regulation of both angiogenic as well as proinflammatory growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Eligible patients (n = 333) will be treated with topical aganirsen or placebo for a period of 24 weeks. They will also be invited to participate in substudies involving analysis of gonioscopic images, detection of biomarkers for NVG and risk factors for iCRVO. Discussion The STRONG study has the potential to offer a new treatment modality for patients suffering from iCRVO with a high risk of developing NVG. The topical administration can reduce patients’ burden and risk related to rescue treatment, such as destructive laser treatment or enucleation, but requires a high level of patient compliance. Trial registration EudraCT: 2014-000239-18; ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02947867. (Registered on 15 October 2016); see also http://strong-nvg.com. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1861-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Scheller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Flach
- Bundesverband Glaukom-Selbsthilfe e.V., Märkische Str. 61, 44141, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marta Gehring
- Gene Signal International SA, EPFL Innovation Park-A, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Rufino Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yossi Tal
- TechnoSTAT Ltd., 34 Jerusalem Rd., Raanana, 4350108, Israel
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Perumal N, Manicam C, Steinicke M, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Characterization of the human aqueous humour proteome: A comparison of the genders. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172481. [PMID: 28273097 PMCID: PMC5342205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous humour (AH) is an important biologic fluid that maintains normal intraocular pressure and contains proteins that regulate the homeostasis of ocular tissues. Any alterations in the protein compositions are correlated to the pathogenesis of various ocular disorders. In recent years, gender-based medicine has emerged as an important research focus considering the prevalence of certain diseases, which are higher in a particular sex. Nevertheless, the inter-gender variations in the AH proteome are unknown. Therefore, this study endeavoured to characterize the AH proteome to assess the differences between genders. Thirty AH samples of patients who underwent cataract surgery were categorized according to their gender. Label-free quantitative discovery mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategy was employed to characterize the AH proteome. A total of 147 proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of less than 1% and only the top 10 major AH proteins make up almost 90% of the total identified proteins. A large number of proteins identified were correlated to defence, immune and inflammatory mechanisms, and response to wounding. Four proteins were found to be differentially abundant between the genders, comprising SERPINF1, SERPINA3, SERPING1 and PTGDS. The findings emerging from our study provide the first insight into the gender-based proteome differences in the AH and also highlight the importance in considering potential sex-dependent changes in the proteome of ocular pathologies in future studies employing the AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Steinicke
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Funke S, Perumal N, Bell K, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. The potential impact of recent insights into proteomic changes associated with glaucoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:311-334. [PMID: 28271721 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1298448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma, a major ocular neuropathy, is still far from being understood on a molecular scale. Proteomic workflows revealed glaucoma associated alterations in different eye components. By using state-of-the-art mass spectrometric (MS) based discovery approaches large proteome datasets providing important information about glaucoma related proteins and pathways could be generated. Corresponding proteomic information could be retrieved from various ocular sample species derived from glaucoma experimental models or from original human material (e.g. optic nerve head or aqueous humor). However, particular eye tissues with the potential for understanding the disease's molecular pathomechanism remains underrepresented. Areas covered: The present review provides an overview of the analysis depth achieved for the glaucomatous eye proteome. With respect to different eye regions and biofluids, proteomics related literature was found using PubMed, Scholar and UniProtKB. Thereby, the review explores the potential of clinical proteomics for glaucoma research. Expert commentary: Proteomics will provide important contributions to understanding the molecular processes associated with glaucoma. Sensitive discovery and targeted MS approaches will assist understanding of the molecular interplay of different eye components and biofluids in glaucoma. Proteomic results will drive the comprehension of glaucoma, allowing a more stringent disease hypothesis within the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Funke
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Katharina Bell
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
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14
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Free amino acids: an innovative treatment for ocular surface disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Perumal N, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Proteomics analysis of human tears from aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29629. [PMID: 27436115 PMCID: PMC4951640 DOI: 10.1038/srep29629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high global prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES), the fundamental processes underlying this pathology remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study endeavoured to investigate in-depth the tear proteome of DES patients employing the mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic strategies. Eighty patients were recruited and subdivided into three major DES subgroups, which are the aqueous-deficient (DRYaq), evaporative (DRYlip) and a combination of the two (DRYaqlip), as well as healthy subjects (CTRL). Discovery proteomics strategy was employed to identify large number of significantly differentially expressed tear proteins in DRYlip vs. CTRL, DRYaq vs. CTRL and DRYaqlip vs. CTRL with 22, 58 and 67 proteins, respectively. Biological functional analysis demonstrated for the first time that various metabolic processes were highly expressed in DRYaq and DRYaqlip, which might modulate various other known processes, especially the inflammatory and immune processes. Targeted proteomics strategy verified that 13 major proteins were differentially expressed in specific DES subgroups, comprising of PRR4, ZG16B, SCGB2A1, DMBT1, PROL1, LACRT, ALDH3A1, ENO1, TF, S100A8, S100A9, PEBP1 and ORM1. In conclusion, this study had explored in-depth the pathology of DES by unravelling various new fundamental processes and the major proteins responsible for the maintenance of tear film stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Perumal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Chao W, Belmonte C, Benitez del Castillo JM, Bron AJ, Dua HS, Nichols KK, Novack GD, Schrader S, Willcox MD, Wolffsohn JS, Sullivan DA. Report of the Inaugural Meeting of the TFOS i2 = initiating innovation Series: Targeting the Unmet Need for Dry Eye Treatment. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:264-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Winiarczyk M, Winiarczyk D, Banach T, Adaszek L, Madany J, Mackiewicz J, Pietras-Ozga D, Winiarczyk S. Dog Tear Film Proteome In-Depth Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144242. [PMID: 26701646 PMCID: PMC4689550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, mass spectrometry was used to explore the canine tear proteome. Tear samples were obtained from six healthy dogs, and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) was used as a first step to separate intact proteins into 17 bands. Each fraction was then trypsin digested and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) to characterize the protein components in each fraction. In total, 125 tear proteins were identified, with MCA (Major Canine Allergen), Serum albumin, UPF0557 protein C10orf119 homolog, Collagen alpha-2(I) chain, Tyrosine -protein kinase Fer, Keratine type II cytoskeletal, Beta-crystallin B2, Interleukin-6 and Desmin occuring as the most confident ones with the highest scores. The results showed that the proteomic strategy used in this study was successful in the analysis of the dog tear proteome. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the comprehensive proteome profile of tears from healthy dogs by 1D SDS PAGE and MALDI-TOF. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20–079 Lublin, Chmielna 1, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20–612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banach
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20–612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
| | - Lukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20–612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
| | - Jacek Madany
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20–612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20–079 Lublin, Chmielna 1, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ozga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20–612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, 20–612 Lublin, Głęboka 30, Poland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Perumal N, Funke S, Wolters D, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Characterization of human reflex tear proteome reveals high expression of lacrimal proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4). Proteomics 2015; 15:3370-81. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Perumal
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Dominik Wolters
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
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19
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Börger M, Funke S, Bähr M, Grus F, Lingor P. Biomarker sources for Parkinson's disease: Time to shed tears? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Bell K, Wilding C, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Protective effect of 14-3-3 antibodies on stressed neuroretinal cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:64. [PMID: 26115916 PMCID: PMC4482181 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrate changes of autoantibody concentrations against retinal and optic nerve head antigens in the serum of glaucoma patients in comparison to healthy persons. These antibodies belong to the natural autoimmunity. Previous studies showed up regulated, but also significantly down-regulated autoantibody levels. These antibodies have the ability to influence protein profiles of neuroretinal cells and possibly hold neuroprotective potential, as we have been able to demonstrate before. Aim of this study was to analyse the serum and antibody effect of glaucoma patients on neuroretinal cells in more detail and also determine the impact of antibodies found down-regulated in glaucoma patients on the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disease glaucoma. Methods Neuroretinal cells (RGC-5) were incubated with serum either from glaucoma patients or healthy controls for 24 h. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed after cell lysis. Furthermore the neuroretinal cells were preincubated with different and concentrations of 14-3-3 antibodies (0.005, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/ml) and then stressed with H2O2, staurosporine or glutamate. Viability tests were performed with crystal violet and ROS tests with DCFH-DA. Antibody location in the cell after antibody incubation was performed with immunoccytochemical methods. Additionally mass spectrometric analysis was performed with the cells after antibody incubation. Results Protein expression analysis with Maldi-Orbitrap MS showed changes in the expression level of regulatory proteins in cells incubated with glaucoma serum, e.g. an up-regulation of 14-3-3 and a down-regulation of Calmodulin. After preincubation of the cells with anti-14-3-3 antibody and stressing the cells, we detected an increase in viability of up to 22 % and a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) of up to 31 %. Proteomic 1 analysis involvement of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in this protective effect and immunohistochemical analysis showed an antibody uptake in the cells. Conclusion We found significant effects of serum antibodies on proteins of neuroretinal cells especially of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Furthermore we detected a protective potential of antibodies down-regulated in glaucoma patients. The changed autoantibodies belong to the natural autoimmunity. We conclude that changes in the natural autoimmunity of patients with glaucoma can negatively impact regulatory functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-015-0044-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bell
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Corina Wilding
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Pieragostino D, D'Alessandro M, di Ioia M, Di Ilio C, Sacchetta P, Del Boccio P. Unraveling the molecular repertoire of tears as a source of biomarkers: beyond ocular diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:169-86. [PMID: 25488355 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics and metabolomics investigations of body fluids present several challenges for biomarker discovery of several diseases. The search for biomarkers is actually conducted in different body fluids, even if the ideal biomarker can be found in an easily accessible biological fluid, because, if validated, the biomarker could be sought in the healthy population. In this regard, tears could be considered an optimum material obtained by noninvasive procedures. In the past years, the scientific community has become more interested in the study of tears for the research of new biomarkers not only for ocular diseases. In this review, we provide a discussion on the current state of biomarkers research in tears and their relevance for clinical practice, and report the main results of clinical proteomics studies on systemic and eye diseases. We summarize the main methods for tear samples analyses and report recent advances in "omics" platforms for tears investigations. Moreover, we want to take stock of the emerging field of metabolomics and lipidomics as a new and integrated approach to study protein-metabolites interplay for biomarkers research, where tears represent a still unexplored and attractive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I.), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Hu M, Liu Y, Yu K, Liu X. Decreasing the amount of trypsin in in-gel digestion leads to diminished chemical noise and improved protein identifications. J Proteomics 2014; 109:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Zhang Z, Kuang J, Li L. Liquid chromatography-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging with sprayed matrix for improved sensitivity, reproducibility and quantitation. Analyst 2014; 138:6600-6. [PMID: 24003441 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) has been employed as a detection method for both capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MALDI and liquid chromatography (LC)-MALDI analyses. Based on our previous studies, here we report a new interface to couple LC with MSI by employing an automated matrix sprayer. The LC trace is directly collected on a ground stainless steel MALDI plate and dried. The matrix is sprayed on the MALDI plate using a programmable matrix sprayer. With the highly uniform matrix layers produced from the sprayer, the MS image signal quality is significantly improved with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios for analyte peaks. With the programmable matrix application and imaging MS data acquisition, the new LC-MSI platform exhibits highly stable and reproducible performance. A total of 87 bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic peptides and 295 putative neuropeptides from blue crab pericardial organs have been observed with LC-MSI analysis, exhibiting better performance in terms of peptide coverage than regular LC-MALDI with discrete spot collection and our previously reported LC-MSI interface with the matrix being delivered by a capillary. In addition to relative quantitation with isotopic labeling as we have previously demonstrated, we performed the first absolute quantitation using the new LC-MSI platform and obtained accurate quantitation results for neuropeptides, indicating great potential for quantitative analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
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24
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Perumal N, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Characterization of lacrimal proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4) in human tear proteome. Proteomics 2014; 14:1698-709. [PMID: 24782455 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was initiated considering the lack of comprehensive characteristics profile of PRR4 in tears of healthy subjects. Therefore, detailed characterizations of PRR4 from basal tears employing in-gel and in-solution digestions for MS systems are presented herein. First, pooled tear samples (n = 10) were utilized to identify PRR4-rich region/spots in 1DE/2DE gels employing LC-MALDI-MS and 1DE-LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS systems. PRR4-rich region and ten spots with vast polymorphisms (Mr : 17-30 kDa, pI: 3.0-6.6) were identified in 1DE and 2DE gels, respectively. In addition, combinations of four types of PTMs, which are methylation, acetylation, oxidation, and pyroglutamate formation, were identified in these ten PRR4 spots. Furthermore, a targeted data-acquisition approach was utilized to identify PRR4 isoforms in individual tear samples (n = 61) by in-solution digestion combined with a LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS system. Importantly, a new PRR4 isoform designated as PRR4-N3 in addition to PRR4 (gi154448886) and pHL E1F1 (gi1050983) was identified. Moreover, different combinations of these three PRR4 isoforms identified in the individual tear samples could be categorized into six distinguished groups. Conclusively, these findings provide fundamental insight into the complex characteristics profile of PRR4 isoforms and their PTMs in tears of healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Perumal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Tears as a source of biomarkers for ocular and systemic diseases. Exp Eye Res 2013; 117:126-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Baudouin C, Aragona P, Messmer EM, Tomlinson A, Calonge M, Boboridis KG, Akova YA, Geerling G, Labetoulle M, Rolando M. Role of hyperosmolarity in the pathogenesis and management of dry eye disease: proceedings of the OCEAN group meeting. Ocul Surf 2013; 11:246-58. [PMID: 24112228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface, is common and has a significant impact on quality of life. Reduced aqueous tear flow and/or increased evaporation of the aqueous tear phase leads to tear hyperosmolarity, a key step in the vicious circle of DED pathology. Tear hyperosmolarity gives rise to morphological changes such as apoptosis of cells of the conjunctiva and cornea, and triggers inflammatory cascades that contribute to further cell death, including loss of mucin-producing goblet cells. This exacerbates tear film instability and drives the cycle of events that perpetuate the condition. Traditional approaches to counteracting tear hyperosmolarity in DED include use of hypotonic tear substitutes, which have relatively short persistence in the eye. More recent attempts to counteract tear hyperosmolarity in DED have included osmoprotectants, small organic molecules that are used in many cell types throughout the natural world to restore cell volume and stabilize protein function, allowing adaptation to hyperosmolarity. There is now an expanding pool of clinical data on the efficacy of DED therapies that include osmoprotectants such as erythritol, taurine, trehalose and L-carnitine. Osmoprotectants in DED may directly protect cells against hyperosmolarity and thereby promote exit from the vicious circle of DED physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Baudouin
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts and Vision Institute, Paris, France.
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Zhang Z, Jiang S, Li L. Semi-automated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric imaging platform for enhanced detection and improved data analysis of complex peptides. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1293:44-50. [PMID: 23623366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A semi-automated analytical platform featuring the coupling of monolithic reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI MSI) has been developed and evaluated. This is the first time that LC separation is readily coupled to MS imaging detection for the analysis of complex peptide mixtures both qualitatively and quantitatively. Methacrylate-based monolithic column with C12 functional groups is fabricated for fast RPLC separation. The LC flow and matrix flow are collected on a commercially available MALDI plate which is mechanically controlled and analyzed with MALDI MSI subsequently. Both tryptic peptides digested from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and endogenous neuropeptides extracted from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus are analyzed with this novel LC-MSI platform. Compared with regular offline LC fractionation coupled with MALDI MS detection, LC-MSI exhibits significantly increased MS signal intensity due to retaining of temporal resolution from separation dimension via continuous sampling, which results in increased number of peptides detected and accurate quantitation. In addition, imaging signals enable improved data analysis based on either mass-to-charge ratio or retention time, which is extremely beneficial for the analysis of complex analytes. These findings have demonstrated the potential of employing LC-MSI platform for enhanced proteomics and peptidomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Zhou L, Beuerman RW. Tear analysis in ocular surface diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 31:527-50. [PMID: 22732126 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The thin layer of tears covering the ocular surface are a complex body fluid containing thousands of molecules of varied form and function of several origins. In this review, we have discussed some key issues in the analysis of tears in the context of understanding and diagnosing eye disease using current technologies of proteomics and metabolomics, and for their potential for clinical application. In the last several years, advances in proteomics/metabolomics/lipidomics technologies have greatly expanded our knowledge of the chemical composition of tear fluid. The quickened pace of studies has shown that tears as a complex extra-cellular fluid of the ocular surface contains a great deal of molecular information useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ocular surface diseases that has the ability to addresses the emphasis on personalized medicine and biomarkers of disease. Future research directions will likely include (1) standardize tear collection, storage, extraction, and sample preparation; (2) quantitative proteomic analysis of tear proteins using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based mass spectrometry; (3) population based studies of human tear proteomics/metabolomics; (4) tear proteomics/metabolomics for systemic diseases; and (5) functional studies of tear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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