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Nadezhda N, Tyumentseva A, Ruksha T. Novel somatic Missense Mutations in Exon 11 of the KIT Gene are Detected in Melanoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3015-3020. [PMID: 37774052 PMCID: PMC10762753 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyze mutations of the mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) gene in patients with melanoma from Eastern Siberia regions of the Russian Federation. METHODS KIT gene mutations in exons 11 and 13 were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in 57 tumor samples obtained from patients with KIT-positive melanomas localized in preferable locations. RESULT Mutations were identified in 21% of patients. Among them, multiple mutations were identified in five patients. A total of 18 mutations were observed in the KIT gene, of which three were deletions and fourteen substitution mutations. Age, gender and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cutaneous KIT-positive melanoma in Eastern Siberia corresponded to the European population. According to computational prediction tools, all mutations were evaluated as potentially harmful. CONCLUSION The six novel mutations reported in the present study expand our knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma, which can be used to further explore methods to improve disease therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Nadezhda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zeleznyaka str. 1, 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna Tyumentseva
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Акаdemgorodok Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana Ruksha
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zeleznyaka str. 1, 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
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Luo Z, Xu J, Xu D, Xu J, Zhou R, Deng K, Chen Z, Zou F, Yao L, Hu Y. Mechanism of immune escape mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase KIT in thyroid cancer. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e851. [PMID: 37506147 PMCID: PMC10336654 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the fastest-growing malignant tumors. This study sought to explore the mechanism of immune escape mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) in TC. METHODS The expression microarray of TC was acquired through the GEO database, and the difference analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. KIT levels in TC cell lines (K1/SW579/BCPAP) and human normal thyroid cells were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. TC cells were transfected with overexpressed (oe)-KIT and CD8+ T cells were cocultured with SW579 cells. Subsequently, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities, CD8+ T cell proliferation, cytokine levels (interferon-γ [IFN-γ]/tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were determined using colony formation assay, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation of MAPK pathway-related protein (ERK) was measured by western blot analysis. After transfection with oe-KIT, cells were treated with anisomycin (an activator of the MAPK pathway), and the protein levels of p-ERK/ERK and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were detected. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes (N = 2472) were obtained from the GEO database. KIT was reduced in TC samples and lower in tumor cells than those in normal cells. Overexpression of KIT inhibited immune escape of TC cells. Specifically, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of TC cells were lowered, the proliferation level of CD8+ T cells was elevated, and IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were increased. KIT inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway in TC cells and downregulated PD-L1. CONCLUSION KIT suppressed immune escape of TC by blocking the activation of the MAPK pathway and downregulating PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongjun Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Keping Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cadena-Ullauri S, Paz-Cruz E, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Guevara-Ramírez P, Ruiz-Pozo V, Solis-Pazmino P, Garcia C, Godoy R, Lincango-Naranjo E, Zambrano AK. Identification of KIT and BRAF mutations in thyroid tissue using next-generation sequencing in an Ecuadorian patient: A case report. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1101530. [PMID: 36733350 PMCID: PMC9887188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide. Ecuador presents the highest incidence among Latin American countries and the second around the world. Genetic alteration is the driving force for thyroid tumorigenesis and progression. The change from valine (V) to glutamic acid (E) at codon 600 of the BRAF gene (BRAFVal600Glu) is the most commonly reported mutation in thyroid cancer. Moreover, the BRAF mutation is not the only mutation that has been correlated with TC. For instance, mutations and overexpression of the KIT gene has been associated with different types of cancer, including lung and colon cancer, and neuroblastoma. Case presentation A woman in her early fifties, self-identified as mestizo, from Otavalo, Imbabura-Ecuador had no systemic diseases and denied allergies, but she had a family history of a benign thyroid nodule. Physical examination revealed a thyroid gland enlargement. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy indicated papillary thyroid cancer. The patient underwent a successful total thyroidectomy with an excellent recovery and no additional treatments after surgery. Using Next-Generation sequencing a heterozygous mutation in the BRAF gene, causing an amino acid change Val600Glu was identified. Similarly, in the KIT gene, a heterozygous mutation resulting in an amino acid change Leu678Phe was detected. Moreover, an ancestry analysis was performed, and the results showed 3.1% African, 20.9% European, and 76% Native American ancestry. Conclusions This report represents the genetic characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer in an Ecuadorian woman with a mainly Native American ethnic component. Further studies of pathological variants are needed to determine if the combined demographic and molecular profiles are useful to develop targeted treatments focused on the Ecuadorian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Solis-Pazmino
- Surgery Group of Los Angeles, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Instituto de la Tiroides y Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello (ITECC), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cristhian Garcia
- Instituto de la Tiroides y Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello (ITECC), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richard Godoy
- Instituto de la Tiroides y Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello (ITECC), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eddy Lincango-Naranjo
- Instituto de la Tiroides y Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello (ITECC), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Quito, Ecuador,Department of Teaching and Research, Hospital Vozandes, Quito, Ecuador,CaTaLiNA Research Initiative (Cáncer de tiroides en Latinoamérica), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador,*Correspondence: Ana Karina Zambrano,
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Broit N, Johansson PA, Rodgers CB, Walpole ST, Newell F, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Genomics of Mucosal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:991-1004. [PMID: 33707307 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma. To date, there has been no comprehensive systematic collation and statistical analysis of the aberrations and aggregated frequency of driver events across multiple studies. Published studies using whole genome, whole exome, targeted gene panel, or individual gene sequencing were identified. Datasets from these studies were collated to summarize mutations, structural variants, and regions of copy-number alteration. Studies using next-generation sequencing were divided into the "main" cohort (n = 173; fresh-frozen samples), "validation" cohort (n = 48; formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples) and a second "validation" cohort comprised 104 tumors sequenced using a targeted panel. Studies assessing mutations in BRAF, KIT, and NRAS were summarized to assess hotspot mutations. Statistical analysis of the main cohort variant data revealed KIT, NF1, BRAF, NRAS, SF3B1, and SPRED1 as significantly mutated genes. ATRX and SF3B1 mutations occurred more commonly in lower anatomy melanomas and CTNNB1 in the upper anatomy. NF1, PTEN, CDKN2A, SPRED1, ATM, CHEK2, and ARID1B were commonly affected by chromosomal copy loss, while TERT, KIT, BRAF, YAP1, CDK4, CCND1, GAB2, MDM2, SKP2, and MITF were commonly amplified. Further notable genomic alterations occurring at lower frequencies indicated commonality of signaling networks in tumorigenesis, including MAPK, PI3K, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, cell cycle, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance pathways. This analysis identified genomic aberrations that provide some insight to the way in which specific pathways may be disrupted. IMPLICATIONS: Our analysis has shown that mucosal melanomas have a diverse range of genomic alterations in several biological pathways. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/6/991/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chloe B Rodgers
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | | | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Department of Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
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Foster BM, Zaidi D, Young TR, Mobley ME, Kerr BA. CD117/c-kit in Cancer Stem Cell-Mediated Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Biomedicines 2018. [PMID: 29518044 PMCID: PMC5874688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient morbidity and mortality, but due to persisting gaps in our knowledge, it remains untreatable. Metastases often occur as patient tumors progress or recur after initial therapy. Tumor recurrence at the primary site may be driven by a cancer stem-like cell or tumor progenitor cell, while recurrence at a secondary site is driven by metastatic cancer stem cells or metastasis-initiating cells. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying and characterizing these stem-like cells driving recurrence and metastasis. One potential marker for the cancer stem-like cell subpopulation is CD117/c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor associated with cancer progression and normal stem cell maintenance. Further, activation of CD117 by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF; kit ligand) in the progenitor cell niche stimulates several signaling pathways driving proliferation, survival, and migration. This review examines evidence that the SCF/CD117 signaling axis may contribute to the control of cancer progression through the regulation of stemness and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Danish Zaidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Tyler R Young
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mary E Mobley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Franceschi S, Lessi F, Panebianco F, Tantillo E, La Ferla M, Menicagli M, Aretini P, Apollo A, Naccarato AG, Marchetti I, Mazzanti CM. Loss of c-KIT expression in thyroid cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173913. [PMID: 28301608 PMCID: PMC5354407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent histologic type of thyroid tumor. Few studies investigated the role of c-KIT expression in thyroid tumors, suggesting a role for this receptor and its ligand in differentiation and growth control of thyroid epithelium and a receptor loss following malignant transformation. We investigated and correlated c-KIT expression levels and two known markers of thyrocytes differentiation, PAX8 and TTF-1, in malignant and benign cytological thyroid samples. Moreover, we performed functional studies on human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line to associated c-KIT expression to thyrocytes differentiation and tumor proliferation. c-KIT and PAX8 expression resulted higher in benign samples compared to the malignant ones, and the expression levels of these two genes were significantly correlated to each other. We also observed that c-KIT overexpression led to an increase of PAX8 expression level together with a decrease of proliferation. Furthermore, c-KIT overexpressing cells showed a regression of typical morphological features of malignancy. Taken together these results suggest that c-KIT could be involved in the differentiation of thyroid cells and in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Panebianco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Apollo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivo Marchetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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