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Jacot-Descombes S, Keshav NU, Dickstein DL, Wicinski B, Janssen WGM, Hiester LL, Sarfo EK, Warda T, Fam MM, Harony-Nicolas H, Buxbaum JD, Hof PR, Varghese M. Altered synaptic ultrastructure in the prefrontal cortex of Shank3-deficient rats. Mol Autism 2020; 11:89. [PMID: 33203459 PMCID: PMC7671669 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deletion or mutations of SHANK3 lead to Phelan–McDermid syndrome and monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SHANK3 encodes its eponymous scaffolding protein at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Altered morphology of dendrites and spines in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum have been associated with behavioral impairments in Shank3-deficient animal models. Given the attentional deficit in these animals, our study explored whether deficiency of Shank3 in a rat model alters neuron morphology and synaptic ultrastructure in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Methods We assessed dendrite and spine morphology and spine density in mPFC layer III neurons in Shank3-homozygous knockout (Shank3-KO), heterozygous (Shank3-Het), and wild-type (WT) rats. We used electron microscopy to determine the density of asymmetric synapses in mPFC layer III excitatory neurons in these rats. We measured postsynaptic density (PSD) length, PSD area, and head diameter (HD) of spines at these synapses. Results Basal dendritic morphology was similar among the three genotypes. Spine density and morphology were comparable, but more thin and mushroom spines had larger head volumes in Shank3-Het compared to WT and Shank3-KO. All three groups had comparable synapse density and PSD length. Spine HD of total and non-perforated synapses in Shank3-Het rats, but not Shank3-KO rats, was significantly larger than in WT rats. The total and non-perforated PSD area was significantly larger in Shank3-Het rats compared to Shank3-KO rats. These findings represent preliminary evidence for synaptic ultrastructural alterations in the mPFC of rats that lack one copy of Shank3 and mimic the heterozygous loss of SHANK3 in Phelan–McDermid syndrome. Limitations The Shank3 deletion in the rat model we used does not affect all isoforms of the protein and would only model the effect of mutations resulting in loss of the N-terminus of the protein. Given the higher prevalence of ASD in males, the ultrastructural study focused only on synaptic structure in male Shank3-deficient rats. Conclusions We observed increased HD and PSD area in Shank3-Het rats. These observations suggest the occurrence of altered synaptic ultrastructure in this animal model, further pointing to a key role of defective expression of the Shank3 protein in ASD and Phelan–McDermid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jacot-Descombes
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Children and Teenagers, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Legal Medicine, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Neha U Keshav
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dara L Dickstein
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bridget Wicinski
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William G M Janssen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liam L Hiester
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward K Sarfo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tahia Warda
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Psychology Department, Rutgers University Brain Imaging Center (RUBIC), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Matthew M Fam
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hala Harony-Nicolas
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Merina Varghese
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Hess Center for Science and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Du J, Pan X, Ma L, Shao M, Guo X. Combined analysis of genome-wide expression profiling of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves infected with Ustilago maydis. Genome 2018; 61:505-513. [PMID: 29800531 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although many gene expression profiling studies of maize leaves infected with Ustilago maydis have been published, heterogeneity of the results, caused by various data processing methods and pathogenic strains in different data sets, remains strong. Hence, we conducted a combined analysis of six genome-wide expression data sets of maize leaves infected with five different U. maydis strains by using the same pre-processing and quality control procedures. Six data sets were regrouped into five groups according to pathogenic strain used. Subsequently, each group of data set was processed by Multi-array Average for pre-processing and by pair-wise Pearson correlation for quality control. The differentially expressed genes were calculated by a standard linear mixed-effect model and then validated by various sensitivity analysis and multiple evidences. Finally, 44 unique differentially expressed genes were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes related to response to fungus, oxidation-reduction, transferase activity, and several carbohydrate metabolic and catabolic processes. In addition, the hub genes within protein-protein interaction networks showed high relevance with the basic pathogenesis. We report a highly credible differentially expressed list, and the genes with multiple validations may denote a common signature of U. maydis in maize, which provides a new window for disease-resistant protection of maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
| | - Jianjun Du
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
| | - Xiaodi Pan
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
| | - Liming Ma
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
| | - Meng Shao
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097.,Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 11 Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100097
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Fries GR, Colpo GD, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Arnold JG, Bowden CL, Walss-Bass C. Distinct lithium-induced gene expression effects in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1110-1119. [PMID: 28939162 PMCID: PMC5685885 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), yet the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are still unclear. We aimed to compare the effects of lithium treatment in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from BD patients and controls. LCLs were generated from sixty-two BD patients (based on DSM-IV) and seventeen healthy controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Patients were recruited from outpatient clinics from February 2012 to October 2014. LCLs were treated with 1mM lithium for 7 days followed by microarray gene expression assay and validation by real-time quantitative PCR. Baseline differences between groups, as well as differences between vehicle- and lithium-treated cells within each group were analyzed. The biological significance of differentially expressed genes was examined by pathway enrichment analysis. No significant differences in baseline gene expression (adjusted p-value < 0.05) were detected between groups. Lithium treatment of LCLs from controls did not lead to any significant differences. However, lithium altered the expression of 236 genes in LCLs from patients; those genes were enriched for signaling pathways related to apoptosis. Among those genes, the alterations in the expression of PIK3CG, SERP1 and UPP1 were validated by real-time PCR. A significant correlation was also found between circadian functioning and CEBPG and FGF2 expression levels. In summary, our results suggest that lithium treatment induces expression changes in genes associated with the apoptosis pathway in BD LCLs. The more pronounced effects of lithium in patients compared to controls suggest a disease-specific effect of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Gabriela D Colpo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory (BSML), Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory (BSML), Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jodi G Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Charles L Bowden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States.
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