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Naoumkina M, Hinchliffe DJ, Thyssen GN. Naturally colored cotton for wearable applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1350405. [PMID: 38576792 PMCID: PMC10991814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1350405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Naturally colored cotton (NCC) offers an environmentally friendly fiber for textile applications. Processing white cotton fiber into textiles requires extensive energy, water, and chemicals, whereas processing of NCC skips the most polluting activity, scouring-bleaching and dyeing; therefore, NCC provides an avenue to minimize the harmful impacts of textile production. NCC varieties are suitable for organic agriculture since they are naturally insect and disease-resistant, salt and drought-tolerant. Various fiber shades, ranging from light green to tan and brown, are available in the cultivated NCC (Gossypium hirsutum L.) species. The pigments responsible for the color of brown cotton fiber are proanthocyanidins or their derivatives synthesized by the flavonoid pathway. Due to pigments, the NCC has excellent ultraviolet protection properties. Some brown cotton varieties exhibited superior thermal resistance of fiber that can be used to make fabrics with enhanced flame retardancy. Here, we review molecular mechanisms involved in the pigment production of brown cotton and challenges in breeding NCC varieties with a wide range of colors but without penalty in fiber quality. Also, we discuss opportunities for NCC with flame-retarding properties in textile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Naoumkina
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience and Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), New Orleans, LA, United States
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Zheng H, Jiao J, Niu Q, Zhu N, Huang Y, Ke L, Tang S, Liu H, Sun Y. Cloning and functional analysis of GhDFR1, a key gene of flavonoid synthesis pathway in naturally colored cotton. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4865-4873. [PMID: 37052804 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The naturally colored brown cotton fiber is the most widely used environmentally friendly textile material, which primarily contains proanthocyanidins and their derivatives. Many structural genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway are known to improve the genetic resources of naturally colored cotton. Among them, DFR is a crucial late enzyme to synthesis both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the plant flavonoid pathway. METHODS The protein sequences of GhDFRs were analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The expression levels of GhDFRs in various tissues and organs of upland cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1), were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression pattern of GhDFR1 during fiber development of white cotton and brown cotton was analyzed further. The function of GhDFR1 in NCC ZX1 was preliminarily analyzed by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis revealed that GhDFRs sequences in upland cotton genome were extremely conserved. Furthermore, evolutionary tree analysis revealed that the functions of GhDFR1 and GhDFR2, and GhDFR3 and GhDFR4, presented different and shared some similarities. Our study showed GhDFR1 and GhDFR2 were specifically expressed in fibers, while GhDFR3 and GhDFR4 were specifically expressed in petals. GhDFR1 was exclusively expressed in brown cotton fiber at various stages of development and progressively increased with the growth of fiber, but the trend of expression in white cotton was quite the opposite. We silenced GhDFR1 expression in brown cotton fiber using VIGS technology, and observed the VIGS-interference plants. After reducing the expression level of GhDFR1, the period for significant GhDFR1 expression in the developing fibers changed, reducing the content of anthocyanins, and lightening the color of mature cotton fibers. CONCLUSION GhDFR1 was preferentially expressed in brown cotton during fiber development. The timing of GhDFR1 expression for flavonoid synthesis altered, resulting in anthocyanin contents reduced and the fiber color of the GhDFR1i lines lightened. These findings showed the role of GhDFR1 in fiber coloration of NCC and provided a new candidate for NCC genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junye Jiao
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Niu
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshuai Huang
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwu Tang
- China Colored-Cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- China Colored-Cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Lv YP, Zhao G, Xie YF, Owusu AG, Wu Y, Gao JS. Transcriptome and Metabolome Profiling Unveil Pigment Formation Variations in Brown Cotton Lines (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065249. [PMID: 36982328 PMCID: PMC10049672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally brown colored cotton (NBCC) is becoming increasingly popular due to its natural properties of coloration. However, poor fiber quality and color fading are key issues that are hindering the cultivation of naturally colored cotton. In this study, based on transcriptome and metabolome of 18 days post-anthesis (DPA), we compared the variations of pigment formation in two brown cotton fibers (DCF and LCF), with white cotton fiber (WCF) belonging to a near-isogenic line. A transcriptome study revealed a total of 15,785 differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, for flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, such as flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and chalcone isomerase (CHI), their expressions significantly increased in LCF compared with DCF and WCF. Moreover, transcription factors MYB and bHLH were significantly expressed in LCF and DCF. Most flavonoid-related metabolites (myricetin naringenin, catechin, epicatechin-epiafzelechin, and epigallocatechin) were found to be more highly up-regulated in LCF and DCF than WCF. These findings reveal the regulatory mechanism controlling different brown pigmentation in cotton fibers and elucidate the need for the proper selection of high-quality brown cotton fiber breeding lines for promising fiber quality and durable brown color pigmentation.
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Effects of Natural Brown Cotton Bleached Gauze on Wound Healing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062070. [PMID: 35329520 PMCID: PMC8954754 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural brown cotton has favorable antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In this study, we explored the effect of gauze made from natural brown cotton after scouring and bleaching on wound healing in rats. In this work, a control experiment was adopted. The control group used absorbent cotton gauze, and the experimental group utilized natural brown cotton bleached gauze. The materials were applied to rat models to explore the effects of the two dressings on wound healing. By analyzing the wound healing state of rats, calculating the healing rate, and combining the pathological HE staining, Masson staining, and CD31 immunohistochemical staining, the results showed that both gauzes have positive effects on the wound healing of the rats. Moreover, compared with the control group, the wound healing rate of rats in the experimental group increased by 14.81%, the number of inflammatory cells decreased by 12.93%, the number of new blood vessels increased by 6.88%, the growth rate of the granulation tissue area was 10.76%, the step-up rate of the area occupied by collagen was 33.71%, and the increase rate of optical density value was 10.00%. This study found that natural brown cotton bleached gauze has a better effect on wound healing than ordinary absorbent cotton gauze, and can be used as medical dressings.
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Wang Z, Zhang X, He S, Rehman A, Jia Y, Li H, Pan Z, Geng X, Gao Q, Wang L, Peng Z, Du X. Transcriptome Co-expression Network and Metabolome Analysis Identifies Key Genes and Regulators of Proanthocyanidins Biosynthesis in Brown Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:822198. [PMID: 35237281 PMCID: PMC8882990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.822198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Brown cotton fiber (BCF) is a unique raw material of naturally colored cotton (NCC). But characteristics of the regulatory gene network and metabolic components related to the proanthocyanidins biosynthesis pathway at various stages of its fiber development remain unclear. Here, the dynamic changes in proanthocyanidins biosynthesis components and transcripts in the BCF variety "Zong 1-61" and its white near-isogenic lines (NILs) "RT" were characterized at five fiber developmental stages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days post-anthesis; DPA). Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), comparison of metabolome differences, and pathway enrichment analysis of a weighted gene correlation network analysis together revealed the dominant gene expression of flavonoid biosynthesis (FB), phenylpropanoid metabolisms, and some carbohydrate metabolisms at 15 or 20 DPA than white cotton. Eventually, 63 genes were identified from five modules putatively related to FB. Three R2R3-MYB and two bHLH transcription factors were predicted as the core genes. Further, GhANS, GhANR1, and GhUFGT2 were preliminarily regulated by GhMYB46, GhMYB6, and GhMYB3, respectively, according to yeast one-hybrid assays in vitro. Our findings provide an important transcriptional regulatory network of proanthocyanidins biosynthesis pathway and dynamic flavonoid metabolism profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hongge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Liru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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Biochemical and Expression Analyses Revealed the Involvement of Proanthocyanidins and/or Their Derivatives in Fiber Pigmentation of Gossypium stocksii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23021008. [PMID: 35055193 PMCID: PMC8779443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild cotton species Gossypium stocksii produces a brown fiber that provides a valuable resource for the color improvement of naturally colored cotton (NCC) fiber. However, the biochemical basis and molecular mechanism of its fiber pigmentation remain unclear. Herein, we analyzed the dynamics of proanthocyanidins (PAs) accumulation in developing the fiber of G. stocksii, which suggested a similar role of PAs and/or their derivatives in the fiber coloration of G. stocksii. In addition, comparative transcriptomics analyses revealed that the PA biosynthetic genes were expressed at higher levels and for a longer period in developing fibers of G. stocksii than G. arboreum (white fiber), and the transcription factors, such as TT8, possibly played crucial regulatory roles in regulating the PA branch genes. Moreover, we found that the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) was expressed at a higher level than the leucoanthocyanidin reductases (LARs) and significantly upregulated during fiber elongation, suggesting a major role of ANR in PA synthesis in G. stocksii fiber. In summary, this work revealed the accumulation of PAs and the expression enhancement of PA biosynthetic genes in developing fibers of G. stocksii. We believe this work will help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cotton fiber coloration and further promote the future breeding of novel NCCs.
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Tang S, Xian Y, Wang F, Luo C, Song W, Xie S, Chen X, Cao A, Li H, Liu H. Comparative transcriptome analysis of leaves during early stages of chilling stress in two different chilling-tolerant brown-fiber cotton cultivars. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246801. [PMID: 33561168 PMCID: PMC7872267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilling stress generates significant inhibition of normal growth and development of cotton plants and lead to severe reduction of fiber quality and yield. Currently, little is known for the molecular mechanism of brown-fiber cotton (BFC) to respond to chilling stress. Herein, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based comparative analysis of leaves under 4°C treatment in two different-tolerant BFC cultivars, chilling-sensitive (CS) XC20 and chilling-tolerant (CT) Z1612, was performed to investigate the response mechanism. A total of 72650 unigenes were identified with eight commonly used databases. Venn diagram analysis identified 1194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significant up-regulation in all comparison groups. Furthermore, enrichment analyses of COG and KEGG, as well as qRT-PCR validation, indicated that 279 genes were discovered as up-regulated DEGs (UDEGs) with constant significant increased expression in CT cultivar Z1612 groups at the dimensions of both each comparison group and treatment time, locating in the enriched pathways of signal transduction, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and cell component. Moreover, the comprehensive analyses of gene expression, physiological index and intracellular metabolite detections, and ascorbate antioxidative metabolism measurement validated the functional contributions of these identified candidate genes and pathways to chilling stress. Together, this study for the first time report the candidate key genes and metabolic pathways responding to chilling stress in BFC, and provide the effective reference for understanding the regulatory mechanism of low temperature adaptation in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Yajie Xian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Wu Song
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Shuangquan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Aiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
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Tang Z, Fan Y, Zhang L, Zheng C, Chen A, Sun Y, Guo H, Wu J, Li T, Fan Y, Lian X, Guo H, Ma X, Chen H, Zeng F. Quantitative metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals complex regulatory pathway underlying photoinduced fiber color formation in cotton. Gene 2020; 767:145180. [PMID: 33002572 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As an important plant single cell model and textile application materials, poorly known about fiber color formation in cotton, which is sensitively regulated by environmental signals. Our studies underline the importance of photo signal on sensitive fiber color formation and characterize fiber color early initiation (15 DPA) and late accumulated metabolites (45 DPA) in different lighting condition. The results revealed 236 differential metabolites between control and shading, of which phenylpropanoids metabolites accounted for 20%, including uncharacterized novel metabolites and pathways. Furthermore, the early initiation specific genes respond to the absence of light are highly correlated with phenylpropanoid metabolites related to pigmentation. The current study reveals the complex pathways involving early initiation regulation and late metabolic pathways. In addition, the collection composed of uncharacterized photoinduced metabolites and early initiation signaling/regulatory genes were identified, which are important resources for understanding fiber color formation. This report provides new insight into molecular regulatory and biochemical basis underlying photoinduced fiber color formation in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yijie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Congcong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Aiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haixia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yupeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xin Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fanchang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Gao J, Shen L, Yuan J, Zheng H, Su Q, Yang W, Zhang L, Nnaemeka VE, Sun J, Ke L, Sun Y. Functional analysis of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR in colored fiber formation of Gossypium hirsutum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:455. [PMID: 31664897 PMCID: PMC6819470 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of natural colored fibers mainly results from the accumulation of different anthocyanidins and their derivatives in the fibers of Gossypium hirsutum L. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first committed enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanidins are transported into fiber cells after biosynthesis mainly by Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) to present diverse colors with distinct stability. The biochemical and molecular mechanism of pigment formation in natural colored cotton fiber is not clear. RESULTS The three key genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed in the developing fibers of colored cotton. In the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic cottons, the expression levels of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR significantly decreased in the developing cotton fiber, negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanidins and the color depth of cotton fiber. In colored cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1) and the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic lines of ZX1, HZ and ZH, the anthocyanidin contents of the leaves, cotton kernels, the mixture of fiber and seedcoat were all changed and positively correlated with the fiber color. CONCLUSION The three genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed early in developing colored cotton fibers and identified to be a key genes of cotton fiber color formation. The expression levels of the three genes affected the anthocyanidin contents and fiber color depth. So the three genes played a crucial part in cotton fiber color formation and has important significant to improve natural colored cotton quality and create new colored cotton germplasm resources by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Gao
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Li Shen
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Quansheng Su
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Vitalis Ekene Nnaemeka
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
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Comparative non-targeted metabolomic analysis reveals insights into the mechanism of rice yellowing. Food Chem 2019; 308:125621. [PMID: 31644969 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yellowing of rice during storage is a highly concerned issue for managing rice quality whereas the yellowing mechanism is not clearly elucidated so far. Thus, the comparative untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed in this study. The results revealed that glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were significantly enhanced in yellowed rice, indicating the activated energy metabolism was trigged during the yellowing process. In addition, the increased aromatic compounds (4-hydroxycinnamic acid and benzoic acid) and their precursors (phenylalanine, tyrosine) suggested the activation of shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in yellowed rice, which is an antioxidant defense related pathway. In particular, the pathways involved in the metabolism of glutamate and arginine also significantly altered in yellowed rice. Therefore, the enriched pathways of increased amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and intermediates of the TCA cycle during yellowing process are proposed to be associated with the response of heat and dry induced by the yellowing process.
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Sun S, Xiong XP, Zhu Q, Li YJ, Sun J. Transcriptome Sequencing and Metabolome Analysis Reveal Genes Involved in Pigmentation of Green-Colored Cotton Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4838. [PMID: 31569469 PMCID: PMC6801983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green-colored fiber (GCF) is the unique raw material for naturally colored cotton textile but we know little about the pigmentation process in GCF. Here we compared transcriptomes and metabolomes of 12, 18 and 24 days post-anthesis (DPA) fibers from a green fiber cotton accession and its white-colored fiber (WCF) near-isogenic line. We found a total of 2047 non-redundant metabolites in GCF and WCF that were enriched in 80 pathways, including those of biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid, cutin, suberin, and wax. Most metabolites, particularly sinapaldehyde, of the phenylpropanoid pathway had a higher level in GCF than in WCF, consistent with the significant up-regulation of the genes responsible for biosynthesis of those metabolites. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of genes differentially expressed between GCF and WCF was used to uncover gene-modules co-expressed or associated with the accumulation of green pigments. Of the 16 gene-modules co-expressed with fiber color or time points, the blue module associated with G24 (i.e., GCF at 24 DPA) was of particular importance because a large proportion of its genes were significantly up-regulated at 24 DPA when fiber color was visually distinguishable between GCF and WCF. A total of 56 hub genes, including the two homoeologous Gh4CL4 that could act in green pigment biosynthesis, were identified among the genes of the blue module that are mainly involved in lipid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, RNA transcription, signaling, and transport. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying pigmentation of green fibers and clues for developing cottons with stable green colored fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Bei 5 Road, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xian-Peng Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Bei 5 Road, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Bei 5 Road, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Bei 5 Road, Shihezi 832003, China.
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Ijaz B, Zhao N, Kong J, Hua J. Fiber Quality Improvement in Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.): Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection Application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1585. [PMID: 31921240 PMCID: PMC6917639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement in fiber quality is one of the main challenges for cotton breeders. Fiber quality traits are controlled by multiple genes and are classified as complex quantitative traits, with a negative relationship with yield potential, so the genetic gain is low in traditional genetic improvement by phenotypic selection. The availability of Gossypium genomic sequences facilitates the development of high-throughput molecular markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) fine mapping and gene identification, which helps us to validate candidate genes and to use marker assisted selection (MAS) on fiber quality in breeding programs. Based on developments of high density linkage maps, QTLs fine mapping, marker selection and omics, we have performed trait dissection on fiber quality traits in diverse populations of upland cotton. QTL mapping combined with multi-omics approaches such as, RNA sequencing datasets to identify differentially expressed genes have benefited the improvement of fiber quality. In this review, we discuss the application of molecular markers, QTL mapping and MAS for fiber quality improvement in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Ijaz
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinping Hua,
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13
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Yan Q, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Ding H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Luo M, Liu D, Song W, Liu H, Yao D, Ouyang X, Li Y, Li X, Pei Y, Xiao Y. Up-regulation of GhTT2-3A in cotton fibres during secondary wall thickening results in brown fibres with improved quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1735-1747. [PMID: 29509985 PMCID: PMC6131414 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brown cotton fibres are the most widely used naturally coloured raw materials for the eco-friendly textile industry. Previous studies have indicated that brown fibre pigments belong to proanthocyanidins (PAs) or their derivatives, and fibre coloration is negatively associated with cotton productivity and fibre quality. To date, the molecular basis controlling the biosynthesis and accumulation of brown pigments in cotton fibres is largely unknown. In this study, based on expressional and transgenic analyses of cotton homologs of ArabidopsisPA regulator TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2) and fine-mapping of the cotton dark-brown fibre gene (Lc1), we show that a TT2 homolog, GhTT2-3A, controls PA biosynthesis and brown pigmentation in cotton fibres. We observed that GhTT2-3A activated GhbHLH130D, a homolog of ArabidopsisTT8, which in turn synergistically acted with GhTT2-3A to activate downstream PA structural genes and PA synthesis and accumulation in cotton fibres. Furthermore, the up-regulation of GhTT2-3A in fibres at the secondary wall-thickening stage resulted in brown mature fibres, and fibre quality and lint percentage were comparable to that of the white-fibre control. The findings of this study reveal the regulatory mechanism controlling brown pigmentation in cotton fibres and demonstrate a promising biotechnological strategy to break the negative linkage between coloration and fibre quality and/or productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qian Li
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhengsheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biological Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hui Ding
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Housheng Liu
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dexin Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biological Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wu Song
- Institute of Xinjiang Naturally‐Coloured CottonChina Coloured Cotton (Group) CompanyUrumchiXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Institute of Xinjiang Naturally‐Coloured CottonChina Coloured Cotton (Group) CompanyUrumchiXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina
| | - Dan Yao
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xufen Ouyang
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaohua Li
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Li
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research CenterChongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified CropsSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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14
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Liu HF, Luo C, Song W, Shen H, Li G, He ZG, Chen WG, Cao YY, Huang F, Tang SW, Hong P, Zhao EF, Zhu J, He D, Wang S, Huo GY, Liu H. Flavonoid biosynthesis controls fiber color in naturally colored cotton. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4537. [PMID: 29682406 PMCID: PMC5910794 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of only natural brown and green cotton fibers (BCF and GCF, respectively), as well as poor fiber quality, limits the use of naturally colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A better understanding of fiber pigment regulation is needed to surmount these obstacles. In this work, transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that 13 and 9 phenylpropanoid (metabolic) pathway genes were enriched during pigment synthesis, while the differential expression of phenylpropanoid (metabolic) and flavonoid metabolic pathway genes occurred among BCF, GCF, and white cotton fibers (WCF). Silencing the chalcone flavanone isomerase gene in a BCF line resulted in three fiber phenotypes among offspring of the RNAi lines: BCF, almost WCF, and GCF. The lines with almost WCF suppressed chalcone flavanone isomerase, while the lines with GCF highly expressed the glucosyl transferase (3GT) gene. Overexpression of the Gh3GT or Arabidopsis thaliana 3GT gene in BCF lines resulted in GCF. Additionally, the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites of BCF and GCF were significantly higher than those of WCF as assessed by a metabolomics analysis. Thus, the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway controls both brown and green pigmentation processes. Like natural colored fibers, the transgenic colored fibers were weaker and shorter than WCF. This study shows the potential of flavonoid pathway modifications to alter cotton fibers’ color and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Liu
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wu Song
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-Gang Chen
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan-Yan Cao
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Huang
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shou-Wu Tang
- China Colored-cotton (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ping Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - En-Feng Zhao
- Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dajun He
- Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guang-Ying Huo
- Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Feng H, Yang Y, Sun S, Li Y, Zhang L, Tian J, Zhu Q, Feng Z, Zhu H, Sun J. Molecular analysis of caffeoyl residues related to pigmentation in green cotton fibers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4559-4569. [PMID: 28981784 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pigment components in green cotton fibers were isolated and identified as 22-O-caffeoyl-22-hydroxymonodocosanoin and 22-O-caffeoyl-22-hydroxydocosanoic acid. The concentration of 22-O-caffeoyl-22-hydroxymonodocosanoin correlated positively with the degree of colour in the green fibers, indicating a role for caffeoyl derivatives in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) contains four genes, Gh4CL1-Gh4CL4, encoding 4-coumarate:CoA ligases (4CLs), key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. In 15-24-day post-anthesis fibers, the expression level of Gh4CL1 was very low, Gh4CL3 had a similar expression level in both white and green cottons, Gh4CL2 had a significantly higher expression level in green fibers than in white fibers, while Gh4CL4 had a higher expression level in white fibers than in green fibers. According to enzyme kinetics analysis, Gh4CL1 displayed a preference for 4-coumarate, Gh4CL3 and Gh4CL4 exhibited a somewhat low but still prominent activity towards ferulate, while Gh4CL2 had a strong preference for caffeate and ferulate. These results suggest that Gh4CL2 might be involved in the metabolism of caffeoyl residues and related to pigment biosynthesis in green cotton fibers. Our findings provide insights for understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of pigmentation in green cotton fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shichao Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
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16
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Mujahid H, Pendarvis K, Reddy JS, Nallamilli BRR, Reddy KR, Nanduri B, Peng Z. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Cotton Fiber Development and Protein Extraction Method Comparison in Late Stage Fibers. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4010007. [PMID: 28248216 PMCID: PMC5217364 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct stages of cotton fiber development and maturation serve as a single-celled model for studying the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation, cell wall development and cellulose biosynthesis. However, this model system of plant cell development is compromised for proteomic studies due to a lack of an efficient protein extraction method during the later stages of fiber development, because of a recalcitrant cell wall and the presence of abundant phenolic compounds. Here, we compared the quality and quantities of proteins extracted from 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber with multiple protein extraction methods and present a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of fiber development from 10 dpa to 25 dpa. Comparative analysis using a label-free quantification method revealed 287 differentially-expressed proteins in the 10 dpa to 25 dpa fiber developmental period. Proteins involved in cell wall metabolism and regulation, cytoskeleton development and carbohydrate metabolism among other functional categories in four fiber developmental stages were identified. Our studies provide protocols for protein extraction from maturing fiber tissues for mass spectrometry analysis and expand knowledge of the proteomic profile of cotton fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Ken Pendarvis
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Babi Ramesh Reddy Nallamilli
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - K R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Liu J, Pang C, Wei H, Song M, Meng Y, Fan S, Yu S. Proteomic analysis of anthers from wild-type and photosensitive genetic male sterile mutant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:390. [PMID: 25547499 PMCID: PMC4311434 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male sterility is a common phenomenon in flowering plant species, and it has been successfully developed in several crops by taking advantage of heterosis. Using space mutation breeding of upland cotton, a novel photosensitive genetic male sterile (PGMS) mutant was isolated. To take advantage of the PGMS lines in cotton hybrid breeding, it is of great importance to study the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. RESULTS Delayed degradation of the PGMS anther tapetum occurred at different developmental stages as shown by analysis of anther cross-sections. To gain detailed insights into the cellular defects that occurred during PGMS pollen development, we used a differential proteomic approach to investigate the protein profiles of mutant and wild-type anthers at the tetrad, uninucleate and binucleate pollen stages. This approach identified 62 differentially expressed protein spots, including 19 associated with energy and metabolic pathways, 7 involved with pollen tube growth, 5 involved with protein metabolism, and 4 involved with pollen wall development. The remaining 27 protein spots were classified into other functional processes, such as protein folding and assembly (5 spots), and stress defense (4 spots). These differentially expressed proteins strikingly affected pollen development in the PGMS mutant anther and resulted in abnormal pollen grain formation, which may be the key reason for its male sterility. CONCLUSIONS This work represents the first study using comparative proteomics between fertile and PGMS cotton plants to identify PGMS-related proteins. The results demonstrate the presence of a complicated metabolic network in anther development and advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microgamete formation, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- />College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Province China
- />State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Chaoyou Pang
- />State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Hengling Wei
- />State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Meizhen Song
- />State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- />Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Soiences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430064 Hubei Province China
| | - Shuli Fan
- />State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- />College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Province China
- />State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 Henan Province China
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18
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Feng H, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Liu Y, Xue F, Sun Y, Wang Y, Sun J. Molecular analysis of proanthocyanidins related to pigmentation in brown cotton fibre (Gossypium hirsutum L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5759-5769. [PMID: 25086591 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The structural characteristics and component differences of proanthocyanidins in brown and white cotton fibres were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses. Proanthocyanidins in brown and white cotton fibres were found to contain mainly procyanidin (PC) and prodelphidin (PD) units with 2, 3-cis form (epigallocatechin and epicatechin). However, part of the proanthocyanidins in the white cotton fibres were modified by acylation and were constitutively different from the proanthocyanidins in brown cotton fibres. The relative amount of PD was similar to that of PC in white cotton fibres, while proanthocyanidins in brown cotton fibres consisted mainly of PD units with a relative ratio of 9:1. In brown cotton fibres, the proanthocyanidin monomeric composition was consistent with the expression profiles of proanthocyanidin synthase genes, suggesting that anthocyanidin reductase represented the major flow of the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway. In addition, the structural characteristics and component differences of proanthocanidins in brown and white cotton fibres suggested that quinones, the oxidation products of proanthocyanidins, were the direct contributors to colour development in brown cotton fibre. This was demonstrated by vanillin-HCl staining and Borntrager's test. Collectively, these data demonstrated that the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins is a crucial pigmentation process in brown cotton fibre, and that quinones may represent the main pigments contributing to formation of the the brown colour. This study revealed the molecular basis of pigmentation in brown cotton fibres, and provided important insights for genetic manipulation of pigment production in cotton fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Feng
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Shaofang Wang
- Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchuang Liu
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Fei Xue
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Province, China
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Zhou M, Sun G, Sun Z, Tang Y, Wu Y. Cotton proteomics for deciphering the mechanism of environment stress response and fiber development. J Proteomics 2014; 105:74-84. [PMID: 24680693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cotton fiber is considered as the backbone of the textile industry. The productivity of cotton crop is severely hampered by the occurrence of pathogens, pests, and various environmental factors. Nevertheless, cotton plant has developed sophisticated mechanisms to respond to environment stresses to avoid detrimental effects on its growth and development. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of cotton fiber development and environment stress response is of considerable interest for designing agriculture breeding strategies to ensure sustainable productivity. The application of proteomics technologies to advance our knowledge in cotton fiber development and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance has increased dramatically in the last 5years as evidenced by the large amount of publications in this area. This review summarizes the work which has been reported for cotton proteomics and evaluates the findings in context of the approaches that are widely employed with the aim to generate novel insight useful for cotton improvement. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is considered as the foremost commercially important fiber crop grown all over the world and is deemed as the backbone of the textile industry. Cotton is also an important source of edible oil seed and a nutrient-rich food crop as cottonseed contains high-quality protein and oil. The growth and productivity of cotton crop are often hampered by various biotic stress factors, such as insect pests and pathogens. In addition, cotton plants are frequently subjected to unavoidable environmental factors that cause abiotic stress, such as salt, heat and drought. Proteomic techniques provide one of the best options for understanding the gene function and phenotypic changes during cotton fiber development and stress response. This review first summarizes the work which has been reported for cotton proteomics about cotton fiber development and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and also evaluates the findings in context of the approaches that are widely employed during last 5years, with the aim to generate novel insight useful for cotton improvement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiliang Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhanmin Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yixiong Tang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Wu X, Gong F, Wang W. Protein extraction from plant tissues for 2DE and its application in proteomic analysis. Proteomics 2014; 14:645-58. [PMID: 24395710 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant tissues contain large amounts of secondary compounds that significantly interfere with protein extraction and 2DE analysis. Thus, sample preparation is a crucial step prior to 2DE in plant proteomics. This tutorial highlights the guidelines that need to be followed to perform an adequate total protein extraction before 2DE in plant proteomics. We briefly describe the history, development, and feature of major sample preparation methods for the 2DE analysis of plant tissues, that is, trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation and phenol extraction. We introduce the interfering compounds in plant tissues and the general guidelines for tissue disruption, protein precipitation and resolubilization. We describe in details the advantages, limitations, and application of the trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation and phenol extraction methods to enable the readers to select the appropriate method for a specific species, tissue, or cell type. The current applications of the sample preparation methods in plant proteomics in the literature are analyzed. A comparative proteomic analysis between male and female plants of Pistacia chinensis is used as an example to represent the sample preparation methodology in 2DE-based proteomics. Finally, the current limitations and future development of these sample preparation methods are discussed. This Tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science in Henan Province, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Transcriptome and biochemical analyses revealed a detailed proanthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway in brown cotton fiber. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86344. [PMID: 24466041 PMCID: PMC3897678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown cotton fiber is the major raw material for colored cotton industry. Previous studies have showed that the brown pigments in cotton fiber belong to proanthocyanidins (PAs). To clarify the details of PA biosynthesis pathway in brown cotton fiber, gene expression profiles in developing brown and white fibers were compared via digital gene expression profiling and qRT-PCR. Compared to white cotton fiber, all steps from phenylalanine to PA monomers (flavan-3-ols) were significantly up-regulated in brown fiber. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analyses showed that most of free flavan-3-ols in brown fiber were in 2, 3-trans form (gallocatechin and catechin), and the main units of polymeric PAs were trihydroxylated on B ring. Consistent with monomeric composition, the transcript levels of flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase in cotton fiber were much higher than their competing enzymes acting on the same substrates (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin synthase, respectively). Taken together, our data revealed a detailed PA biosynthesis pathway wholly activated in brown cotton fiber, and demonstrated that flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase represented the primary flow of PA biosynthesis in cotton fiber.
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Gao Z, Liu C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yi K, Zhao X, Cui ML. The promoter structure differentiation of a MYB transcription factor RLC1 causes red leaf coloration in Empire Red Leaf Cotton under light. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77891. [PMID: 24205014 PMCID: PMC3812142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The red leaf coloration of Empire Red Leaf Cotton (ERLC) (Gossypium hirsutum L.), resulted from anthocyanin accumulation in light, is a well known dominant agricultural trait. However, the underpin molecular mechanism remains elusive. To explore this, we compared the molecular biological basis of anthocyanin accumulation in both ERLC and the green leaf cotton variety CCRI 24 (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Introduction of R2R3-MYB transcription factor Rosea1, the master regulator anthocyanin biosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus, into CCRI 24 induced anthocyanin accumulation, indicating structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis are not defected and the leaf coloration might be caused by variation of regulatory genes expression. Expression analysis found that a transcription factor RLC1 (Red Leaf Cotton 1) which encodes the ortholog of PAP1/Rosea1 was highly expressed in leaves of ERLC but barely expressed in CCRI 24 in light. Ectopic expression of RLC1 from ERLC and CCRI 24 in hairy roots of Antirrhinum majus and CCRI 24 significantly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation. Comparison of RLC1 promoter sequences between ERLC and CCRI 24 revealed two 228-bp tandem repeats presented in ERLC with only one repeat in CCRI 24. Transient assays in cotton leave tissue evidenced that the tandem repeats in ERLC is responsible for light-induced RLC1 expression and therefore anthocyanin accumulation. Taken together, our results in this article strongly support an important step toward understanding the role of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in the regulatory menchanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf cotton under light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Min-Long Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, China
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Li YJ, Wang FX, Wang YQ, Liu YC, Zhang XY, Sun YQ, Sun J. Identification of the proteins in green cotton fiber using a proteomics-based approach. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1519-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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