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Duan CY, Li Y, Zhi HY, Tian Y, Huang ZY, Chen SP, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhou L, Jiang XG, Ullah K, Guo Q, Liu ZH, Xu Y, Han JH, Hou J, O'Connor DP, Xu G. E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5 modulates circadian rhythm by facilitating the ubiquitination and degradation of the key clock transcription factor BMAL1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01290-z. [PMID: 38740904 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is the inner rhythm of life activities and is controlled by a self-sustained and endogenous molecular clock, which maintains a ~ 24 h internal oscillation. As the core element of the circadian clock, BMAL1 is susceptible to degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Nevertheless, scant information is available regarding the UPS enzymes that intricately modulate both the stability and transcriptional activity of BMAL1, affecting the cellular circadian rhythm. In this work, we identify and validate UBR5 as a new E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with BMAL1 by using affinity purification, mass spectrometry, and biochemical experiments. UBR5 overexpression induced BMAL1 ubiquitination, leading to diminished stability and reduced protein level of BMAL1, thereby attenuating its transcriptional activity. Consistent with this, UBR5 knockdown increases the BMAL1 protein. Domain mapping discloses that the C-terminus of BMAL1 interacts with the N-terminal domains of UBR5. Similarly, cell-line-based experiments discover that HYD, the UBR5 homolog in Drosophila, could interact with and downregulate CYCLE, the BMAL1 homolog in Drosophila. PER2-luciferase bioluminescence real-time reporting assay in a mammalian cell line and behavioral experiments in Drosophila reveal that UBR5 or hyd knockdown significantly reduces the period of the circadian clock. Therefore, our work discovers a new ubiquitin ligase UBR5 that regulates BMAL1 stability and circadian rhythm and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism. This work provides an additional layer of complexity to the regulatory network of the circadian clock at the post-translational modification level, offering potential insights into the modulation of the dysregulated circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hao-Yu Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Su-Ping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cytoneurobiology, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cytoneurobiology, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun-Hai Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jiajie Hou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Darran P O'Connor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Li K, Quan L, Huang F, Li Y, Shen Z. ADAM12 promotes the resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells to EGFR-TKI and regulates the immune microenvironment by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110580. [PMID: 37418984 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant respiratory disease, resulting in a heavy social burden. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance and tumor immune microenvironment are important directions in the treatment of LUAD. In this study, we confirmed the role of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12) in LUAD development and progression. Our bioinformatic analysis was conducted to screen ADAM12 was correlated with EGFR-TKI and immune infiltration in LUAD patients. Our results showed that the transcription and post-transcription level of ADAM12 is significantly increased in tumor samples compared to normal samples, and ADAM12 correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. High level of ADAM12 accelerated the LUAD progression via promoting proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis escaping, immune escaping, EGFR-TKI resistance, angiogenesis, invasion and migration based on experiment validation in vitro and in vivo, which could be attenuated by ADAM12 knockdown. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS signaling pathways were activated after ADAM12 knockdown. Therefore, ADAM12 might be validated as a possible molecular therapy target and prognostic marker for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lingli Quan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 1, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China.
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Ullah K, Chen S, Lu J, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Long Y, Hu Z, Xu G. The E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 attenuates cell senescence by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of the core circadian regulator BMAL1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4696-4708. [PMID: 32041778 PMCID: PMC7135990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence is one of the most important processes determining cell fate and is involved in many pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other aging-associated diseases. It has recently been discovered that the E3 ubiquitin ligase STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (STUB1 or CHIP) is up-regulated during the senescence of human fibroblasts and modulates cell senescence. However, the molecular mechanism underlying STUB1-controlled senescence is not clear. Here, using affinity purification and MS-based analysis, we discovered that STUB1 binds to brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1, also called aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL)). Through biochemical experiments, we confirmed the STUB1-BMAL1 interaction, identified their interaction domains, and revealed that STUB1 overexpression down-regulates BMAL1 protein levels through STUB1's enzymatic activity and that STUB1 knockdown increases BMAL1 levels. Further experiments disclosed that STUB1 enhances BMAL1 degradation, which is abolished upon proteasome inhibition. Moreover, we found that STUB1 promotes the formation of Lys-48-linked polyubiquitin chains on BMAL1, facilitating its proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, we also discovered that oxidative stress promotes STUB1 nuclear translocation and enhances its co-localization with BMAL1. STUB1 expression attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell senescence, indicated by a reduced signal in senescence-associated β-gal staining and decreased protein levels of two cell senescence markers, p53 and p21. BMAL1 knockdown diminishes this effect, and BMAL1 overexpression abolishes STUB1's effect on cell senescence. In summary, the results of our work reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 ubiquitinates and degrades its substrate BMAL1 and thereby alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayat Ullah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Suping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yaqiu Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhanhong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Abstract
Ferlins are multiple-C2-domain proteins involved in Ca2+-triggered membrane dynamics within the secretory, endocytic and lysosomal pathways. In bony vertebrates there are six ferlin genes encoding, in humans, dysferlin, otoferlin, myoferlin, Fer1L5 and 6 and the long noncoding RNA Fer1L4. Mutations in DYSF (dysferlin) can cause a range of muscle diseases with various clinical manifestations collectively known as dysferlinopathies, including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy. A mutation in MYOF (myoferlin) was linked to a muscular dystrophy accompanied by cardiomyopathy. Mutations in OTOF (otoferlin) can be the cause of nonsyndromic deafness DFNB9. Dysregulated expression of any human ferlin may be associated with development of cancer. This review provides a detailed description of functions of the vertebrate ferlins with a focus on muscle ferlins and discusses the mechanisms leading to disease development.
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Myoferlin, a Membrane Protein with Emerging Oncogenic Roles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7365913. [PMID: 31828126 PMCID: PMC6885792 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7365913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myoferlin (MYOF), initially identified in muscle cells, is a member of the Ferlin family involved in membrane fusion, membrane repair, and membrane trafficking. Dysfunction of this protein is associated with muscular dysfunction. Recently, a growing body of studies have identified MYOF as an oncogenic protein. It is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and promotes tumorigenesis, tumor cell motility, proliferation, migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis as well as metastasis. Clinically, MYOF overexpression is associated with poor outcome in various cancers. It can serve as a prognostic marker of human malignant disease. MYOF drives the progression of cancer in various processes, including surface receptor transportation, endocytosis, exocytosis, intercellular communication, fit mitochondrial structure maintenance and cell metabolism. Depletion of MYOF demonstrates significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that targeting MYOF may produce promising clinical benefits in the treatment of malignant disease. In the present article, we reviewed the physiological function of MYOF as well as its role in cancer, thus providing a general understanding for further exploration of this protein.
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Proteomic Technology "Lens" for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process Identification in Oncology. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3565970. [PMID: 31781477 PMCID: PMC6855076 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3565970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex transformation process that induces local and distant progression of many malignant tumours. Due to its complex array of proteins that are dynamically over-/underexpressed during this process, proteomic technologies gained their place in the EMT research in the last years. Proteomics has identified new molecular pathways of this process and brought important insights to develop new therapy targets. Various proteomic tools and multiple combinations were developed in this area. Out of the proteomic technology armentarium, mass spectrometry and array technologies are the most used approaches. The main characteristics of the proteomic technology used in this domain are high throughput and detection of minute concentration in small samples. We present herein, using various proteomic technologies, the identification in cancer cell lines and in tumour tissue EMT-related proteins, proteins that are involved in the activation of different cellular pathways. Proteomics has brought besides standard EMT markers (e.g., cell-cell adhesion proteins and transcription factors) other future potential markers for improving diagnosis, monitoring evolution, and developing new therapy targets. Future will increase the proteomic role in clinical investigation and validation of EMT-related biomarkers.
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Peulen O, Rademaker G, Anania S, Turtoi A, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V. Ferlin Overview: From Membrane to Cancer Biology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090954. [PMID: 31443490 PMCID: PMC6770723 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammal myocytes, endothelial cells and inner ear cells, ferlins are proteins involved in membrane processes such as fusion, recycling, endo- and exocytosis. They harbour several C2 domains allowing their interaction with phospholipids. The expression of several Ferlin genes was described as altered in several tumoural tissues. Intriguingly, beyond a simple alteration, myoferlin, otoferlin and Fer1L4 expressions were negatively correlated with patient survival in some cancer types. Therefore, it can be assumed that membrane biology is of extreme importance for cell survival and signalling, making Ferlin proteins core machinery indispensable for cancer cell adaptation to hostile environments. The evidences suggest that myoferlin, when overexpressed, enhances cancer cell proliferation, migration and metabolism by affecting various aspects of membrane biology. Targeting myoferlin using pharmacological compounds, gene transfer technology, or interfering RNA is now considered as an emerging therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gilles Rademaker
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sandy Anania
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer de Montpeiller, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
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Xu X, Huang A, Cui X, Han K, Hou X, Wang Q, Cui L, Yang Y. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 regulates colorectal cancer cell growth by stabilizing Tu translation elongation factor. Theranostics 2019; 9:4208-4220. [PMID: 31281542 PMCID: PMC6592179 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (USP5) is a ubiquitous expressed deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB). It has been shown involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumor cell growth. However, the function and molecular mechanism of USP5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. In the present study, we asked how it affected the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Methods: A shRNA-based high-content screening was performed to identify DUBs affecting the growth of CRC cells. CCK-8 assay and xenografts were used to assess CRC cell growth, survival and tumorigenesis. RT-qPCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were carried out to quantitate USP5 expression in CRC tissues and cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify USP5-interacting proteins. Cycloheximide chase was performed to assess Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) stability. Dual luciferase reporter assay was utilized for USP5 promoter analysis. Results: We found that USP5 was highly expressed in a group of primary CRC tissues, and the increased USP5 was correlated with clinical stages and shorter overall survival. While USP5 knockdown effectively inhibited CRC cell growth, overexpressed USP5 promoted the growth of CRC cells and made them more resistant to doxorubicin (DOX). TUFM was discovered as a substrate of USP5. USP5 deubiquitinated TUFM and increased its level in CRC cells. Enforced expression of TUFM was able to alleviate the growth inhibition induced by USP5 knockdown. Further analyses showed that EBF transcription factor 1 (EBF1) was a major regulator for USP5 transcription, and DOX inhibited EBF1-USP5-TUFM axis in CRC cells. Conclusions: USP5 was required for CRC cells and promoted their growth and resistance to chemotherapeutics. TUFM was a USP5 deubiquitinating substrate that mediated the cellular effects of USP5. The transcription of USP5 was regulated by EBF1. Thus, targeting EBF1-USP5-TUFM axis is a potential novel strategy for CRC treatment.
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The interacting domains in cereblon differentially modulate the immunomodulatory drug-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of its binding partners. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:443-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Chen S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Duan C, Liu Q, Huang Z, Xu Y, Zhou L, Xu G. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2O regulates cellular clock function by promoting the degradation of the transcription factor BMAL1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11296-11309. [PMID: 29871923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the circadian rhythm is associated with many diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Arntl or Bmal1) is the only clock gene whose loss disrupts circadian locomotor behavior in constant darkness. BMAL1 levels are affected by proteasomal inhibition and by several enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, but the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, using immunoprecipitation and MS analyses, we discovered an interaction between BMAL1 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 O (UBE2O), an E3-independent E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (i.e. hybrid E2/E3 enzyme). Biochemical experiments with cell lines and animal tissues validated this specific interaction and uncovered that UBE2O expression reduces BMAL1 levels by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, UBE2O expression/knockdown diminished/increased, respectively, BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activity but did not affect BMAL1 gene expression. Bioluminescence experiments disclosed that UBE2O knockdown elevates the amplitude of the circadian clock in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Furthermore, mapping of the BMAL1-interacting domain in UBE2O and analyses of BMAL1 stability and ubiquitination revealed that the conserved region 2 (CR2) in UBE2O significantly enhances BMAL1 ubiquitination and decreases BMAL1 protein levels. A Cys-to-Ser substitution experiment identified the critical Cys residue in the CR2 domain responsible for BMAL1 ubiquitination. This work identifies UBE2O as a critical regulator in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which modulates BMAL1 transcriptional activity and circadian function by promoting BMAL1 ubiquitination and degradation under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chunyan Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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11
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Yang J, Huang M, Zhou L, He X, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Xu G. Cereblon suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Jun. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10141-10157. [PMID: 29748389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with multiple human disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, alleviation of inflammation induced by environmental stimuli is important for disease prevention or treatment. Cereblon (CRBN) functions as a substrate receptor of the cullin-4 RING E3 ligase to mediate protein ubiquitination and degradation. Although it has been reported that CRBN reduces the inflammatory response through its nonenzymatic function, its role as a substrate receptor of the E3 ligase is not explored in mediating this process. Here we used a quantitative proteomics approach to find that the major component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex, c-Jun, is significantly down-regulated upon CRBN expression. Biochemical approaches further discover that CRBN interacts and partially colocalizes with c-Jun and promotes the formation of Lys48-linked polyubiquitin chains on c-Jun, enhancing c-Jun degradation. We further reveal that CRBN attenuates the transcriptional activity of the AP-1 complex and reduces the mRNA expression and protein level of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, flow cytometry analyses show that CRBN attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in differentiated THP-1 cells. Through genetic manipulation and pharmacological inhibition, we uncover a new molecular mechanism by which CRBN regulates the inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide. Our work and previous studies demonstrate that CRBN suppresses the inflammatory response by promoting or inhibiting the ubiquitination of two key molecules at different levels of the inflammatory cascade through its enzymatic function as a substrate receptor and its nonenzymatic function as a protein binding partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Huang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xian He
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Xiong L, Yan W, Zubia E, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Duan Q, Narayan M, Xu G. Quantitative proteomics and biochemical analyses reveal the role of endoplasmin in the regulation of the expression and secretion of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 12. J Proteomics 2018; 182:34-44. [PMID: 29729432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) is highly expressed in multiple cancers such as breast and cervical cancers and its high expression reduces the overall patient survival rate. ADAM12 has two major splicing variants, the long membrane-anchored form ADAM12L and the short secreted form ADAM12S. However, how they are regulated and whether they are modulated similarly or differently in cells are not clear. Here, we use affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify the ADAM12S-interacting proteins. Spectral counting and MaxQuant label-free quantification reveal that ADAM12S but not ADAM12L specifically interacts with a subset of endoplasmic reticulum proteins, such as endoplasmin (GRP94), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase I (UGGT1), that regulate the folding and processing of secreted proteins. Further biochemical experiments validate the interaction between ADAM12S and several of its interacting proteins. Computational docking analysis demonstrates that GRP94 preferentially interacts with ADAM12S over ADAM12L. The data also suggest that both the protein expression level and the secretion of ADAM12S are regulated by GRP94 expression and knockdown. Our results reveal a link between these two proteins that are highly expressed in cancer cells. Furthermore, our studies define a new ADAM12S-specific regulator that may contribute to the cancer development. SIGNIFICANCE A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) is highly expressed in many cancers such as lung, breast, and cervical cancers. ADAM12 has two major splicing variants, the long membrane-anchored form ADAM12L and the short secreted form ADAM12S. However, how they are regulated and whether they are modulated similarly or differently are not completely understood. We use affinity purification and label-free quantitative proteomics to identify the ADAM12S-interacting proteins. Our results reveal that ADAM12S specifically interacts with a subset of endoplasmic reticulum proteins, including endoplasmin (GRP94), UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase I (UGGT1), and neutral α-glucosidase AB (GANAB). Computer modeling reveals that ADAM12S interacts with the surface amino acids of GRP94 more strongly than ADAM12L. Biochemical experiments further reveal that GRP94 regulates both the protein level and the secretion of ADAM12S. Database mining finds that both GRP94 and ADAM12 are highly expressed in multiple cancers and their high expression is correlated with poor patient survival rate. Taken together, our work discovers a new upstream regulator for ADAM12S, which may contribute to its distinct functions in the regulation of the migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenwen Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Emmanuel Zubia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qianqian Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Duan C, Yang J, Chen S, Liu Q, Zhou L, Huang Z, Xu Y, Xu G. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X regulates cellular clock function by modulating the ubiquitination and degradation of a core circadian protein BMAL1. Biochem J 2018; 475:1507-1522. [PMID: 29626158 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms on the earth maintain a roughly 24 h circadian rhythm, which is regulated by circadian clock genes and their protein products. Post-translational modifications of core clock proteins could affect the circadian behavior. Although ubiquitination of core clock proteins was studied extensively, the reverse process, deubiquitination, has only begun to unfold and the role of this regulation on circadian function is not completely understood. Here, we use affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis to identify probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-X (USP9X) as an interacting protein of the core clock protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL or BMAL1). Through biochemical experiments, we discover that USP9X reduces BMAL1 ubiquitination, enhances its stability, and increases its protein level, leading to the elevated transcriptional activity. Bioluminescence measurement reveals that USP9X knockdown decreases the amplitude of the cellular circadian rhythm but the period and phase are not affected. Our experiments find a new regulator for circadian clock at the post-translational level and demonstrate a different regulatory function for the circadian clock through the deubiquitination and the up-regulation of the core clock protein BMAL1 in the positive limb of the transcription-translation feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chunyan Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Suping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengyun Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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14
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Wu X, Wang SH, Sun J, Krainer AR, Hua Y, Prior TW. A-44G transition in SMN2 intron 6 protects patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2768-2780. [PMID: 28460014 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by reduced expression of survival of motor neuron (SMN), a protein expressed in humans by two paralogous genes, SMN1 and SMN2. These genes are nearly identical, except for 10 single-nucleotide differences and a 5-nucleotide insertion in SMN2. SMA is subdivided into four main types, with type I being the most severe. SMN2 copy number is a key positive modifier of the disease, but it is not always inversely correlated with clinical severity. We previously reported the c.859G > C variant in SMN2 exon 7 as a positive modifier in several patients. We have now identified A-44G as an additional positive disease modifier, present in a group of patients carrying 3 SMN2 copies but displaying milder clinical phenotypes than other patients with the same SMN2 copy number. One of the three SMN2 copies appears to have been converted from SMN1, but except for the C6T transition, no other changes were detected. Analyzed with minigenes, SMN1C6T displayed a ∼20% increase in exon 7 inclusion, compared to SMN2. Through systematic mutagenesis, we found that the improvement in exon 7 splicing is mainly attributable to the A-44G transition in intron 6. Using RNA-affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we further uncovered binding of the RNA-binding protein HuR to the -44 region, where it acts as a splicing repressor. The A-44G change markedly decreases the binding affinity of HuR, resulting in a moderate increase in exon 7 inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Junjie Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Adrian R Krainer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yimin Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Thomas W Prior
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Zhang W, Zhou P, Meng A, Zhang R, Zhou Y. Down-regulating Myoferlin inhibits the vasculogenic mimicry of melanoma via decreasing MMP-2 and inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1743-1754. [PMID: 29164766 PMCID: PMC5824422 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) constitutes a novel approach for tumour blood supply and contributes to tumour metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with melanoma. Myoferlin (MYOF), a type II membrane protein involved in membrane regeneration and repair, is elevated in several malignant tumours, especially in advanced melanomas. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of MYOF in the regulation of VM. VM structures were found in 14 of 52 tested melanoma samples, and high MYOF expression correlated with VM structures. According to Kaplan–Meier survival curves, VM channels and elevated MYOF expression both correlated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Down‐regulation of MYOF by siRNA severely impaired the capability of A375 cells to form VM structures in vitro. Further studies demonstrated MYOF knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion, which is required for VM formation, via decreasing MMP‐2 expression as evidenced by Western blotting, RT‐RCP and ELISA results. SB‐3CT, a specific inhibitor of MMP‐2, showed similar inhibiting effects with siMYOF, further supporting that MYOF down‐regulation inhibits MMP‐2 expression to affect VM formation. Moreover, MYOF knockdown suppress VM formation by A375 cells by inducing mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET). After down‐regulating MYOF, focal adhesions were enlarged and A375 cells developed into a clear epithelial morphology. Such cells acquired the expression of E‐cadherin at adherens junctions along with a loss of mesenchymal markers, such as Vimentin and Twist1. In conclusion, MYOF plays an important role in VM and knockdown of MYOF suppresses VM formation via decreasing MMP‐2 and inducing MET in A375 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai Meng
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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