1
|
Zamani M, Alizadeh-Tabari S, Chan WW, Talley NJ. Association Between Anxiety/Depression and Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:2133-2143. [PMID: 37463429 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and common psychiatric conditions, most notably anxiety and depression, has been reported. However, the magnitude of this association is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to systematically assess this issue. METHODS We comprehensively searched multiple bibliographic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception to May 15, 2023. We retrieved observational studies that reported the prevalence of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms diagnosed by validated questionnaires in ≥100 adults (aged 18 years or older) with GERD. We also included cohort studies that explored the risk of incident GERD in subjects with anxiety/depression vice versa scenario. Finally, we included Mendelian randomization studies that assessed the cause-and-effect relationship between anxiety/depression and GERD. The extracted data were combined using a random-effects model. RESULTS In total, 36 eligible studies were included. The pooled prevalences of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 34.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.7-44.2; I2 = 99.4%) and 24.2% (95% CI 19.9-28.5; I2 = 98.8%) in subjects with GERD based on 30 studies, respectively. Both anxiety and depressive symptoms were more common in subjects with GERD compared with those in healthy controls (odds ratio = 4.46 [95% CI 1.94-10.25] and odds ratio = 2.56 [95% CI 1.11-5.87], respectively). According to 3 cohort studies, subjects with GERD were at an increased risk of developing anxiety/depression and vice versa. Finally, 3 Mendelian randomization studies showed that genetic liability to these mood disorders is linked to an increased risk of developing GERD and vice versa. DISCUSSION Up to 1 in 3 subjects with GERD experience anxiety and depression. There is likely a bidirectional causal relationship between anxiety/depression and GERD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamani
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Alizadeh-Tabari
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walter W Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Randomized controlled trial of robotic-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic fundoplication: 12 years follow-up. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:5627-5634. [PMID: 35076737 PMCID: PMC9283162 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims Numerous reports have addressed the feasibility and safety of robotic-assisted (RALF) and conventional laparoscopic fundoplication (CLF). Long-term follow-up after direct comparison of these two minimally invasive approaches is scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess long-term disease-specific symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated with RALF or CLF after 12 years in the randomized ROLAF trial. Methods In the ROLAF trial 40 patients with GERD were randomized to RALF (n = 20) or CLF (n = 20) between August 2004 and December 2005. At 12 years after surgery, all patients were invited to complete the standardized Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (QOLRAD). Failure of treatment was assessed according to Lundell score. Results The GSRS score was similar for RALF (n = 15) and CLF (n = 15) at 12 years´ follow-up (2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 2.2 ± 1.3, p = 0.740). There was no difference in QOLRAD score (RALF 6.4 ± 1.2; CLF 6.4 ± 1.5, p = 0.656) and the QOLRAD score sub items. Long-term failure of treatment according to the definition by Lundell was not different between RALF and CLF [46% (6/13) vs. 33% (4/12), p = 0.806]. Conclusion In accordance with previous short-term outcome studies, the long-term results 12 years after surgery showed no difference between RALF and CLF regarding postoperative symptoms, QOL and failure of treatment. Relief of symptoms and patient satisfaction were high after both procedures on the long-term. Registration number: DRKS00014690 (https://www.drks.de).
Collapse
|
3
|
Impact of psychiatric disorders on patient satisfaction after Nissen Fundoplication. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:1829-1834. [PMID: 31410627 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression have been associated with an increased perception of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, but there is a paucity of data regarding the outcomes of laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (LNF) in this patient population. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including all patients undergoing LNF between 2011 and 2017. Patients were stratified by baseline usage of serotonin-modulating medication or benzodiazepines as a proxy for depression and anxiety, respectively. Outcome measures included postoperative gastroesophageal health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) scores and overall satisfaction rates after surgery. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The population consisted of 271 patients of which 103 patients had depression and 44 patients had anxiety. Patients with depression reported no significant difference in pre- or postoperative GERD-HRQL scores compared to patients without depression and long-term satisfaction rates after surgery were similar in both groups at 76% vs 71%, respectively (p = 0.55). Patients with anxiety reported higher baseline HRQL scores (34 vs. 29, p = 0.05). At long-term follow-up (15 months), patients with anxiety reported slightly worse HRQL scores compared to controls (7 vs. 4, p = 0.11) despite no difference in usage of anti-acid medications or need for endoscopic dilations between the two groups. Patients with anxiety were less likely to report being "satisfied" after surgery (40% vs. 71%, p = 0.01) compared to controls. CONCLUSION Patients with anxiety have higher subjective reporting of GERD symptoms and are more likely to report being "satisfied" during long-term follow-up after LNF. Patients on medication for depression appear to have similar reporting of GERD symptoms and derive as much benefit from LNF as patients that are not. While LNF does improve the symptom burden in patients with anxiety, satisfaction is rarely achieved in long-term follow-up.
Collapse
|
4
|
Minor psychiatric disorders and objective diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Endosc 2019; 33:4116-4121. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
5
|
Mermelstein J, Chait Mermelstein A, Chait MM. Proton pump inhibitor-refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: challenges and solutions. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2018; 11:119-134. [PMID: 29606884 PMCID: PMC5868737 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant percentage of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) will not respond to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The causes of PPI-refractory GERD are numerous and diverse, and include adherence, persistent acid, functional disorders, nonacid reflux, and PPI bioavailability. The evaluation should start with a symptom assessment and may progress to imaging, endoscopy, and monitoring of esophageal pH, impedance, and bilirubin. There are a variety of pharmacologic and procedural interventions that should be selected based on the underlying mechanism of PPI failure. Pharmacologic treatments can include antacids, prokinetics, alginates, bile acid binders, reflux inhibitors, and antidepressants. Procedural options include laparoscopic fundoplication and LINX as well as endoscopic procedures, such as transoral incisionless fundoplication and Stretta. Several alternative and complementary treatments of possible benefit also exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mermelstein
- Gasteroenterology and Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alanna Chait Mermelstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxwell M Chait
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alsuwat OB, Alzahrani AA, Alzhrani MA, Alkhathami AM, Mahfouz MEM. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:221-225. [PMID: 29416581 PMCID: PMC5798269 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3292w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal tract disease. The incidence is higher in Asian and Arab countries. In Saudi Arabia, there are few studies that have assessed the prevalence of GERD among some cities' communities. Hence, this study aims to study the prevalence of GERD among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of GERD among the community of Saudi Arabia. The sample was randomly gathered through self-administered validated GERD questionnaire (GerdQ) to diagnose GERD, during the period from November to December 2016. The sociodemographic data was assessed for all participants. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 (SPSS); the t-test was used to assess the association of GERD and sociodemographic data. Results The sample was comprised of 2,043 participants. Female and male were 51.8% and 48.2%, respectively. Mean age was 29.6 years with the standard deviation of 10.5 years. The GERD prevalence was 28.7%. It was found statistically significant among divorced/widow (34.9%, P = 0.003). In contrast, there was no association between GERD's prevalence and gender, age, residence status, education level, occupation, and blood group (P > 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of GERD among Saudi population is higher than that in Western countries and East Asia. It affects divorced/widow, obese and those with a sedentary lifestyle. It is advocated that national programs and educational campaigns for prevention of this disease and its complications should be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Eid Mahmoud Mahfouz
- College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Chairman of Surgery at King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gyawali CP, Fass R. Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:302-318. [PMID: 28827081 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) commonly starts with an empiric trial of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and complementary lifestyle measures, for patients without alarm symptoms. Optimization of therapy (improving compliance and timing of PPI doses), or increasing PPI dosage to twice daily in select circumstances, can reduce persistent symptoms. Patients with continued symptoms can be evaluated with endoscopy and tests of esophageal physiology, to better determine their disease phenotype and optimize treatment. Laparoscopic fundoplication, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and endoscopic therapies can benefit patients with well-characterized GERD. Patients with functional diseases that overlap with or mimic GERD can also be treated with neuromodulators (primarily antidepressants), or psychological interventions (psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy). Future approaches to treatment of GERD include potassium-competitive acid blockers, reflux-reducing agents, bile acid binders, injection of inert substances into the esophagogastric junction, and electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Prakash Gyawali
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ronnie Fass
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hosseini M, Salari R, Shariatmaghani S, Birjandi B, Salari M. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, and their relapses after treatment with proton pump inhibitors: A systematic review. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4597-4605. [PMID: 28848636 PMCID: PMC5557141 DOI: 10.19082/4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with significant effects on the quality of life. The burden of GERD is soaring in Asia. Preventing symptom relapse is a therapeutic goal in GERD patients. Since proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the first-line treatment of GERD, drug failure has become a major problem in the treatment procedure. We reviewed the literature in order to find articles related to comorbidities and symptoms affecting GERD from 1980 to 2015 via PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as ‘Gastroesophageal reflux disease’, ‘Gastrointestinal symptoms’ and Boolean operators (such as AND, OR, NOT). Due to the cost of PPI therapy and the high rate of GERD relapse after PPI therapy, demand for continuing this type of treatment is decreasing. Thus, we need to discover new approaches to treat the disease and also investigate the relationship between the treatment of GERD and its comorbidities and symptoms such as functional constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousalreza Hosseini
- M.D., Gastroenterologist, Assistant Professor, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Ph.D. of Drug Control, Assistant Professor, Department of Traditional Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shariatmaghani
- M.D., Internist, Assistant Professor, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Batul Birjandi
- M.D., Internist, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Salari
- M.D., Internist, Assistant Professor, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bilgi MM, Vardar R, Yıldırım E, Veznedaroğlu B, Bor S. Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Subgroups. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:984-993. [PMID: 27565506 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist regarding the psychosocial aspects of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Some GERD subgroups, such as functional heartburn and hypersensitive esophagus, might show different psychiatric comorbidities than others. AIM We aimed to evaluate the psychiatric comorbidities of GERD subgroups using a cross-sectional design. METHODS A group of GERD patients at a tertiary outpatient clinic were evaluated via upper GIS (gastrointestinal system) endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and 24-h impedance-pH monitoring. Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with erosive reflux disease, 44 with non-erosive reflux disease, 20 with functional heartburn, 11 with hypersensitive esophagus, and 44 healthy controls participated. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. Psychometric measurements of the patients were performed using the Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Short-Form 36. Healthy controls were evaluated with the same psychometric scales except for the Short-Form 36. RESULTS All of the GERD subgroups were significantly more depressed than the control group. Depressive disorders were significantly more prevalent in the functional heartburn group than in the non-erosive reflux disease and erosive reflux disease groups. The trait anxiety level of the functional heartburn group was significantly higher than those of the control and non-erosive reflux disease groups. The quality of life scores of the GERD subgroups were significantly lower than the population standards. CONCLUSIONS Depressive disorders were frequently comorbid in the GERD subgroups studied (30-65 %). It is essential to consider the high prevalence rates of comorbid depression when managing GERD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Melih Bilgi
- Izmir Bozyaka Educational and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. .,Ege Reflux Group, Izmir, Turkey. .,Karabaglar State Clinics, 4025 Sok., Yunus Emre Mah., Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Rukiye Vardar
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege Reflux Group, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Yıldırım
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege Reflux Group, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baybars Veznedaroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serhat Bor
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege Reflux Group, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kimura Y, Kamiya T, Senoo K, Tsuchida K, Hirano A, Kojima H, Yamashita H, Yamakawa Y, Nishigaki N, Ozeki T, Endo M, Nakanishi K, Sando M, Inagaki Y, Shikano M, Mizoshita T, Kubota E, Tanida S, Kataoka H, Katsumi K, Joh T. Persistent reflux symptoms cause anxiety, depression, and mental health and sleep disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:71-7. [PMID: 27499583 PMCID: PMC4933696 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease experience persistent reflux symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor therapy. These symptoms reduce their health-related quality of life. Our aims were to evaluate the relationship between proton pump inhibitor efficacy and health-related quality of life and to evaluate predictive factors affecting treatment response in Japanese patients. Using the gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire, 145 gastroesophageal reflux disease patients undergoing proton pump inhibitor therapy were evaluated and classified as responders or partial-responders. Their health-related quality of life was then evaluated using the 8-item Short Form Health Survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires. Sixty-nine patients (47.6%) were partial responders. These patients had significantly lower scores than responders in 5/8 subscales and in the mental health component summary of the 8-item Short Form Health Survey. Partial responders had significantly higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, including anxiety and depression scores, than those of responders. Non-erosive reflux disease and double proton pump inhibitor doses were predictive factors of partial responders. Persistent reflux symptoms, despite proton pump inhibitor therapy, caused mental health disorders, sleep disorders, and psychological distress in Japanese gastroesophageal reflux disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamiya
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kyouji Senoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Hisayo Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishigaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Motoki Sando
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Michiko Shikano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kohei Katsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang HY, Leena KB, Plymoth A, Hergens MP, Yin L, Shenoy KT, Ye W. Prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and its risk factors in a community-based population in southern India. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:36. [PMID: 26979399 PMCID: PMC4791779 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) varies widely around the world. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of GERD in a general population of southern India. Methods An interview-based observational study was carried out in southern India during 2010 and early 2011 using a GERD questionnaire (GerdQ). In total 1072 participants were enrolled using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Presence of GERD was defined as a score of ≥ 8. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results The prevalence of GERD was 22.2 % (238/1072) in southern India, and was more common among older subjects and men. Overweight and obese subjects had a dose-dependent increased risk of GERD, compared to those with body mass index less than 25 (multivariate-adjusted OR = 1.4, 95 % CI 1.0–2.0; OR = 2.3, 95 % CI 1.3–4.1, respectively). People residing in urban community were more vulnerable to GERD than those in rural community (multivariate-adjusted OR = 1.8, 95 % CI 1.3–2.5). Similarly, those with a lower educational level appeared to have an increased risk of GERD. Further, those with a habit of pan masala chewing were more likely to develop GERD compared with those abstained from the habit (multivariate-adjusted OR = 2.0, 95 % CI 1.2–3.2). Conclusions GERD is highly prevalent in southern India. Increasing age and BMI, an urban environment, lower educational level, and pan masala chewing appear to be risk factors of GERD symptoms for the studied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Amelie Plymoth
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Maria-Pia Hergens
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|