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Sui M, Yu Z, Zhou M. The Impact of Psychological Contract, Physical and Mental Health on Burnout in Grassroots Civil Servants: Evidence from China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3461-3476. [PMID: 37664138 PMCID: PMC10473964 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s423011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The report of the 20th Party Congress proposes to build a high-quality cadre capable of taking on the important task of national rejuvenation. Grassroots civil servants are facing great pressure and challenges, and alleviating burnout has become an important issue in the construction of grassroots civil servants. Empirically analysing the impact of psychological contract on burnout of grassroots civil servants in the Chinese context will help to build a high-quality grassroots civil service team. Methods Using a sample of 1824 grassroots civil servants in China, this study empirically examined the effect of the psychological contract on burnout among grassroots civil servants using the OLS methodology, conducted a robustness test by way of substituting variables and research methods, and then discussed the mediating effect of physical and mental health in the psychological contract and burnout among grassroots civil servants. Results The study showed that grassroots civil servants' psychological contract had a significant negative impact on burnout; transactional psychological contract was positively related to burnout, and relational and developmental psychological contracts were negatively related to burnout in grassroots civil servants. The results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of psychological contract on burnout differed by age, gender, exercise frequency, and sleep status. The results of the mediation analysis showed that higher psychological contract scores were related to better physical and mental health, thus inhibiting burnout among grassroots civil servants. This indicates a significant mediation effect of physical and mental health in the relationship between psychological contract and burnout of grassroots civil servants. Conclusion The psychological contract of grassroots civil servants has a significant negative effect on burnout, and physical and mental health mediate between the two. These conclusions are of great theoretical and practical significance for alleviating the stress of grassroots civil servants and improving their work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Sui
- School of Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongbiao Yu
- School of Management, University of Sanya, Sanya, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Zhou
- School of Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Khammissa RAG, Nemutandani S, Feller G, Lemmer J, Feller L. Burnout phenomenon: neurophysiological factors, clinical features, and aspects of management. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221106428. [PMID: 36113033 PMCID: PMC9478693 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout syndrome is a distinct “occupational phenomenon” rather than a
medical condition, comprising emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue,
and cognitive weariness. Both exogenous work-related and endogenous
personal factors determine the extent and the severity of symptoms in
burnout syndrome. Persistent burnout is a cause of reduced quality of
life and is associated with increased risk of sleep impairment and
with several medical disorders including mild cognitive impairment,
diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Active coping strategies promoting mental resilience and adaptive
behavior, stress-reducing activities, improving work conditions, and
reducing exposure to work stressors together may alleviate the
distress of burnout and should be introduced early in the clinical
course of burnout syndrome. The purpose of this review was to explain
this complex and puzzling phenomenon and to describe burnout
management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia A G Khammissa
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon Nemutandani
- School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gal Feller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johan Lemmer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liviu Feller
- School of Oral Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Choi SY, Jin S, Kim JH. Laboratory and clinical teaching experience of nursing professors in the COVID-19 pandemic era: Now and the future. Front Public Health 2022; 10:961443. [PMID: 36062082 PMCID: PMC9428281 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.961443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nursing professors must constantly interact with students, maintain a high level of professional performance, and meet targets and deadlines, even during a pandemic. Considering the changing educational environment, it is essential to identify contemporary limitations and problems to provide feedback for improvement. This study aimed to explore the laboratory and clinical teaching experiences of nursing professors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focus group interviews were conducted with professors from the nursing departments of universities in Korea. In total, 19 professors who had laboratory and clinical experience participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis identified four themes. The themes included feeling helpless in the infection management system, uncertainty about the effectiveness of alternative practice training, acceptance of changes, and preparation for future practice training. As the necessity and possibility of non-face-to-face education have been confirmed by the pandemic, it is expected that classes using technology will be actively developed in nursing practice education. The roles and attitudes of teachers and educational institutions also need to change. Nursing professors should reflect upon and evaluate challenges to prepare for post-pandemic practical education.
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Khammissa RAG, Nemutandani S, Shangase SL, Feller G, Lemmer J, Feller L. The burnout construct with reference to healthcare providers: A narrative review. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221083080. [PMID: 35646362 PMCID: PMC9133861 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221083080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout syndrome is a psychological response to long-term exposure to occupational stressors. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cognitive weariness and physical fatigue, and it may occur in association with any occupation, but is most frequently observed among professionals who work directly with people, particularly in institutional settings. Healthcare professionals who work directly with patients and are frequently exposed to work overload and excessive clinical demands, to ethical dilemmas, to pressing occupational schedules and to managerial challenges; who have to make complex judgements and difficult decisions; and who have relatively little autonomy over their job-related tasks are at risk of developing clinical burnout. In turn, clinical burnout among clinicians has a negative impact on the quality and safety of treatment, and on the overall professional performance of healthcare systems. Healthcare workers with burnout are more likely to make mistakes and to be subjected to medical malpractice claims, than do those who are burnout-naïve. Experiencing the emotional values of autonomy, competence and relatedness are essential work-related psychological needs, which have to be satisfied to promote feelings of self-realization and meaningfulness in relation to work activities, thus reducing burnout risk. Importantly, an autonomy-supportive rather than a controlling style of management decreases burnout risk and promotes self-actualization, self-esteem and a general feeling of well-being in both those in charge and in their subordinates. The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the elements constituting the burnout construct with the view of gaining a better understanding of the complex multifactorial nature of burnout. This may facilitate the development and implementation of both personal, behavioural and organizational interventions to deal with the burnout syndrome and its ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia AG Khammissa
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon Nemutandani
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Gal Feller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johan Lemmer
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liviu Feller
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Taylor SG, Roberts AM, Zarrett N. A Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (bMBI) to Reduce Teacher Stress and Burnout. TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION 2021; 100:103284. [PMID: 35391939 PMCID: PMC8986160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2021.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Teacher stress and burnout contribute to attrition and stress-related health concerns. Despite some positive effects, previous mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have failed to incorporate key elements of methodological rigor and have included large dosages despite research suggesting that such dosages are iatrogenic. The current study demonstrates the efficacy of a brief MBI (bMBI; four sessions, six total hours) to reduce self-reported stress, burnout, and depression, and suggests the bMBI can protect against deleterious impacts to physiological functioning. The study informs the design and implementation of future MBIs, including strategies for reducing intervention dosages, in order to improve effectiveness and maximize cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Taylor
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, Department of Psychology
| | - Alex M. Roberts
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, Department of Psychology
| | - Nicole Zarrett
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, Department of Psychology
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Pyhältö K, Pietarinen J, Haverinen K, Tikkanen L, Soini T. Teacher burnout profiles and proactive strategies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-020-00465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTeacher burnout has been identified as a significant occupational hazard. However, our understanding about individual variations in burnout risk among in-service teachers is still less than sufficient. This study explored socio-contextual burnout risk profiles and their association with the reported use of proactive strategies among in-service teachers by using a person-oriented approach. The survey data were collected from 2310 Finnish in-service primary and lower secondary school teachers using a probability sampling method. In the latent profile analysis, five socio-contextual burnout profiles were identified. The profiles differed from each other in terms of burnout symptoms and proactive strategy use. Results suggested that there is individual variation in teachers’ risk of burnout. In addition, the results imply that well-developed proactive strategies, both in terms of self- and co-regulative strategies, are related to lower risk of experiencing socio-contextual burnout. The utilization of strong co-regulative strategies was related to lower risk of experiencing exhaustion and inadequacy during teacher-pupil interactions. However, strong self-regulation combined with low levels of co-regulation was related to an increased risk of experiencing cynicism. This implies that learning proactive strategies may be useful in preventing teacher burnout.
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Canazei M, Bassa D, Jimenez P, Papousek I, Fink A, Weiss E. Effects of an adjunctive, chronotype-based light therapy in hospitalized patients with severe burnout symptoms - a pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:993-1004. [PMID: 31068015 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1604539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Light therapy is a well-established treatment option for seasonal affective disorders and is effective in reducing sleep problems and daytime fatigue. Symptoms of severe burnout include feelings of exhaustion and impaired sleep and mood. Thus, light therapy seems promising for burnout treatment. So far, light therapy effects in burnout were investigated in outpatient settings only, with inconclusive results. The present study targeted light therapy effects in an inpatient setting. Participants with severe burnout were recruited in two psychosomatic clinics and randomly assigned to a control group with multimodal psychiatric treatment or an add-on light treatment group. Participants in the latter group were additionally exposed to morning bright light (illuminance: 4246 lux, irradiance: 1802.81 µW.cm-2) for 3 weeks, 30 minutes a day, timed to their chronotypes. Light effects on burnout symptoms, depression, well-being, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and attentional performance were measured twice (pre-/postintervention design). Adjunctive chronotype-based bright light therapy was well tolerated and improved burnout symptoms and well-being without additional effect on severity of depression. Furthermore, reduced daytime sleepiness, improved nighttime sleep quality, a sleep phase advance of 25 minutes, shortened sleep latency, less sleep disturbances and increased sleep duration were observed in the light treatment group. No group differences were found in attentional performance. Chronotype-based bright light therapy seems to be effective in improving burnout symptoms and sleep problems in patients with severe burnout symptoms. Further studies with larger sample sizes and objective measures of sleep are necessary to confirm these preliminary results before practical recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Canazei
- a Research Department , Bartenbach GmbH , Aldrans , Austria
| | - Daniela Bassa
- b Department of Psychology , Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz
| | | | - Ilona Papousek
- b Department of Psychology , Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz
| | - Andreas Fink
- b Department of Psychology , Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz
| | - Elisabeth Weiss
- c Department of Psychology , University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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More gyms or more psychological support? Preventing burnout and supporting job satisfaction in physical education teachers. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grossi G, Perski A, Osika W, Savic I. Stress-related exhaustion disorder - clinical manifestation of burnout? A review of assessment methods, sleep impairments, cognitive disturbances, and neuro-biological and physiological changes in clinical burnout. Scand J Psychol 2015; 56:626-36. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grossi
- Stress Research Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
- The Stress Clinic Foundation; Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Social Sustainability; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Karolinska institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aleksander Perski
- Stress Research Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
- The Stress Clinic Foundation; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Walter Osika
- Center for Social Sustainability; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Karolinska institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Neurology Clinic; Karolinska Institute and Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Chin W, Guo YL, Hung YJ, Yang CY, Shiao JSC. Short sleep duration is dose-dependently related to job strain and burnout in nurses: A cross sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Reichl C, Wach FS, Spinath FM, Brünken R, Karbach J. Burnout risk among first-year teacher students: The roles of personality and motivation. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Sundin Ö, Soares J, Grossi G, Macassa G. Burnout among foreign-born and native Swedish women: a longitudinal study. Women Health 2012; 51:643-60. [PMID: 22082245 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2011.618529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors of this study addressed burnout experiences (generally defined as chronic depletion of an individual's energetic resources') over time in relation to other factors (e.g., distress, sleep difficulties, job demands, etc.) among foreign-born women and Swedish native women living in Stockholm. The study design was a longitudinal panel survey with two waves one year apart. In the first wave, 3,616 of 6,000 randomly selected women took part, and 2,300 of the initial 3,616 women also participated in the second wave; 427 were foreign-born women, and 1,873 were Swedish native women. Baseline/emerging distress, emerging sleep difficulties, worsening general social support, job demands at baseline/escalating during the assessment period, emerging unemployment, constraints in social support at work, and sustained/emerging financial strain were associated with future burnout, regardless of background. More foreign-born women than Swedish native women reported burnout, with these differences maintained at one-year follow-up. The factors related to burnout were largely the same in both groups, but smoking and cardiovascular disease were related to burnout only among foreign-born women. Younger age, job demands, and working hours were associated with burnout among Swedish native women. The authors found that the women had concurrent problems such as burnout, distress, and sleep problems, but foreign background was not independently related to burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Örjan Sundin
- Department of Social Sciences, Division of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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Flynn L, Thomas-Hawkins C, Clarke SP. Organizational traits, care processes, and burnout among chronic hemodialysis nurses. West J Nurs Res 2009; 31:569-82. [PMID: 19270274 DOI: 10.1177/0193945909331430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In light of evidence linking registered nurse (RN) staffing levels to patient outcomes in chronic hemodialysis facilities, U.S. government regulations have set minimum RN staffing requirements during dialysis. Consequently, facility administrators are focused on decreasing nurse attrition in this crucial practice setting. This study used a cross-sectional, correlational design to investigate the effects of workload, practice environment, and care processes on burnout among nurses in U.S. chronic hemodialysis centers and to determine the association between burnout and nurses' intentions to leave their jobs. Findings indicate that predictors were associated with an increased likelihood of nurse burnout and that nurses experiencing burnout were more likely to be planning to leave their jobs. Findings have important implications for retention of nurses, enhancement of patient safety, and adherence to new federal staffing requirements in chronic hemodialysis units.
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